iiiiiiiii Soui^jy /^/3g HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY ^;cc.HA/\^GriE OCT 14 1931 ^^Mf ^/^ Pfr TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY VOLUME VI Printed from the W. W. Whitney Publication Endowment SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society 1930-1931 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI Title-page .! Committee on Publication " Contents "'"^^ 1. An Annotated List of the Butterflies of San Diego County, Cali- fornia. By William S. Wright. PubHshed February 28, 1930 1-40 2. Tertiary Foraminifera from Humboldt County, California. A Pre- liminary Survey of the Fauna. By Joseph A. Cushman, and Roscoe E. & Katherine C. Stewart. Published February 28, 1930.. 41-94 Plates 1-8. 3. New and Renamed Subspecies of Crotalus confluentus Say, with Remarks on Related Species. By Laurence M .Klauber. Published February 28, 1930 95-144 Plates 9-12. 4. Upper Eocene Orbitoid Foraminifera from the Western Santa Ynez Range, California, and their Stratigraphic Significance. By W. P. Woodring. Published July 12, 1930 145-170 Plates 13-17. 5. A New Race of Gilded Flicker from Sonora. By A. J. van Rossem. Published July 12, 1930 171-172 6. New Species of Mollusks. By Fred Baker & V. D. P. Spicer. Published July 12, 1930 173-182 Plates 18, 19. 7. Notes on some Species of Epitonium, Subgenus Nitidiscala, from the West Coast of North America. By A. M. Strong. Published August 30, 1930 183-196 Plate 20. 8 Two New Subspecies of Birds from Sonora. By A. J. van Rossem. Published August 30, 1930 197-198 9. The Races of Auriparus flaviceps (Sundevall) . By A. J. van Rossem. Published August 30, 1930 199-202 10. Comment on the Marsh Sparrows of Southern and Lower California, with the Description of a New Race. By Laurence M. Huey. Published August 30, 1930 203-206 11 New Sonora Races of Toxostoma and Pheugopedius. By A. J. van Rossem. Published September 30, 1930 207-208 12 Some Geographic Variations in Piaya cayana. By A. J. van Rossem. Published September 30, 1930 209-210 13. A New Verdin from Central Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published September 30, 1930 211-212 iv San Diego Society of Natural History 14. Four New Birds from Northwestern Mexico. By A. J. van Rossem. Published November 28, 1930 213-226 15. A New Least Bittern from Sonora. By A. J. van Rossem. PubUshed November 28, 1930 227-228 16. A New Race of Bell Sparrow from Lower CaHfornia, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published December 24, 1930 229-230 17. Two New Pocket Mice of the spinatus Group and one of the longi- membris Group. By Laurence M. Huey. Published December 24, 1930 231-234 18. A New Clapper Rail from Sonora. By Donald R. Dickey. Published December 24, 1930 235-236 19. Report on a Collection of Land Birds from Sonora, Mexico. By A. J. van Rossem. Published April 30, 1931 237-304 20. A New Subspecies of the California Boa, with Notes on the Genus Lichanura. By Laurence M. Klauber. Published April 30, 193L...305-318 Plate 21. 21. A Molluscan Species New to the Recent West Coast Fauna. By DonL. Frizzell. Published April 30, 1931 319-324 Plate 22. 22. Descriptions of New Birds from the Mountains of Southern Nevada. By A. J. van Rossem. Published June 5, 1931 325-332 23. Notes on the Worm Snakes of the Southwest, with Descriptions of Two New Subspecies. By Laurence M. Klauber. Published July 8, 1931 333-352 24. Crotalus tigris and Crotalus enyo, Two Little Known Rattlesnakes of the Southwest. By Laurence M. Klauber. Published July 8, 1931 353-370 Plate 23. 25. Age of the Orbitoid-bearing Eocene Limestone and Turritella variata Zone of the Western Santa Ynez Range, California. By W. P. Woodring. Published August 31, 1931 371-388 26. A New Subspecies of Peromyscus from the Gulf Coast of Lower California, Mexico. By Laurence M. Huey. Published August 31, 1931 389-390 ^f ^1^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 1, pp. 140 AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY William S. Wright Curator of Insects, San Diego Society of Natural History SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNL\ Printed for the Society February 28, 1930 San Diego Society of Natural History BOARD OF DIRECTORS, 1930 Joseph W. Sefton, Jr President Fred Baker Vice-President John W. Snyder Secretary-Treasurer Clinton G. Abbott Laurence M. Klauber W. C. Crandall Miss Alice Lee U. S. Grant, IV Milton A. McRae Ralph E. Jenney Julius Wangenheim MUSEUM STAFF Clinton G. Abbott Director William S. Wright County Supervisor of Nature Study and Curator of Insects Frank Stephens Curator Emeritus Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals A. M. Ingersoll Curator of Birds' Eggs Laurence M. Klauber Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians U. S. Grant, IV Curator in Paleontology Mrs. Kate Stephens Curator of Mollush and Marine Invertebrates Miss F. G. Woodcock Curator of Plants Miss Lillian Buss Secretary to the Director Miss Alice W. Barlow Librarian Carroll De Wilton Scott Nature Guide Samuel G. Harter Assistant, Bird and Mammal Department M. Amburgey In Charge of County Fruit Exhibit George H. Stenberg Custodian TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 1, pp. 1-40 AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY William S. Wright Curator of Insects, San Diego Society of Natural History SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society February 28. 1930 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA BY William S. Wright Curator of Insects, San Diego Society of Natural History INTRODUCTION To produce a complete list of all insects that occur in any large circumscribed area is practically an impossibility. Even an accurate record of all the butterflies to be found in so extensive and varied a territory as San Diego County entails a vast amount of field work at every season of the year, supplemented by ample technical facilities and knowledge. The writer therefore makes no claim of infallibility for the present paper, and presents it merely as the sum of his accumulated data and experience at the present time. The future will doubtless bring about changes and additions, especially when more intensive collecting is done in the eastern and northern parts of the County. In 1908 the writer published a list' containing eighty species and forms. Since that time further collections have been made covering more territory within the County, records have been checked and rumors followed with great care in an effort to render the list as nearly complete as possible. The present list contains the names of 148 species, races, forms and abberrations, several of which have been described since the last list was given to the press, and one of which — Kelsey's Blue — is here given first publication. Most of the butterflies named are represented in the collections of the San Diego Society of Natural History; the others may be found in the collections of local entomologists. Accurate checking has thus been possible. This paper has been in preparation for the last three years, and the author wishes to express his gratitude to the several people who have helped. Among those to whom especial acknowledgment is due is Dr. John Adams Comstock of Los Angeles, whose excellent new book on the butterflies of California" has been the source not only ' Wright, W. S. Annotated List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of San Diego County, Cali- fornia, based on collections during 1906 and 1907: Journal of the New York Entomological Society, Vol. XVI, No. 3, pp. 153-167, September, 1908. - Comstock, John Adams. Butterflies of California. Los Angeles, California, 1927. 4 San Diego Society of Natural History of the English names used, but also of certain statements relative to habits and distribution. The sequence and nomenclature of Dr. Com- stock's book have been adopted for the present paper instead of those of Drs. Barnes' and Benjamin's "List,"^ in order to aid amateur collec- tors who may wish to use this as a check list for local material in combination with "Butterflies of California." To J. D. Gunder of Pasa- dena the author is also indebted for material assistance in securing specimens and data regarding a number of species and forms here given. Dr. Comstock was kind enough to read the manuscript of this list and the writer's thanks are hereby tendered him for his kindly and valu- able criticism. The writer also desires to express his appreciation of the assistance of George H. Field of San Diego, his companion and co- worker in the field. Mr. Field's knowledge of San Diego County and his ability as a collector have been of great value as well as a source of inspiration. Others, whose names occur in the text, have aided in no small way by giving information about species and locations that were unknown to the writer. It will be noted that no reference is made to the "life zones" of any of the butterflies in the list, as is so often done in the consideration of plants, birds and mammals. As yet no serious attempt has been made to zone San Diego County entomologically. This is a work that would require a vast amount of research and its completion may not be expected for many years to come. 5 Barnes, Wm. and Benjamin, F. H. List of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of Boreal America North of Mexico: Bulletin Southern California Academy of Sciences, Vol XXV, Part 1, January, 1926. Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 5 BUTTERFLIES OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SUPERFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEA Family PAPILIONIDAE 1. Papilio zelicaon Lucas (7)^ Anise Swallowtail This is the commonest Swallowtail throughout San Diego County. The larvae are abundant on anise weed and are easily bred, as they will feed on leaves of parsley or carrots if anise is not handy. This insect has been observed feeding on citrus fruit leaves, hence it may be of economic importance. 2. Papilio indra pergamus Henry Edwards (8a) Edwards' Swallowtail Pergamus is said to be confined to the mountains of southern California. In San Diego County it flies from April to July. Though not at all common it may sometimes be found at high elevations in fairly good numbers, usually in company with other Swallowtails. Examples have been taken in Pine Valley at about 4000 feet elevation, on San Miguel Mountain, on the Laguna Mountains and at Kentwood- in-the-Pines, near Julian. 3. Papilio rutulus Lucas (15) Western Tiger Swallowtail Rutulus occurs abundantly throughout the County, as it does throughout the entire western states region. Its lazy flight makes it rather easy of capture and it is present at all seasons and at all eleva- tions. The larvae feed on willow and alder. 4. Papilio multicaudata Kirby (16) Daunus Swallowtail George H. Field, a veteran collector, reports having observed an example of this species in flight in the vicinity of Lake Fiodges. The ■* Numbers in parentheses refer to Barnes' and Benjamin's "List of Diurnal Lepidoptera of Boreal America North of Mexico," Bulletin Southern California Academy of Sciences, Vol. XXV, Part 1, January, 1926. 6 San Diego Society of Natural History fact that there are three tails on the secondaries made identification easy. May to August is the season of flight. 5. Papilio eurymedon Lucas (17) Pale Swallowtail From early spring to late September eurymedon may be found in some part of this County. Usually it maintains a residence in the upland meadows and about the tops of high hills or mountains, but occasionally descends to the low lands near sea level. The larvae feed on California coffee berry {Rhamnus calif ornica) . Family PIERIDAE 6. Pieris beckerii (Edwards) (32) Becker's White Examples of beckerii are rare in this County, but the species has been taken in the semi-desert area on the eastern edge of the County. The similarity in maculation between this species and protodice makes positive identification rather difficult for any but experienced collectors. The larval food plant is usually some member of the mustard family. 7. Pieris sisymbrii (Boisduval) (33) California White Sisymbrii has been rarely taken in the Laguna Mountains and at Jacumba. Captures are usually made in the late spring or early summer months. The larvae feed on members of the mustard family. 8. Pieris protodice (Boisduval and Leconte) (35) Common White With the possible exception of P. rapae, P. protodice is the most common White in the entire United States. It is found in abundance everywhere in this County from sea level to mountain top, and occurs during every month from February to November. Persons unfamiliar with the species may be pardoned for calling it P. beckerii, which it resembles rather closely. However, the clouding on the underside of the secondaries will serve as a means of distinguishing it. As in the case of its allied species, the larval food plant belongs to the mustard family (Cruciferae) . Wright— Butterflies of San Diego County 7 9. Pieris protodice vernalis (Edwards) (35 gen. vern.) Vernal White This is simply the early spring form of protodice. It is lighter in color above, smaller in size and usually more distinctly veined below on the secondaries. Rather common in the canyons about the City of San Diego. 10. Pieris rapae (Linnaeus) (38) Cabbage Butterfly There is probably no more wide spread insect pest in America than this butterfly. The larval food is preferably members of the cabbage family of plants and the annual loss to truck gardeners caused by this insect amounts to many millions of dollars. It also feeds on nasturtium and mustard plants. In this County there has been a marked increase in its occurrence during the last twenty years and it bids fair to become a rather serious pest locally. Rapae is of European origin, having become established in the Province of Quebec, Canada, about seventy-five years ago, whence it has spread throughout the length and breadth of North America. The name rapae, according to Dr. J. A. Comstock, is applicable only to the lightly marked spring brood, while the later members of the species are designated under the next name. 11. Pieris rapae yreka (Reakirt) (38 gen. aest.) Yreka Cabbage Butterfly This form of rapae is abundant in midsummer and autumn any- where in the County. 12. Nathalis iole Boisduval (39) Dwarf Yellow Although this species has been reported as a "foot-hill and lowland species,"^ in San Diego County it is more plentiful at higher elevations. The insect is rather rare near the coast. In the month of June, 1926, I was able to secure a large series without any trouble in the Laguna Mountains at an elevation of 6000 feet. The larval food plant in Cali- fornia is the downy bur marigold {Bidens pilosa) . 5 Comstock, J. A., op. cit., p. 36. 8 San Diego Society of Natural History 13. Anthocharis lanceolata australis (Grinnell) (43a) Grinnell's Marble A comparatively rare form and this record — Jacumba, San Diego County, California — extends its range far outside the previously known range. Formerly reported only from the southern Sierras. 14. Anthocharis cethura Felder and Felder (45) Feeder's Orange-tip This form has been rare in San Diego County for a number of years, but some fifteen years ago its occurrence was rather common dur- ing early spring in the region near the coast. Dr. Comstock records it as a desert or semi-desert form, hence one should look for it on the eastern edge of the County. February to April is the best time. 15. Anthocharis cethura deserti W. G. Wright (45b) Desert Orange-tip A single specimen of this rare form was taken several years ago by George H. Field on Point Loma. It may turn up at almost any time along the eastern or desert edge of the County. 16. Anthocharis sara Boisduval (47) Sara Orange-tip In this County sara is found only near the coast and is considered a rare catch. The only records I have are from near Pacific Beach. 17. Anthocharis sara stella Edwards (47c) Stellar Orange-tip The same comment applies to this form as to the preceding. It is a dimorphic female about the same size as sara, but having a yellow suffusion above that varies somewhat in intensity. My specimens were captured near the coast in spring. 18. Anthocharis sara reakirtii Edwards (47 gen. vern.) Reakirt's Orange-tip This is one of the earliest of our common butterflies and, in its season, very abundant in canyons about the City and in the foothills Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 9 back from the coast. April and May are the best months in which to hunt for it. 19. Anthocharis sara reakirtii ab. wrighti J. A. Comstock (Not listed)^ Wright's Aberrant Orange-tip Only one example of this beautiful butterfly has ever been recorded. The type is in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 20. Catopsilia eubule sennae (Linnaeus) (48) Senna Sulphur Although this form of the Cloudless Sulphur is supposed to be found only in the low altitudes near the coast, it is of record in my collection from Cuyapipe Canyon, Laguna Mountains, elevation about 5000 ft. This capture was made in June, 1926. 21. Catopsilia eubule sennae form pallida (Cockerell) (48 form) Pallid Sulphur This form is an albinic female and is rather rare. The yellow tends to become white and, in extreme cases, disappears entirely. Several examples have been taken in San Diego County. 22. Zerene eurydice (Boisduval) (56) California Dog-face A rare instct in the immediate vicinity of San Diego, but is occa- sionally found in Mission Valley, where its larval food plant, false indigo {Amorpha calif ornica) , grows. At El Monte, and in well watered canyons in the mountains, it flies in abundance during April and May. A second brood makes its appearance in July, and it may be taken occasionally as late as November. 23. Zerene eurydice bernardino (Edwards) (56a) Margined Dog-face In this form the secondaries of the male bear a black margin of ^Original description, J. A. Comstock, op. cit., p. 282. 10 San Diego Society of Natural History greater or less extent. The females are the same as in the preceding species. Both forms are found in the same association here, and a long series will show intergrades from one extreme to the other. 24. Zerene eurydice amorphae (Henry Edwards) (56 gen. aest.) Clouded Dog-face A rare female form with markings that suggest the female of the Southern Dog-face. The amount of dark varies greatly in different individuals. I have one example taken in Mission Valley several years ago. 25. Zerene caesonia (Stoll) (57) Southern Dog-face Only one speciinen of this species is known by the writer to have been taken within the County. This was captured near Mountain Springs in July, 1906. 26. Eurymus eurytheme (Boisduval) (61) Boisduval's Sulphur Scarcely a month in the year goes by but that some form of eurytheme may be found. Those occurring in early spring are said to be typical. They are usually smaller than the later forms and have but little of the characteristic orange suffusion on the disk of the primaries. Because of the larval habit of attacking alfalfa, it has been called the Alfalfa Butterfly in some sections of the country. 27. Eurymus eurytheme ab. alba (Strecker) (61 ab.) Boisduval's Pale Sulphur This white female form occurs constantly with all the forms of eurytheme. White takes the place of the yellow ground color, but in all other respects it is like the typical species. 28. Eurymus eurytheme amphidusa (Boisduval) (61 form) Flavid Sulphur Amphidusa is the summer form of eurytheme and is much more abundant than typical eurytheme. The larvae attack alfalfa and clovers Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 11 to such a degree that, as one writer suggests, "each of these yellow beauties represents just so much butter that has taken wing from the profits of the farmer." 29. Eurymus harfordii (Henry Edwards) (64) Harford's Sulphur Harfordii is often found associated with eurytheme in the foothills and mountain regions. It is rarely taken at coast elevations. The clear yellow of the wings and entire lack of orange suffusion, together with the contrasty black borders, serve admirably to separate the species from other Sulphurs of this locality. 30. Eurema mexicana (Boisduval) (75) Mexican Yellow Only a few captures of this species have been recorded for San Diego County. It is, however, fairly common on the desertward slopes of the mountains. 31. Eurema nicippe (Cramer) (77) NicipPE Yellow Wherever cassia grows, Nicippe Yellow is of more or less common occurrence. Very abundant in Balboa Park during late August and early September. Family DANAIDAE 32. Danaus nienippe (Hubner) (85) Monarch The Monarch is probably the best known butterfly in the United States and is common throughout the County from early spring to late fall. Wherever milkweed grows, there the Monarch may be found. It has been known to indulge in the habit of assembling in great numbers in the fall in this region on several occasions. In 1923 a great migratory swarm settled on the eucalyptus trees in Mission Valley not far from Old Town and was visited by numbers of people. About the same time another flight settled in a row of eucalyptus and cypress trees near Camp Hearn at Imperial Beach. Similar flights have been reported from. Carlsbad and Del Mar. This is an interesting phenomenon and 12 San Diego Society of Natural History well worth observation and study. The species is better known under its former names of Anosia plexippus or Danaus archippiis. 33. Danaus menippe ab. fumosus (Hulst) (85 ab.) Smoky Monarch This is simply an aberration of the Monarch and is rather rare. I have one or two specimens taken in this County. In fumosus the rich red-brown of typical Monarch is replaced by smoky gray-brown, and in my examples the yellow or buff spots at the apex of the primaries have a tendency to become white. 34. Danaus Berenice strigosa (Bates) (86a) Striated Queen Although strigosa is reported as rare in California, it is quite common in this County. The food plant is milkweed and its occurrence at various times from early spring to late autumn would indicate a number of broods. When flowers are most bountiful in the canyons, strigosa is fairly common and later it frequents gardens. Lantana, when in bloom, is very attractive to both the Monarch and the Queen. Family SATYRIDAE 35. Coenonympha California Westwood 6? Hewitson (102) California Ringlet Grassy hills and sunny slopes are the favorite trysting places for hundreds of these delicate little Ringlets. A habit of flying low and darkening of colors beneath serve to prevent it from becoming conspicu- ous at any time. The collector may find it as early as February, and, in favored localities, as late as September. It is most abundant in April and May. I have never collected California anywhere but in the area between the coast and the foothills. 36. Coenonympha California galactinus (Boisduval) (102 form) Boisduval's Ringlet This form is characterized by the "creamy-yellow on the superior surface of the wings and brownish-yellow shadings on under side." The Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 13 number of eye-spots on the secondaries varies greatly and an occasional specimen will be found with the apical eye on the primaries twinned. Not at all common and never early. Associated with typical California in late summer. 37. Cercyonis silvestris (Edwards) (116) Sylvan Satyr During July and August this is a rather common butterfly on brushy hillsides in foothills and mountains of this County. It has been taken in some numbers in canyons just east of the City of San Diego. The insect is rather difficult to capture because of its habit of flying close to the ground in brushy places. It is an interesting capture at any time and well worth the effort necessary, even when attended by torn nets and scratched hands. Family NYMPHALIDAE Subfamily HELICONIINAE 38. Dione vanillae (Linnaeus) (148) Gulf Fritillary Everyone who raises the passion vine is well acquainted with this silver-spangled beauty. It is very common about San Diego City from early spring to late summer, pursuing its devastating way with unerring certainty, and to the sorrow of the gardener. The caterpillars are voraci- ous eaters and in a short time will practically defoliate the plant attacked; and when the natural food gives out they have been known to turn cannibal and eat each other. This is especially true of specimens confined for purposes of study. Subfamily NYMPHALINAE 39. Euptoieta claudia (Cramer) (149) Variegated Fritillary There seems to be no good reason why this Fritillary should not be common here, but so far as I know, only one example has ever been taken in this County. It was brought to me alive by a school boy who found it freshly emerged in his garden. The larva is said to feed on garden pansies. 14 San Diego Society of Natural History 40. Argynnis semiramis (Edwards) (175c) Semiramis' Fritillary From the middle of June to the middle of July this is the most common Fritillary in the mountain regions. It is very easy to capture, being slow of flight and fond of the low growing composite flowers that bloom in such profusion at that time. 41. Argynnis callippe (Boisduval) (176) Callippe Fritillary In late May, during favorable years, callippe may be found in wide canyons with grassy slopes near the coast. In the mountains it is associated sparingly with semiramis in June and very likely well into July. The food plant is violet and wherever callippe is found the dried- up leaves of the violet nestle close to the ground. The eggs are deposited near, with the knowledge that the young caterpillars will find the luscious fresh leaves in the spring. In June, 1926, the writer took callippe on the very top of Laguna Mountains and again (in 1927) Fred Thorn took it at the same place. These facts would seem to contradict the state- ments of Dr. Comstock in his "Butterflies of California," where he says that this is a butterfly of the lowlands and foothills. 42. Euphydryas chalcedona (Doubleday 6? Hewitson) (204) Chalcedon Checker-spot This beautiful Checker-spot flies during May and June. Occasional examples are found near the coast, but it is quite common among the foothills and mountains. A great many variations are to be found, many of which have been given names. Any large collection is very likely to contain examples of one or more aberrations or forms. 43. Euphydryas chalcedona quino (Behr) (209) Behr's Checker-spot The genus Euphydryas is a rather difficult one to work with and the species chalcedona is one of its most plastic members. The name quino was applied first to specimens found in this general region.- In 1906 the type was lost and since then there has been much searching and a great deal of discussion relative to the status of quino. We have been following the nomenclature of Barnes' and Benjamin's "List" and have Wright— Butterflies of San Diego County 15 regarded quino as abundant in this County. Recently J. D. Gunder has made a study of the genus and his active collecting has finally located the race under discussion on the edge of the desert in this County and northward as far as Palm Springs/ Specimens have been taken at Jacumba and at La Puerta, the former by Mr. Gunder and at the latter place by George H. Field. Dr. J. A. Comstock tells me he has taken it in canyons leading into Borego Valley in this and Riverside Counties. Early spring, about March, is the proper time to look for them. 44. Euphydryas editha (Boisduval) (212) Editha Checker-spot The late Dr. Rivers and Dr. Henry Skinner both identified San Diego examples of this species as editha. About twenty years ago, Fordyce Grinnell redescribed quino^ (Behr's type having been lost) from speciinens taken in San Diego, since which time the species has stood under that name. It is a very early flier— in some seasons as early as February, and frequents grassy slopes and hill tops near the ocean, where it is very abundant and easy to capture. The collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History contains a number of examples taken in September, which would indicate the possibility of two broods yearly. 45. Euphydryas editha fieldi Gunder (Not listed) Field's Aberrant Checker-spot This is a transition form of which, so far as known, only one specimen, the type, has ever been taken. The capture was made by George H. Field in San Diego during the month of April. 46. Euphydryas editha wrighti Gunder^ (Not listed) Southern Checker-spot The type locality of this Checker-spot is in the southeastern part of San Diego City where it was collected by George H. Field in consider- able numbers. It is considered by Mr. Gunder a perfecdy good race of 7 Gunder, J. D. The Rediscovery of a Lost Race: Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. V, pp. 1-5, July, 1928. 8 Grinnell, Fordyce, Jr., Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXXIX, p. 380, November, 1907. 9 Original description, J. D. Gunder, Pan-Pacific Entomologist, Vol. VI, p. 5, July, 1929. 16 San Diego Society of Natural History editha, differentiated from the typical species by certain color differences and the uniformly smaller size. The race is not easily recognized and a person will be obliged to make close comparisons with specimens taken in other localities to be sure. Mr. Gunder is of the opinion that this locality is the extreme northern edge of its range and that more collect- ing, in locations farther south, will show smaller examples and more evident color variations. 47. Melitaea gabbii (Behr) (225) Gabb's Checker-spot During March, April and May gabbii may be found in every canyon from ocean to mountain. It is usually very abundant and easy to capture. 48. Melitaea chara (Edwards) (235) Chara Checker-spot Reported by Dr. Comstock from the Borego Valley region. The home of this little gem is the desert region of southern and southeastern California. It occurs in two broods, the first in March and April, the second in October. "Only in rare seasons of unusual rainfall is it to be found in any numbers.""^ 49. Melitaea leanira wrightii (Edwards) (237) Wright's Checker-spot This race is rather rare in San Diego County, although every season yields a small series to some fortunate collector. Examples have been taken at Torrey Pines, along the hills bordering Mission Valley, in the Laguna Mountains and at many other places; but it is never found in large numbers. 50. Phyciodes phaon (Edwards) (249) Phaon Crescent We follow Dr. J. A. Comstock in using the name phaon, and would also here correct his slip in reference to publications. The 10 Comstock, J. A., op. at., p. 1 12. 1 1 Comstock, J. A., op. cit., p. 116. Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 17 species was published as tharos and marcia by W. G. Wright (not W. S. Wright) in his "Butterflies of the West Coast."" Phaon has made its appearance in San Diego County only within the last few years.* It may be taken almost anywhere in the County from sea level to mountain top. Midsummer is the time of its flight. 51. Phyciodes mylitta (Edwards) (258) Mylitta Crescent The only record I have for mylitta in this County is a small series taken at Bailey's, Palomar Mountain, July 17, 1927. It was quite common there in a small meadow, and industrious collecting would probably have resulted in a much larger series. The individuals are slightly smaller than northern and eastern specimens. 52. Chlosyne lacinia crocale (Edwards) (265c) Crocale Patch Not common in this region, but has been recorded from La Puerta and Vallecitos, in the Colorado desert, as of July occurrence. 53. Chlosyne californica (W.G.Wright) (266) California Patch March and April, September and October are the months when this beauty may be looked for. According to Dr. J. A. Comstock the species is a rarity and very local in its distribution. The San Diego Society of Natural History has a record for July at Mountain Springs and others are known from The Narrows, an opening into the desert near La Puerta. 54. Polygonia satyrus (Edwards) (274) Satyr The Satyr occurs rather sparingly in willow thickets near the coast and in shady places near running water in the mountains. Midsummer hikers may run across one almost any time. 1- Wright, William GREEN^X'OOD. The Butterflies of the West Coast of the United States. San Bernardino, California, 1906, pp. 165, 166. 18 San Diego Society of Natural History 55. Polygonia satyrus marsyas (Edwards) (274a) Marsyas Angle-wing This form is often found in the same locaUty as the preceding species, of which some of our leading lepidopterists beheve it to be simply a seasonal variety. Breeding has been suggested as a means of definitely fixing its status. 56. Polygonia zephyrus (Edwards) (277) Zephyr A record for this species occurs in the collection of George H. Field, giving Descanso as the locality and July 1st as the date of capture. 57. Aglais californica (Boisduval) (283) California Tortoise-shell The California Tortoise-shell is one of the earliest fliers in the mountain regions. My own records are from the vicinity of Henshaw Dam, in March. It is said that in favorable localities the larvae some- times are so numerous as completely to defoliate the food plant — Ceanothus. When this occurs the adults are likely to swarm and obey an instinct to migrate, usually in a northerly direction. A flight of this kind is recorded from the Lake Tahoe region that continued for three days and consisted of many thousands of individuals. 58. Aglais antiopa (Linnaeus) (285) Mourning Cloak A very cominon butterfly in all parts of the Temperate Zone. It flies nearly all the year round in San Diego, breeds on willow and other related plants and is very easy to rear. Two forms are illustrated by Dr. Comstock which are likely to be found here. One is described as having an extraordinarily wide border, the other as having no blue spots in the border. 59. Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus) (286) Alderman This butterfly is better known as the Red Admiral, but the true Admiral butterflies belong to another genus, so Dr. Comstock has chosen Wright— Butterflies of San Diego County 19 to label it the Alderman, a name applied in England, probably refer- ring to the colorful costumes worn by the old-time Aldermen of London. In this County it may be found from tide-water to mountain top although not very common. The food plant is commonly nettles, but the larvae will feed on hop and other allied plants. 60. Vanessa virginiensis (Drury) (287) Virginia Lady This is a widely distributed member of the Painted Lady group. Holland calls it Hunter's Painted Lady and lists it as V. hunter a. About San Diego the larvae feed on "everlasting" {Gnaphalium) , and the adults like to fly about barren hill tops where they have a habit of choosmg a bare spot which they guard, giving chase to everything that approaches. Midsummer is the best time to look for them. 61. Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus) (288) Painted Lady It is said that cardui is the most universally distributed butterfly in the world. Wherever thistles grow it may be found in some one or more of its numerous fonns or races. While thistle seems to be the favorite larval food, many other plants are eaten with relish. There are seasons also when this butterfly appears in great swarms or flights, some- times called "migratory flights." Two such flights have been observed m San Diego recently. During the spring of 1924 great numbers were observed coming from the southwest and flying in a general northerly direction. In 1925 the flight was repeated, but this time in greater numbers. It is not known what causes these flights, where the insects come from or where they go. 62. Vanessa carye (Hubner) (289) West Coast Lady While cardui is practically universal in its occurrence, carye is con- fined to the west coast of the Americas from Vancouver to Patagonia. It is of much the same appearance as cardui, except that it is smaller and the apex of the fore wings is straight, not rounded. The larval food plant is usually some form of mallow {Malva) . 20 San Diego Society of Natural History 63. Vanessa carye ab. letcheri (Grinnell) (289 ab.) Letcher's Butterfly Of the several aberrations of carye this seems to be the most common. It is Ukely to be found at any time and in any place where the typical insect is found. My own experience seems to point to late summer as the best season and lantana and the white marguerite daisy as the plants most likely to be frequented by them. 64. Junonia coena Hubner (290) Buckeye Dr. Comstock, in "Butterflies of California," tells us that "The Buckeye is one of the most strikingly marked butterflies of North America, on account of the eye-spots." At any rate, once seen, the impression left is a lasting one. The beautiful rich brown of the back- ground, the large "eyes" and the pugnacious habit of the butterfly com- mand instant attention. In this County it may be taken at all elevations from sea level to mountain top (6500 ft.) and from early spring to late summer. 65. Basilarchia lorquini (Boisduval) (310) Lorquin's Admiral While lorquini is most often found along river bottoms and about moist areas, it is frequently found in the dry canyons adjacent to such locations, if willow grows there. Individuals often select a bright, sunny, open spot, bordered by willows, which they seem to guard, and will dart viciously at any insect, bird or even human that dares to enter the area. 66. Heterochroa bredowii calif ornica Butler (313a) California Sister The California Sister has been known in southern California as the Oaktree Butterfly, having been given this name rather locally because of its habit of frequenting the live oaks and because the larvae feed thereon. It is a beautiful insect, rarely found in company with others of its kind, and too often entirely out of reach of the collector's net. However, during early forenoon or late afternoon, individuals descend to damp ground for a sip of water, when the careful collector may be rewarded with little effort. XK-'right — Butterflies of San Diego County 21 Family RIODINIDAE 67. Apodemia mormo (Felder and Felder) (324) Mormon Metal-mark The home of this butterfly is said to be the "desert regions to the south and east of Los Angeles County, on the Mojave Plateau, in the Owen's Valley and the Mono Basin." '^ We have to record it from La Puerta, San Diego County, on the eastern edge of the County, in semi-desert area. 68. Apodemia mormo virgulti (Behr) (324a) Behr's Metal-mark Virgulti is a very interesting butterfly, common from sea level to mountain top in San Diego County. It might well be called the Darting Shadow, as its habit of flight during the heat of the day makes it look like a shadow and it is almost as elusive. 69. Apodemia palmerii marginalis (Skinner) (325 form) Margined Metal-mark We are told that marginalis is limited to Imperial Valley and contiguous desert areas. We record it from La Puerta Valley on the eastern edge of San Diego County in abundance during July. 70. Calephelis nemesis (Edwards) (334) Dusky Metal-mark We refer to Dr. Comstock as authority for the occurrence of nemesis only in desert or semi-desert regions. It occurs in abundance at San Diego along the San Diego River and in all canyons leading to it near the coast. The larval food plant is said to be Bebbia juncea. 71. Calephelis nemesis australis (Edwards) (334) Southern Metal-mark The habitat of this race is given as the same region as the typical species. We record it from La Puerta on the western edge of the Colorado desert, where it occurs commonly in July. 1^ Comstock, J. A., op. cii., p. 149. 22 San Diego Society of Natural History Family LYCAENIDAE Subfamily THECLINAE 72. Habrodais grunus (Boisduval) (338) Boisduval's Hair-streak A rather somber-colored butterfly frequenting oak bushes in the live oak district. At times there are veritable swanns of them. The writer has seen them at Cuyamaca Lake in immense numbers, fluttering about the low live oak bushes. 73. Atlides halesus (Cramer) (339) Great Purple Hair-streak We have records of this beauty from the vicinity of Jacumba and in the Laguna Mountains. It is said to be more plentiful on the edge of the desert about water-holes. At best it is never abundant in this locality. 74. Strymon columella (Fabricius) (350) Columella Hair-streak Only a few examples of this modest little Hair-streak have ever been taken here. It is considered a rare catch. 75. Strymon leda (Edwards) (354) Leda Hair-streak The writer has taken this beauty in the summer and in the fall. A fine series from the Laguna Mountains taken in August and at least one specimen in the City of San Diego (Mahogany Canyon) in October. It is never abundant. 76. Strymon leda ines (Edwards) (354a) Ines Hair-streak Our records for ines in this County are confined to the vicinity of Jacumba in July, 1906. A small series was taken at that time and place about the cat's claw trees (Acacia gT'eggii). 77. Strymon melinus Hubner (357) Common Hair-streak Everywhere a common insect. We have examples taken at all eleva- tions within the County and at all seasons. Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 23 78. Strymon calif ornica (Edwards) (365) California Hair-streak A very common butterfly in the foothills and mountains from June to August. We have found it most common about the flowers of milk- weed. It is easily taken and easily recognized. 79. Strymon sylvinus (Boisduval) (367) Sylvan Hair-streak The Sylvan Hair-streak will be found most commonly in associa- tion with willows along watercourses or in adjacent canyons. It is often called dryope when compared with illustrations in "Butterflies of the West Coast," but it has been observed that dryope occurs only in central and northern California. 80. Strymon auretorum spadix (Henry Edwards) (373a) Nut-brown Hair-streak A large series of this interesting and comparatively rare species fell to my net at Cuyamaca Lake some years ago. It is said to be found only on rare occasions and at widely separated places. June and July may produce them for the conscientious collector. 81. Strymon adenostomatis (Henry Edwards) (374) Gray Hair-streak This might well be called the Chaparral Hair-streak, since its principal place of abode is the so-called Elfin Forest. Very common everywhere in San Diego County. 82. Strymon saepium chlorophora Watson 6? W. P.Comstock (375 form) Purplish-brown Hair-streak This species is found in association with the previous species and is very comiTion throughout our district from tide-water to mountain top during June and July. Almost any patch of dodder, if in bloom, will yield them in abundance. l"* COMSTOCK, J. A.,Op. CI/., p. 161. 24 San Diego Society of Natural History 83. Mitoura spinetorum cuyamaca W. S. Wright (377) CuYAMACA Hair-streak While Barnes and Benjamin have reduced this form to synonomy we are still of the opinion that it is a good race, since it is the only race taken in this region. Typical spinetorum has never been recorded from this County. Rather abundant in its season on Laguna Mountains, and has been taken at Julian and Cuyamaca Lake. 84. Mitoura nelsoni (Boisduval) (379) Nelson's Hair-streak Three specimens from Cuyapipe Canyon, Laguna Mountains, and a small series from Palomar, all taken in June, seem to be this species. I have seen no others from this locality, but there seems to be no reason why the species, or a form of it, should not be found here. 85. Mitoura nelsoni ab. exoleta (Henry Edwards) (379ab.) A small series answering to the description of aberration exoleta, a variety in which the whole lower surface of the wings is immaculate and of a "dull chestnut brown" color, has been taken on Palomar Mountain. 86. Mitoura loki (Skinner) (383) Skinner's Hair-streak Loki is probably closely allied to M. siva or is a form of that species. It occurs only in the juniper belt from Jacumba, the type locality, northward. Not very plentiful in this County. The type was taken in July, but the season probably begins about the middle of June. 87. Incisalia iroides (Boisduval) (385) Western Elfin This is one of the earliest butterflies in San Diego County. I have taken them near the coast as early as February. They are usually fairly abundant in the mountains in June. 88. Incisalia eryphon (Boisduval) (392) Western Banded Elfin It has never been my privilege to take a specimen of this species Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 25 but my friend, George H. Field, tells me it has been taken on the Laguna Mountains in recent years. As the larval food-plant is believed to be pine, and there is a decided pine belt on these and other mountains in the County, it should be taken here. 89. Callophrys dumetorum (Boisduval) (394) Bramble Hair-streak On hillsides and low elevations dumetorum makes its appearance rather early — March and April. Its rather slow habit of flying makes it easy of capture. It has been taken abundantly on the slopes toward the sea on Point Loma and on the hill tops farther east, at least to Flynn Springs. 90. Callophrys dumetorum perplexa Barnes 6? Benjamin (394a) Perplexing Hair-streak This is a race of the preceding species and is found to be quite coinmon about the City. It will be known by the entire absence of white spots on the under side of the wings or by simply a suggestion of the spots on the secondaries. Subfamily CHRYSOPHANINAE 91. Tharsalea virginiensis (Edwards) (403) Nevada Copper Specimens in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History taken near Jacumba, San Diego County, and a series in the col- lection of George H. Field, taken at Warner's Hot Springs, are un- doubtedly virginiensis. This note will extend the range of this species as the latest published records state that it occurs from "northeastern California to Colorado.'"^ The larval food plant is known to be wild currant and gooseberry both of which are common in this County. 92. Tharsalea hermes (Edwards) (404) Hermes Copper In late May, all of June and early July, the canyons leading into 15 COMSTOCK, J. A., op. cit., p. 172. 26 San Diego Society of Natural History Mission Valley near San Diego are inhabited by a number of very interesting species, among them hermes. Its beautiful combination of brown and yellow makes it a veritable fairy and gives untold joy to the collector fortunate enough to get one. Its trysting places are being rapidly taken over by realtors and the species may soon become extinct, unless colonies yet undiscovered are located in other regions. I am told that Chris. Henne, of Los Angeles County, captured specimens in the vicinity of Ensenada, Mexico, which seems to indicate that we are on the northern extremity of its range. 93. Heodes gorgon (Boisduval) (405) Gorgon Copper While gorgon is reputed to be of State-wide distribution and has been taken in this County, it is apparently quite rare here. Some years ago it was known to be established in the Morena Dam region, but not in anything like large numbers. It was taken then in association with the next species. 94. Heodes xanthoides (Boisduval) (407) Great Copper Very common throughout the foothills and mountain districts. Every meadow will produce them in considerable numbers. 95. Heodes helloides (Boisduval) (412) Purplish Copper Almost any moist meadow land from sea coast to mountain top has a colony of helloides. It is easily captured and may usually be taken in large numbers. Subfamily LYCAENINAE 96. Leptotes marina (Reakirt) (421) Marine Blue A very dainty little creature, rather difficult to capture because of its swift, darting flight. It is partial to the bloom of alfalfa and the common deerweed {Lotus scoparius) and is to be found everywhere within our region. Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 27 97. Brephidium exilis (Boisduval) (422) Pigmy Blue This is said to be the smallest American butterfly. It may be found throughout the County wherever the so-called Australian salt grass {Atriplex semi-baccata) is to be found. Very abundant along the bay shores and on hillsides and mesas throughout the City and County. 98. Brephidium exilis ab. coolidgei Gunder (422 ab.) Coolidge's Aberrant Blue A single specimen of exilis is in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History, in which the characteristic marks of the typical species are absent in large measure. Above, the specimen has the same appearance as B. exilis, but beneath, practically all the marks are either absent altogether or greatly accented. On the primaries beneath, the terminal line of white spots is much more conspicuous than in the type. The rest of the wing is the same as that of the typical species in general color, but the white cross lines and strigations are entirely absent. On the underside of the secondaries the marginal row of black spots is reduced from six in number to four and the white band in which they are situated is much wider and more brilliant. The three black dots near the base of the wing are trans- fonned into three black dashes, broad and conspicuous, lying parallel with the veins, no other marks appearing. J. D. Gunder has called this form aberration coolidgei}^ 99. Hemiargus gyas (Edwards) (426) Edwards' Blue EXiring June, 1926, the writer took large numbers of this Blue in the meadows about Laguna Lake, Laguna Mountains. It was the most plentiful species present at the time. The species occurs everywhere in the County. 100. Hemiargus isola (Reakirt) (428) Reakirt's Blue George H. Field reports this species as occurring in Jacumba in July. '6 Gunder, J. D., Entomological News, Vol. XXXVI, p. 2, January, 1925. 28 San Diego Society of Natural History 101. Everes amyntula (Boisduval) (430) Western Tailed Blue This is the only Blue in this region that sports a tail on the secondaries. Wherever the so-called loco weed {Astragalus leucopsis) is found, there amyntula plays in its season. 102. Plebejus melissa (Edwards) (432) Orange-margined Blue In the female of this species both wings are margined with a line of orange-colored lunules joined to form a continuous band. This band is also present as a line of spots on the underside of the wings in both sexes. It is very common in low places where vetch grows; also sweet clover is very attractive to it. In 1902 a colony was discovered in an area now covered by the waters of Morena Reservoir, in which the individuals were so numerous that in the cool of evening they hung on the grass like azure pendants. 103. Plebejus saepiolus (Boisduval) (435) Greenish Blue Saepiolus occurs on Palomar Mountain at Bailey's and, in its season, could probably be taken in some numbers. The species has many variants. The specimens under consideration may prove to be form hilda. 104. Plebejus saepiolus rufescens (Boisduval) (435 form) Rufescent Blue This is a dark female form of saepiolus and is rare. Only one specimen of record has ever been taken in this County, on Palomar Mountain several years ago. However, it is likely to occur at any time wherever saepiolus is found. 105. Plebejus saepiolus hilda (Grinnell) (435b) Hilda Blue A relatively rare race found only in the southern part of Cali- fornia at high elevations. Palomar Mountain produced the speciinens in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History and they were taken at Bailey's in July. Wright— Butterflies of San Diego County 29 106. Plebejus icarioides ab. daedalus (Behr) (438 ab.) Daedalus Blue A comparatively rare form of the typical species. The writer has taken it at Dulzura. It is very likely that it may occur through the higher elevations in this County. 107. Plebejus icarioides evius (Boisduval) (438b) Evius Blue Frequently found in the mountains in considerable numbers. Very plentiful on the Lagunas during June, 1926, where it was found fre- quently on the blooms of the lupine. 108. Plebejus pheres (Boisduval) (440) Pheres Blue Examples are in the collection of George H. Field bearing pheres label that were taken on Cuyamaca Mountain in the vicinity of Cuya- maca Lake. 109. Plebejus acmon (Westwood 6? Hewitson) (442) AcMON Blue One of the earliest and latest of our Blues. Abundant everywhere. Has many varieties due to elevation, flora and climate. 110. Plebejus acmon cottlei (Grinnell) (442a) Cottle's Blue This is a spring form of acmon in which the orange band on the secondaries is somewhat wider than in typical acmon and the blue of the upperside is richer in tint. The ground color beneath is a darker grey than in typical acmon. A series from near Henshaw Dam taken in early spring is thus designated. HI. Plebejus acmon ab. kelseyi W. S. Wright new aberration Kelsey's Blue The description of aberrations we believe is not to be encouraged to any great extent, but when a form appears that seemingly has no ex- plainable reason for being, one feels fairly safe in adding a new name. Such is the case here. 30 San Diego Society of Natural History The specimen under ccnsideration was taken along witS a large series of perfectly normal examples. It has an expanse of only 16.5 mm. In color above, it is a normal male with only a trace of the orange red color on the secondaries (probably due to the remarkably small size) and with the black spots much reduced. Beneath, all wings are light gray and immaculate but for a normal row of black dots near the margin, a discal, elongated transverse dash and the apical dot on pri- maries twinned. The row of dots on the secondaries is normal, with supplementary minute dots in the space between veins 4 and 3 and at the apex. The most prominent feature of this form is the immaculism of the underside of the wings. The form approaches labecula Watson and W. P. Comstock, an aberration of cottlei. I have given it the name of kelseyi as a courtesy to my friend, Prof. F. W. Kelsey, who has presented me with many interesting speci- mens in all orders. 112. Plebejus monticola (Clemence) (444) Clemence's Blue Dr. J. A. Comstock makes this species a form of acmon, but I am holding to the classification of Barnes and Benjamin. It is fairly com- mon in the higher elevations throughout the County, characterized by large size and lustrous quality of the blue. An interesting capture at any time. in. Philotes battoides Bernardino Barnes 6? McDunnough (448b) San Bernardino Blue Bernardino is very common throughout the County during June and July. It is fond of the flowers of the wild buckwheat (Eriogonum) . There seem to be several local varieties, some of which may deserve names when further collections bring enough specimens together to render close study possible. 114. Philotes sonorensis (Felder and Felder) (454) SoNORA Blue Not a common insect in this County although, when located, a colony may consist of many hundreds of individuals. Point Loma, in the vicinity of the Bennington Monument, supports a colony, and other Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 31 smaller ones are to be found at La Jolla and near Encanto. It is an exquisite little insect and may be considered a prize well worth a long, hard trip. 115. Phaedrotes piasus (Boisduval) (455) Arrow-head Blue "Butterflies of the West Coast" figures this species as sagittigera and it doubtless rests in many collections under this name. The only records for this County are from a point about three miles west of Hen- shaw Dam, in the San Luis Rey River Valley, where it was found feeding on a species of lupine. 116. Glaucopsyche lygdamus australis Grinnell (456e) Southern Blue This beautiful insect may usually be found in March in the can- yons near San Diego. The males are deep blue above, the females more or less dark brown on the outer third of the wings. Beneath they are gray, with a series of small black spots encircled with white. It is also common among the foothills in early spring. SUPERFAMILY HESPERIOIDEA Family HESPERIIDAE Subfamily URBANINAE 117. Polygonus lividus arizonensis (Skinner) (464a) Skinner's Arizona Skipper John C. Fortiner has three specimens of this interesting species taken several years ago on lantana bushes in Balboa Park, San Diego. We have never seen it in this County, but there is no reason why it should not occur in abundance. 118. Epargyreus tityrus (Fabricius) (467) Silver-spotted Skipper Rather rare in this County but has been taken in the City and at Henshaw Dam. It is a rapid flier and difficult to capture. 32 San Diego Society of Natural History 119. Goniurus proteus (Linnaeus) (469) Long-tailed Skipper Proteus makes its appearance in the City periodically. It is com- mon about gardens when it is to be found. Never abundant. The larvae feed on beans, hence it may be of economic importance. 120. Thorybes mexicana (Herrick-Schaeffer) (488) Mexican Dusky-wing A fairly good series of this Skipper was taken on Laguna Moun- tains during June, 1926. It is probably found also in other places of similar elevation. 121. Urbanus ruralis (Boisduval) (498) Two-banded Skipper One specimen taken on Palomar Mountain in July seems to repre- sent this species. It is, however, somewhat lighter in color than more northerly captures. 122. Urbanus tessellata occidentalis (Skinner) (503a) Western Checkered Skipper A very common Skipper occurring throughout the County from tide-water to mountain top at all times of the year except during the winter months. 123. Urbanus ericetorum (Boisduval) (505) Large White Skipper While the collector naturally looks for this active fellow only in the higher altitudes of the County, it is not uncommon at sea level. There has been a considerable colony in Mahogany Canyon on the eastern edge of the City for a number of years. 124. Antigonus pulverulenta (R. Felder) (509) Powdered Skipper Frank Stephens has taken examples of this species at La Puerta on the western edge of the desert in March. Not cominon at any point where known. Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 33 125. Pholisora libya (Scudder) (512) MojAVE Sooty-wing It is not uncommon to take libya during March on the edge of the desert. La Puerta is a good place to look for it. 126. Pholisora catullus (Fabricius) (513) Sooty-wing A few specimens were taken at the west entrance to San Felipe Rancho in the early spring of 1926. This is a very widely distributed species, occurring in practically all temperate regions of North America. 127. Erynnis lacustra (W. G. Wright) (526) Wright's Dusky- wing John C. Fortiner tells me he has taken lacustra in some numbers on the Laguna Mountains at an elevation of approximately 6000 ft. Dr. J. A. Comstock states in "Butterflies of California" that it is recorded from widely separated areas of high altitudes in the south; so it should occur here. 128. Erynnis persius afranius (Lintner) (528a) Afranius Dusky-wing Very abundant in the higher altitudes about damp locations. Occurs sparingly in the vicinity of San Diego, principally in Mission Valley. 129. Erynnis juvenalis (Fabricius) (531) Juvenal's Dusky-wing Dr. Comstock states, in "Butterflies of California," that there is some doubt as to the occurrence of juvenalis in California, but the writer has taken it (identified by the late Dr. Henry Skinner) in almost every association in San Diego County. 130. Erynnis propertius (Scudder 6? Burgess) (532) Propertius Dusky-wing The Dusky-wings are very difficult to separate, so that microscopic anatomical diagnosis is alinost necessary for correct determination. A 34 San Diego Society of Natural History long series of the previous species is sure to show some individuals that answer to the description of the present one, so it is included here. George H. Field has it from Volcan Mountain taken in July and identified by the late Dr. Henry Skinner. 131. Erynnis tristis (Boisduval) (538) Mournful Dusky-wing We have made no microscopic anatomical studies among the Skip- pers, hence no positive identifications are given. San Diego County is included in the general region inhabited by tristis, and we have examples that answer in a superficial way, at least, to this species, so it is here included. 132. Erynnis funeralis (Scudder &' Burgess) (539) Funereal Dusky-wing The species of Dusky-wing having a white fringe on the secondaries that is taken in San Diego and immediate vicinity is undoubtedly funeralis. It is fairly abundant from early spring to late summer. Subfamily HESPERIINAE 133. Copaeodes aurantiaca (Hewitson) (552) F^ewitson's Skipper It is said that this species frequents the desert areas, but it may be found almost anywhere in the County. Specimens have been taken at tide-water and also at an elevation of 6000 ft. It is not common any- where. 134. Pseudocopaeodes eunus (Edwards) (554) Eunus Skipper A colony of this species exists at Jacumba and may be taken there during July and August. Specimens in our collection were collected by J. D. Gunder on a species of aster growing in a meadow close to the international boundary. The writer took a single specimen in the same locality the year following Mr. Gunder's captures. Probably a very rare species in this County. Wright — Butterflies of San Diego County 35 135. Hesperia Columbia (Scudder) (565) Columbia Skipper George H. Field obtained examples of this species from San Miguel Mountain, April 15, 1914. The collection was made near Cockatoo Grove. 136. Hesperia juba (Scudder) (569) JuBA Skipper This species, together with other near relatives, is a puzzle to the amateur and likely to give a lot of trouble. Examples in the collection of George H. Field have been given this name by experts, so we include it in our list. It is a common resident of the higher altitudes in July. 137. Hesperia viridis (Edwards) (571) Green Skipper This is in the same class with the preceding species and may give some difficulty in identification. However, it is common in the Laguna Mountains and should be found at all similar elevations throughout the County. 138. Hylephila phylaeus (Drury) (582) Fiery Skipper In San Diego this is the most abundant of all the Skippers. Every grass patch teems with them during the summer. 139. Ochlodes sylvanoides (Boisduval) (583) Woodland Skipper We have a very good series taken on the Laguna Mountains during June, 1926, and there is no doubt that it occurs on the mountains and higher hills to the north as well. A single specimen was captured in Balboa Park in 1928. 140. Ochlodes nemorum (Boisduval) (584) Forest Skipper Nemorum occurs in the same association as the preceding species and has been taken in the City of San Diego. 36 San Diego Society of Natural History 141. Polites sabuleti (Boisduval) (596) Sandhill Skipper A very common Skipper on lawns throughout the City and in grassy spots in canyons leading into Mission Valley. It probably occurs in favorable localities in the back country. 142. Polites sabuleti comstocki Gunder (596b) Desert Sandhill Skipper To quote from "Butterflies of California" by Dr. John Adams Comstock : This is "a desert race of sabuleti. In this fonn the spots and light yellow streaks on the underside of the secondaries are so faint as to give the appearance of a clear yellow surface." Mr. Gunder tells me that he has taken it at Jacumba in this County. 143. Atalopedes campestris (Boisduval) (599) Field Skipper The males of this species are distinguished by the presence of a large oval black gland on the disk of the primaries. Common about low, swampy places in the mountains. 144. Atrytone vestris (Boisduval) (605) Dun Skipper A specimen of this species rests in George H. Field's collection, having been captured at the "head of Potrero grade," near Potrero. 145. Lerodea eufala (Edwards) (650) EuFALA Skipper This species has been recorded from San Diego County at the foot of Cottonwood grade. More plentiful along the edge of the desert. 146. Prenes errans (Skinner) (658) Wandering Skipper A very common Skipper along the water-front from San Diego to San Onofre in July and August. Family MEGATHYMIDAE 147. Megathymus yuccae navajo Skinner (660b) Navajo Skipper ' A race of M. yuccae has been taken sparingly in Mahogany Can- Wright— Butterflies of San Diego County 57 yon on the eastern edge of the City and it may occur in other parts of the County, since its food plant— one of the yuccas — is abundant throughout this region. We beheve this to be the race navajo. 148. Megathymus Stephens! Skinner (669) Stephens' Skipper A rare butterfly in collections, but rather abundant in its habitat near La Puerta on the edge of the desert. It is on the wing from July to October and is very difficult to capture because of its rapid, darting flight. Species and Forms of Possible Occurrence But Not Yet of Record Pieris rapae novangliae (Scudder) (3 Sab.) Tinted Cabbage White While this form has never been recorded from California it may appear at any time in our higher altitudes. Specimens that approach it in depth of the yellow tinting on the upper surface have been taken in this County. Euchloe creusa lotta Beutenmuller (40c) Southern Marble This form has been reported from the Coachella Valley and it would seem that it might occur in similar habitat in the northeastern part of this County. Cercyonis silvestris paulus (Edwards) (116a) Little Satyr The dominant Cercyonis in this region is silvestris, but through errors in identification years ago, it has been rather widely distributed as paulus, which is only a race of silvestris and is said not to occur here. Specimens approaching this race may be taken in this County. Euptoieta hegesia (Cramer) (1^0) Mexican Fritillary This is a Mexican species and has never been taken in California. However, our proximity to the border makes for many possibilities, so that collectors should be on the lookout for it. 38 San Diego Society op Natural History Euphydryas chalcedona (Doubleday ^ Hewitson) (204) ab. fusimacula (Barnes) ab. suprafusa J. A. Comstock ab. fusisecunda J. A. Comstock ab. mariana (Barnes) ab. supranigrella J. A. Comstock ab. hemimelanica J. A. Comstock ab. omniluteofuscus Gunder ab. hemiluteofuscus Gunder All of the above named aberrations of the Chalcedon Checker-spot have been given appropriate EngUsh names by Dr. J. A. Comstock in his recent book. No localities are given for their occurrence but, since the typical species is common in this County and since its habitat here is subject to temperature and altitudinal changes that are likely to pro- duce such varied forms in a species so plastic as chalcedona, we may expect to find one or more of these aberrations here at any time. Euphydryas quino augusta (Edwards) (209) Augusta Checker-spot For many years the editha of this County was known and distri- buted as augusta, but recent publications have restricted the latter to the San Bernardino region. However, we have a feeling that close collecting in the higher altitudes bordering the desert may reveal a colony of this comparatively rare form. Melitaea gabbii (Behr) (225) ab. newcombi (J. A. Comstock) ab. gunderi (J. A. Comstock) ab. pasadenae (Gunder) None of these aberrations have so far been taken in this County, but there is reason to believe that one or more of them may turn up at any time, since gabbii is one of the most abundant Checker-spots found here. Melitaea leanira wrightii (Edwards) (237) ab. cerrita (W.G.Wright) ab. carolynae (Gunder) These two aberrations of Wright's Checker-spot may occur at any time, so collectors should be on the lookout for them. Wright— Butterflies of San Diego County 39 Phyciodes campestris (Behr) (2') 3) Field Crescent According to Dr. J. A. Comstock this species occurs in all parts of the State, hence it should occur here. Collectors are asked to keep a sharp lookout for examples in moist mountain meadows. Chlosyne lacinia (Geyer) (265) Bordered Patch Dr. Comstock tells us that this species does not occur in typical form north of the Mexican line. The specimens that are occasionally taken in Imperial Valley and adjacent desert areas are probably C. /. adjutrix Scudder. Crocale has been taken at La Puerta and since the species is a very plastic one, lacinia itself might occur on the eastern edge of the County. The following color forms are also likely to occur — rujescens (Edwards) and nigrescens (Cockerell). Chlosyne calif ornica ab. chinoi Gunder (266 ab.) Chino Patch This form was collected at Palm Springs not very far north of San Diego County and might also occur in this County, since similar con- ditions prevail in the northeast corner. Libythea bachmanii Kirtland (323) Snout Butterfly Not yet recorded from this County, but has been taken in Imperial County and may be discovered in the Laguna Mountain district. Apodemia mormo (Felder and Felder) (324) Mormon Metal-mark At least one good race of this species has been recorded in this County — virgulti (Behr) — and there are two more that may turn up at any time, nainely: mejicanus (Behr), near the Mexican border, and deserti Barnes &: McDunnough in the desert areas on the eastern edge of the County. Strymon saepium (Boisduval) (375) Hedge-row Hair-streak At least two good forms of this species have been recorded. •'' Comstock, J. A., op. at., p. 162. 40 San Diego Society of Natural History Chlorophora Watson &: W. P. Comstock is known to occur here and, while there are no definite records of the typical species in this region, there seems to be no good reason why it should not be found. The form fiihescens (Henry Edwards) may also occur here. The points of difference are well shown on Plate 49 of Comstock's "Butterflies of California." Mitoura siva juniperaria J. A. Comstock (380a) Juniper Hair-streak Specimens approaching this race have been taken in the juniper belt and there seem to be possibilities worth investigation along the eastern edge of the County. Tharsalea arota (Boisduval) (402) Arota Copper Arota is found in practically all parts of the State and should be found here. If it is, it may prove to be the race T. nubila J. A. Com- stock, which is described as the southern form of Arota. Heodes xanthoides luctuosa (Watson 6?^ W. P. Comstock) (407 form) Mourning-garbed Copper While this race was named from specimens collected in the central part of the State — Tehachapi Pass — it may also occur in the higher altitudes of San Diego County. Philotes sonorensis ab. sonoralba Watson 6^ W. P. Comstock (454ab.) Philotes sonorensis comstocki Gunder (454 form) Both these insects are likely to occur here. The variations from typical sonorensis are well shown in figures on Plate 56, "Butterflies of California," Comstock. Poanes melane (Edwards) (617) Umber Skipper Further collecting in the wooded areas of the County may produce this species. It is known to be common in parts of southern California. Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 50 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask. by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 50 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, Nov., 1914. Pp. 1-60 60 cents A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California by E. P. Van Duzee In Memoriam — Henry Hemphill. Vol. II, No. 2, 1916. Pp. 61-76 25 cents The Variation Exhibited by Ancistrodon halys (Pallas), A Pit- Viper Inhabiting the Far East. by Joseph C. Thompson Vol. II, No. 3, 1916. Pp. 77-102 25 cents Excursion Impressions by Frank Stephens, Forrest Shreve, F. B. Sumner, J. Grinnell, Geo. D. Louderback. Vol III, No. 1, July 20, 1917. Pp. 1-142 $1.40 Palaeozoic Crustacea — The publications and notes on the genera and species during the past twenty years, 1895-1917 by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. Ill, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1919. Pp. 1-40 40 cents An Annotated List of the Birds of San Diego County, California..by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 3, April 20, 1921. Pp. 41-56 25 cents An Ajinotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 4, April 20, 1921. Pp. 57-69 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. IV, No. 1, 1924. Pp. 1-158, plates 1, 2 $1.60 Palaeozoic Crustacea. Part I — Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II — ^List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilobita Part III — Historical Summary of the Ordovician Genus Cybele Loven by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. Pp. 1-10, plate 1 25 cents A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, with Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Region. by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 2, July 14, 1927. Pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 35 cents Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, with the Description of a New Woodpecker from that Locality by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 3, March 15, 1927. Pp. 41-44 15 cents Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California by William S. Wright Vol. V, No. 4, March 15, 1927. Pp. 45-64, plates 4-6..... 30 cents Foramtnifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California. by Joseph A. Cushman and Marcus A. Hanna Vol. V, No. 5, July 6, 1927. Pp. 65-68 „ 15 cents A New Kangaroo Rat and a New Brush Rabbit from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 6, July 28, 1927. Pp. 69-82, plates 7, 8 25 cents Late Tertiary and Quaternary Elphidiums of the West Coast of North America by Joseph A. Cushman and U. S. Grant, IV. Vol. V, No. 7, October 10, 1927. Pp. 83-86 15 cents A New Louisiana Heron and a New Round-tailed Ground Squirrel from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 8, January 18, 1928. Pp. 87-90 15 cents A New Silky Pocket Mouse and a New Pocket Gopher from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 9, Feb. 29, 1928. Pp. 91-94 15 cents West Coast Species of Hinnites by Hoyt Rodney Gale Vol. V, No. 10, March 31, 1928. Pp. 95-182, plates 9-21..... $1.00 Notes on the Vaqueros and Temblor Formations of the California Miocene with Descriptions of New Species by Lionel William Wiedey Vol. V, No. 11, April 28, 1928. Pp. 183-194, plates 22, 23 25 cents The Trimorphodon (Lyre Snake) of California, with Notes on the Species of the Adjacent Areas by Laurence M. Klauber Vol. V, No. 12, April 28, 1928. Pp. 195-202, plate 24 „ -...25 cents A New Echinoid from the California Eocene by Hubert G. Schenck VoL V, No. 13, September 1, 1928. Pp. 203-210, plates 25, 26 25 cents A New Fox from the Cape Region of Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 14, February 27, 1929. Pp. 211-240, plates 27-30, figs. 1-10 50 cents Discocyclina in California - by Hubert G. Schenck Vol. V, No. 15, February 27, 1929. Pp. 241-244 15 cents A New Pocket Gopher and a New Aiitelope Ground Squirrel from Lower California, Mexico ~ - —.by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V. No. 16, August 5, 1929. Pp. 245-256, fig. 1 25 cents Notes on the Marine Pleistocene Deposits of San Diego County, California. by Frank Stephens Vol. V, No. 17, August 5, 1929. Pp. 257-262, plate 31 25 cents A New Miocene Echinoid from California. by Hubert Lyman Clark Vol. V, No. 18, August 5, 1929. Pp. 263-282, plates 32-33, figs. I-9..._ 50 cents Loliolopsis Chiroctes, a New Genus and Species of Squid from the Gulf of California. by S. Stillman Berry Vol. V, No. 19, December 10, 1929. Pp. 283-286 _ 15 cents A New Pacific Race of Gull-Billed Tern _ „ by Griffing Bancroft Vol. V, No. 20, December 31, 1929. Pp. 287-296, plate 34 25 cents Fossil Diatoms Dredged from Bering Sea by G. Dallas Hanna Vol. VI, No. 1, February 28, 1930. Pp. 1-40 40 cents An Annotated List of the Butterflies of San Diego County, California by Williams. Wright Vol. VI, No. 2, February 28, 1930. Pp. 41-94, plates 1-8, chart 60 cents Tertiary Foraminifera From Humboldt County, California. A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna by Joseph A. Cushman and Roscoe E. and Katherine C. Stewart Vol. VI, No. 3, February 28, 1930. Pp. 95-144, plates 9-12, map 50 cents New and Renamed Subspecies of Crotalus Confluentus Say, With Remarks on Related Species by Laurence M. Klauber at^i^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 2, pp. 41-94, plates 1-8, chart TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna BY Joseph A. Cushman Cushman Laboratory for Forarttiniferal Research AND RoscoE E. & Katherine C. Stewart Ventura, California SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society February 28, 1930 San Diego Society of Natural History BOARD OF DIRECTORS, 1930 Joseph W. Sefton, Jr President Fred Baker Vice-President John W. Snyder Secretary-Treasurer Clinton G. Abbott Laurence M. Klauber W. C. Crandall Miss Alice Lee U. S. Grant, IV Milton A. McRae Ralph E. Jennev Julius Wangenheim MUSEUM STAFF Clinton G. Abbott Director William S. Wright County Supervisor of Nature Study and Curator of Insects Frank Stephens Curator Emeritus Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals A. M. Ingersoll Curator of Birds' Eggs Laurence M. Klauber Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians U. S. Grant, IV Curator in Paleontology Mrs. Kate Stephens Curator of Mollusks and Marine Invertebrates Miss F. G. Woodcock Curator of Plants Miss Lillian Buss Secretary to the Director Miss Alice W. Barlow Librarian Carroll De Wilton Scott Nature Guide Samuel G. Harter Assistant, Bird and Mammal Department M. Amburgey In Charge of County Fruit Exhibit George H. Stenberg Custodian TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 2, pp. 41-94, plates 1-8, chart TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna BY Joseph A. Cushman Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research AND RoscoE E. &c Katherine C. Stewart Ventura, California SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society February 28, 1930 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor TERTIARY FORAMINIFERA FROM HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna BY Joseph A. Cushman and Roscoe E. & Katherine C. Stewart INTRODUCTION The material for this paper represents only a small part of a large collection made by the junior authors during a six months period spent in Humboldt County during 1927 in the interests of the Chanslor- Canfield Midway Oil Company. The paper itself is a preliminary survey of the fauna from 48 scattered localities preparatory to a much more detailed and inclusive study of Humboldt County Tertiary Foraminifera which we now have in preparation. The recorded Tertiary of Humboldt County is represented by scattered patches which lie in troughs formed by folding and faulting in beds whose age is generally considered to be not younger than Cretaceous. The largest of these patches covers an area of some 350 square miles in the vicinity of the lower courses of the Eel and Van Duzen rivers, and extends northward from the north flank of Bear River Ridge to the northern arm of Humboldt Bay. Structurally it is a broad syn- cline whose axis passes approximately through the mouth of Eel River and the town of Fortuna, with perhaps some faulting and folding to the north in the vicinity of Salmon Creek, Elk River and Freshwater Creek, and to the east in the vicinity of T. 1 N., R. 2 E. Lawson^ applied the name "Wildcat Series" to the beds in this area due to their typical development in the Wildcat country between Ferndale and Bear River Ridge. The remaining Tertiary patches consist of small outliers in the vicinities of Bear River, Davis Creek, Domingos Creek, McNutt Gulch, Mattole River, Redwood Creek and Briceland, South Fork of Eel River near Garberville, Hoagland Creek south of Bridgeville, Mad River, 1 Lawson, a. C, The Geomorphogeny of the Coast of Northern California; Univ. Calif. Pubi. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 1, p. 255, 1894. 44 San Diego Society of Natural History Jacoby Creek, Big Lagoon, Prairie Creek and Gold Bluff, and at a few other places. The samples used here were taken from the large Tertiary area first described and from the vicinities of Bear River, Domingos Creek and Redwood Creek. Quite a number of species were found in this material in addition to those which we have recorded, but they are repre- sented by either too few or too poor specimens for satisfactory deter- mination, or else belong to groups in which determination will have to be preceded by much more work with type material. In order to avoid the cumbersomeness of having the names of triple authors attached to specific names, the authorship of the species named in this paper is divided as follows: Nodosaria parexilis Cushman 8C K. C. Stewart, Bidimina subcalva Cushman & K. C. Stewart, Bulimina subacuminata Cushman & R. E. Stewart, Globorotalia crassula Cushman & R. E. Stewart. In the species distribution chart, inserted at page 79, the following abbreviations are used as indicated: VR — very rare, R — rare, C — com- mon, A — abundant, VA — very abundant, Plio. — Pliocene, Mio. — Mio- cene. In the case of stations 34 and 35, the Pliocene age indicated by the foraminifera is questioned pending further field examination, due to the fact that these two stations appear to be stratigraphically lower than stations 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 in the synclinal trough which marks the vicinity of the mouth of Bear River. The foraminifera suggest a fault between these two stations and the five to the south whose ages are clearly Miocene, but no such fault was noted at the time the samples were taken, although dips ranging from 60^ to 78° were noted in Tertiary beds in the vicinity of these two stations while those measured to the south were much less. The fauna from station 48 is considered too small to justify an age determination. The following two lists give the species which in our material are restricted to the Pliocene and Miocene respectively. In the Pliocene list those species which occur in the material from stations 34 and 35 but not in that from the five Miocene stations (36 to 40) are preceded by interrogation points pending the determination of the age status of these two stations. Species which, in the material exaroined for this paper, are confined to the Pliocene: Cyclammina cancellata H. B. Brady Textularia cf. abbreviata d'Orbigny CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera ^15 Textularia flintii Cushman Verneuilina scabra (Williamson) Gaudryina triangularis Cushman Clavulina communis d'Orbigny C. communis d'Orbigny, var. pallida Cushman Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny Sigmoilina celata (Costa) Robulus nikobarensis (Schwager) Planularia sp. (PI. 2, fig. 6) Dentalina insecta (Schwager) D. sp. (PI. 2, figs. 11 & 12) Nodosaria brevicula Schwager N. deceptoria Schwager N. insecta Schwager N. parexilis Cushman fii K. C. Stewart N. sp. (PI. 3, fig. 2) N. sp. (PI. 3, fig. 3) N. tosta Schwager Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny Frondicularia foliacea Schwager Lagena acuticosta Reuss L. foveolata Reuss L. hexagona (Williamson) L. hexagona (Williamson), var. scalariformis Williamson L. substriata Williamson L. sulcata (Walker & Jacob) L. williamsoni (Alcock) Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman Nonion umbilicatula (Montagu) Nonionella miocenica Cushman Elphidium hannai Cushman & Grant E. hughesi Cushman & Grant E. oregonense Cushman 8C Grant Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman 8C R. E. Stewart (?) Nodogenerina lepidula (Schwager) Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) Bulimina inflata Seguenza B. pagoda Cushman B. rostrata H. B. Brady (?) (?) B. subacuminata Cushman & R. E. Stewart B. subcalva Cushman & K. C. Stewart Bolivina subadvena Cushman B. subadvena Cushman, var. spissa Cushman 46 San Diego Society of Natural History (?) Uvigerina peregrina Cushman (?) U. peregrina Cushman, var. bradyana Cushman U. proboscidea Schwager U. senticosa Cushman Angulogerina carinata Cushman A. hughesi (Galloway & Wissler) Ellipsolagena apiculata (Reuss) (?) Valvulineria araucana (d'Orbigny) Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny Eponides ornata (d'Orbigny) E. peruviana (d'Orbigny) E. tenera (H. B. Brady) CassiduHna californica Cushman 8C Hughes C. corbyi Cushman &: Hughes (?) C. limbata Cushman SC Hughes C. subglobosa H. B. Brady C subglobosa H. B. Brady, var. quadrata Cushman 8C Hughes Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny) Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny Globigerina inflata d'Orbigny G. conglomerata Schwager Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, var. Globorotalia crassula Cushman 6C R. E. Stewart (?) Planulina ornata (d'Orbigny) Cibicides cicatricosa (Schwager) Species which, in the material examined for this paper, are confined to the Miocene : Robulus americanus Cushman, var. spinosus Cushman Nodosaria koina Schwager Nonion incisa (Cushman) Plectofrondicularia miocenica Cushman Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman Bolivina advena Cushman B. imbricata Cushman Uvigerinella californica Cushman, var. ornata Cushman Siphogenerina branneri (Bagg) S. hughesi Cushman Pulvinulinella subperuviana Cushman The maps generally available for geological work in Humboldt County are not as good as might be desired, but several furnished by Mr. Frank E. Herrick of Eureka from his personal files give parts of the country in excellent detail, and the Tactical Maps and Progressive Military Maps of the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, and Belcher's CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera 47 Pocket Map of Humboldt County, California, Belcher Abstract and Title Company, Eureka, California, proved exceedingly helpful. A partial list of published literature bearing upon the Humboldt County Tertiary follows: Lawson, a. C, The Geomorphogeny of the Coast of Northern Califor- nia, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 1, no. 8, 1894. DiLLER, J. S., Topographic Development of the Klamath Mountains, U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. 196, 1902. Stalder, Walter, Notes on Geology and Oil Possibilities of Humboldt County, Calif., Calif. State Min. Bur. Bull. 69, pp. 444-454, 1914. Harmon, A. K. P., Jr., Geology and Oil Possibilities, Eel River Valley, Humboldt County, op. cit., pp. 455-459. Martin, Bruce, The Pliocene of Middle and Northern California, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol, vol. 9, no. 15, 1916. Smith, J. P., The Geological Formations of California with Reconnais- sance Geologic Map, Calif. State Min. Bur. Bull. 72, 1916. Vander Leck, Laurence, Petroleum Resources of California, Calif. State Min. Bur. Bull. 89, pp. 40-43, 1921. Hoots, H. W., Oil Possibilities and Survey of Oil and Gas Exploration in S. W. Humboldt County, Calif., The Oil Age, vol. XXV, no. 3, Mar. 1928. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgement is due Mr. F. C. Ripley, Manager of the Chans- lor-Canfield Midway Oil Company, for permission for one of the junior authors to take part in the publication of this paper. Invaluable assistance in connection with the field work was given by Mr. Frank E. Herrick of Eureka. Through his many years of experi- ence as County Surveyor and as surveyor and civil engineer for many large lumber and railroad interests, Mr. Herrick has acquired a most intimate knowledge of the whole Humboldt County territory, as well as a surprising familiarity with the fossil localities and the types of geological formations to be found in numerous out-of-the-way parts of the county. He has also been a leading spirit in the attempt to develop Humboldt County's oil resources and knows the history of that attempt from beginning to end. His assistance in the field has enabled us to locate the stations in the mountainous and heavily timbered country from which a large number of our samples came with an accuracy which would otherwise have been impossible. Mr. Norman Graham of Areata, Mr. Fred Kay of Eureka and Mr. L. J. Stone of Waddington, who, like Mr. Herrick, are well acquainted with various parts of the 48 San Diego Society of Natural History county and interested in its development, also gave valuable assistance in connection with the field work. The careful work of Miss Margaret S. Moore in making drawings from selected specimens of most of the species, as well as that of Mr. R. P. Osborn of Redondo Beach, California, in numbering and lettering the plates and species distribution chart, is greatly appreciated. SAMPLED LOCALITIES Townships and Ranges refer to Humboldt Base and Meridian. Sta. 1 Charley Hill Gulch (Branch of Ryan's Slough). Center of W. -| sec. 5, T. 4 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 2 Freshwater Creek 50 yds. below mouth of Cloney Gulch, sec. 3, T. 4 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 3 Freshwater Creek just below mouth of Cloney Gulch, NW. -4- SE. -4- sec. 3, T. 4 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 4 Freshwater Creek at swimming pool between mouths of Graham and Cloney gulches, sec. 3, T. 4 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 5 Freshwater Creek 75 yds. upstream from mouth of Graham Gulch, SE. i sec. 3, T 4 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 6 Elk River, NW. i sec. 26, T. 4 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 7 Diggings for spring near house above North Fork of Elk River about 30 yds. W. of center of sec. 30, T. 4 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 8 North Fork of Elk River, NW. corner, NE. i sec. 32, T. 4 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 9 South Fork of Elk River, 200 yds. downstream from Falk railroad bridge, sec. 36, T. 4 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 10 South Fork of Elk River, 150 yds. downstream from Falk railroad bridge, sec. 36, T. 4 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 11 South Fork of Elk River, west side of Falk mill pond, SE. -|- sec. 36, T. 4 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 12 Little South Fork of Elk River, SW. 1 sec. 5, T. 3 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 13 Below lighthouse at west end of Table Bluff, elev. 40', sec. 27, T. 4 N., R. 2 W. Sta. 14 Salmon Creek near west line of NW. i sec. 10, T. 3 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 15 Salmon Creek near center of sec. 10, T. 3 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 16 Salmon Creek near center of NW. i sec. 14, T. 3 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 17 Salmon Creek, SE. i SW. i sec. 13, T. 3 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 18 Salmon Creek, SE. i SW. i sec. 13, T. 3 N., R. 1 W., about 100 yds. downstream from Sta. 17. Sta. 19 Salmon Creek, center of sec. 13, T. 3 N., R. 1 W. CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 49 Sta. 20 Strong's Creek, about 100 yds. below fork at west side of sec. 31, T. 3 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 21 Strong's Creek, SE. i sec. 31, T. 3 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 22 Strong's Creek, SE. i sec. 31, T. 3 N., R. 1 E., 50 yds. upstream from Sta. 21. Sta. 23 Cliffs along coast, NE. i sec. 26, T. 2 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 24 Price Creek at intersection with east line of sec. 28, T. 2 N., R. 1 W. Sta. 25 Scotia Bluffs railroad cut above Eel River at about N. line of SE. i sec. 5, T. 1 N., R. 1 E. Sta. 26 Scotia Bluffs railroad cut about 10 ft. stratigraphically below Sta. 25. Sta. 27 Scotia Bluffs railroad cut 120 yds. southward from Sta. 25. Sta. 28 Scotia Bluffs railroad cut 160 yds. southward from Sta. 25. Sta. 29 Scotia Bluffs railroad cut 200 yds. southward from Sta. 25. Sta. 30 Scotia Bluffs railroad cut 400 yds. southward from Sta. 25. Sta. 31 Scotia Bluffs railroad cut 425 yds. southward from Sta. 25. Sta. 32 Van Duzen River, sec. 9, T. 1 N., R. 2 E. Sta. 33 Van Duzen River, SW. side of Carlotta-Bridgeville highway at NW. end of bridge, north line of sec. 16, T. 1 N., R. 2 E. Sta. 34 Small stream in sec. 11, T. 1 N., R. 3 W., 60 yds. upstream from mouth. Sta. 35 Small stream in sec. 11, T. 1 N., R. 3 W., 100 yds. upstream from mouth. Sta. 36 Cliffs along coast, NW. i sec. 22, T. 1 N., R. 3 W. Sta. 37 Bear River near center sec. 14, T. 1 N., R. 3 W. Sta. 38 Bear River 10 yds. downstream from Sta. 37. Sta. 39 Bear River near center of N. line of NW. i sec. 19, T. 1 N., R. 2 W. Sta. 40 Bear River, near center of S. line of sec. 18, T. 1 N., R. 2 W. Sta. 41 Bear River, NW. |- sec. 20, T. 1 N., R. 2 W. Sta. 42 Bear River, NE. i sec. 20; T. 1 N., R. 2 W. Sta. 43 Near mouth of South Fork of Bear River at the crossing of the road up Bear River. Sta. 44 South Fork of Bear River, 200 yds. upstream from crossing of road up Bear River. Near line between sections 21 & 22, T. 1 N., R. 2 W. Sta. 45 Domingos Creek, 250 yds. upstream from highway, sec. 24, T. 1 S., R. 3 W. Sta. 46 Domingos Creek, 460 yds. upstream from highway, sec. 24, T. 1 S., R. 3 W. Sta. 47 Domingos Creek, 475 yds. upstream from highway, sec. 24, T. 1 S., R. 3 W. Sta. 48 Redwood Creek, near old tanbark extractor I mile downstream from Briceland, sec. 18, T. 4 S., R. 3 E. 50 San Diego Society of Natural History LIST OF SPECIES Family LITUOLIDAE Subfamily Lituolinae Genus CYCLAMMINA H. B. Brady, 1876 Cyclammina cancellata H. B. Brady "Nautiloid Lituola" W. B. Carpenter, The Microscope, ed. 5, 1875, p. 536, fTgs.274d-c. Cyclammina cancellata H. B. Brady, (M. S.) in Norman, Proc. Roy. Soc, vol. 25, 1876, p. 214.— Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1920, p. 53, pi. 10, figs. 4, 5; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 136. There are a few large specimens that are similar in general char- acters to those already recorded from the West Coast of America in the last reference given above. The specimens are mostly white in color, and over 3 mm. in length. Some of them show evidences of crushing and distortion. Family TEXTULARIIDAE Subfamily Textulariinae Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824 Textularia cf. abbreviata d'Orbigny Plate 1, figure 3 Test short and broad, compressed; periphery acute, broadening rapidly from the pointed initial end giving a broadly triangular form in front view; chambers few, not inflated; sutures distinct, only slightly depressed; wall coarsely arenaceous but smoothly finished, apertural end flattened or even slightly concave; aperture, a narrow slit at the inner margin of the chamber. This form has already been recorded from the West Coast of America (Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 136). The same form is figured here. It is very close to d'Orbigny's species. Textularia flintii Cushman Plate 1, figures \ a,b Textularia jlintii Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1911, p. 21, figs. 36 a, b (in text). Textularia agglutinans Flint (part) (not d'Orbigny), Ann. Rept. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 284, pi. 20, fig. 4 (part). CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera 51 Textularia rugosa Bagg (not Reuss), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 131. Test triangular in front view, irregularly rhombic in end view, rapidly increasing in size from the early portion, rather thick, but some- what compressed laterally; chambers numerous, low and broad, in- flated; sutures distinct, fairly deep; wall very finely arenaceous but smooth and shining; aperture, an elongate slit slightly above the base of the inner margin of the chamber. This is rare in the Humboldt County material, but is identical with this species as found in other parts of the Pacific. Family VERNEUILINIDAE Genus VERNEUILINA d'Orbigny, 1840 Verneuilina scabra (Williamson) Plate 1, figure 4 Bulimina scabra Williamson, Rec. Foram. Great Britain, 1858, p. 65, pi. 5, figs. 136, 137 (B. arenacea on explanation of plate). Verneuilina scabra (Williamson), Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1922, p. 55; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 137. Specimens very similar to those from the West Coast of America and recorded in the last reference above occur in the Humboldt County collections. Genus GAUDRYINA d^Orbigny, 1839 Gaudryina triangularis Cushman Plate 1, figure 2 Gaudryina triangularis Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2, 1911, p. 65, figs. 104 a-c (in text) ; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 138. Test slightly longer than broad, for the most part triangular, the angles subacute, early chambers triserially arranged, later ones biserial, few; wall coarsely arenaceous, smoothly finished; aperture, a narrow slit at the inner margin of the last-formed chamber. The Humboldt County specimens are identical with those from off the West Coast of Ainerica. Genus CLAVULINA d^Orbigny, 1826 Clavulina communis d'Orbigny Plate 1, figures 5, 6 Clavulina communis d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 268; Foram. 52 San Diego Society of Natural History Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 196, pi. 12, figs. 1, 2.— Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1922, p. 84, pi. 16, figs. 4, 5; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 138. This widely distributed species occurs in typical form in the collec- tion, identical with Recent specimens from the American West Coast. Clavulina communis d'Orbigny, var. pallida Cushman Plate 1, figures 7, 8 Clavulina communis d'Orbigny, var. pallida Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 138, pi. 2, fig. 1. Test differing from the type in the more slender form and the characters of the wall which is of fine material, chalky white in color, the sutures throughout distinct and depressed. Specimens belonging to this variety, described from Recent collec- tions off the Western Coast of America, occur in the Humboldt County material. Family MILIOLIDAE Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d^Orbigny, 1826 Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny Plate 2, figures 1, 2 Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 290, pi. 18, figs. 16-21.— Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 38, pi. 7, fig. 3. This species described by d'Orbigny from the Vienna Basin, is very close to Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linne), but is somewhat shorter and more rounded. Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887 Sigmoilina celata (Costa) Plate 2, figure 3 ^ptroloculina celata Costa, Mem. Accad. Sci. Napoli, vol. 2, 1855 (1857), p. 126, pi. 1, fig. 14; Atti Accad. Pontaniana, vol. 7, fasc. 2, 1856, pi. 26, fig. 5. Planispirina celata (Costa) , H. B. Brady, Rep.Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 197, pi. 8, figs. 1-4. Sigmoilina celata (Costa), J. Wright, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 4, 1889, p. 447.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 6, 1917, p. 61, pi. 24, fig. 1. This species is close to and perhaps identical with S. schlumbergeri Silvestri, but a study of the types is necessary to make clear the actual CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera 53 relations of the two. The surface is finely arenaceous but the main under wall of the test calcareous and imperforate. Family LAGENIDAE Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808 Robulus nikobarensis (Schwager) Plate 2, figures 5, 7 Crtstellana nikobarensis Schwager, Novdrd-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 243, pi. 6, fig. 87. Cnstellaria polita Schwager (not Reuss), op. cit., p. 242, pi. 6, fig. 86. Robulus cushmani Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 51, pi. 8, fig. 11. This is evidently a very variable species as are most of the species of this genus. As shown in the figures given here, the keel m this species is very variable, sometimes present especially in the earlier stages and in others m.issing. The microspheric form has more chambers in the coil and grows to a larger size as shown. The sutures may become limbate or even raised. In some specimens there is a tendency to a slight uncoiling. The species is very different from Lenticulina rotulata Lamarck. The specimens described as Robulus cushmani are identical with the Kar Nicobar ones. Robulus americanus (Cushman), var. spinosus Cushman Plate 8, figure 2 Cnstellaria americana Cushman, var. spinosa Cushman, Bull. 676, U. S. Gecl. Survey, 1918, p. 51, pi. 10, fig. 7. Test closely coiled, slightly keeled with slight spines on the peri- phery, composed of but six or seven chambers in the last-formed coil; sutures slightly raised and ending in a raised umbonal area, surface otherwise smooth; aperture radiate without a definite projection, the ventral slit enlarged. Genus PLANULARIA Def ranee, 1824 Planularia sp.? Plate 2, figure 6 There is a single incomplete specimen here figured which is evi- dently a Planularia, but cannot be named until more specimens are available. 54 San Diego Society of Natural History Genus DENTALINA d'Orbigny, 1826 Dentalina insolita (Schwager) Plate 2, figure 10 Nodosaria insolita Schwager, Novdm- Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 230, pi. 6, fig. 63.— Cushman, Bull. 100, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1921, p. 191. Test elongate, tapering, slightly arcuate; chambers numerous, in- flated, each much broader than long; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth; apertural end with a short neck. Schwager described this species from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar, and it is still living off shore in the Philippine region. The specimens from Humboldt County are very typical. Dentalina insecta (Schwager) Plate 2, figures 8, 9 Nodosaria insecta Schwager, Nordrd-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 224, pi. 5, figs. 53, 54. — Karrer, in von Drasche, Frag. Geol. Insel Luzon, 1878, p. 89.— Schubert, Abhandl. geol. Reichs., vol. 20, pt. 4, 1911, p. 77, fig. 6 (in text) .—Cushman, Bull. 100, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1921, p. 189, pi. 34, fig. 3.— Koch, Bericht Schweiz. Pal. Ges., vol. 18, 1923, p. 347. Test elongate, straight or more usually slightly curved; chambers numerous, inflated; sutures depressed; wall smooth, proloculum with a long spinous projection placed asymmetrically; apertural end with a slight neck. Schwager's types were from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar. Karrer records it from the Late Tertiary of Luzon in the Philippines, Schubert from the Late Tertiary of the Bismarck Archipelago and vicinity, and Koch from the Late Tertiary of Kabu, Java. The senior author has found it to be still living in the Philippine region. Dentalina sp.? Plate 2, figures 11, 12 There are a few broken specimens of a peculiar spinose species figured here which do not give the full characters. Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812 Nodosaria deceptoria Schwager (?) Plate 2, figure 4 Nodosaria deceptoria Schwager, Novara-Ex^ed., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 212, pi. 5, fig. 30. — Karrer, in von Drasche, Frag. Geol. Insel Luzon, 1878, p. 89. CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 55 This costate species was described from the PUocene of Kar Nicobar and recorded by Karrer from the Late Tertiary of the Philippines. The incomplete specimen figured is close to this species if not identical with it. Nodosaria brevicula Schwager (?) Plate 2, figure 16 Nodosaria brevicula Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 234, pi. 6, fig. 71. The specimen figured does not have as large a megalospheric pro- loculum as does the specimen figured by Schwager, but resembles it in other characters. Nodosaria tosta Schwager Plate 3, figure 1 Nodosaria tosta Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 219, pi. 5, fig. 42.— Liebus, Jahrb. geol. Reichsanst., vol. 52, 1903, p. 74, fig. 1 (in text).— Koch, Bericht Schweiz. Pal. Ges., vol. 18, 1923, p. 349. There are but a few incomplete specimens of this species but they seem identical with Schwager's species from the Pliocene of Kar Nico- bar. The few thin plate-like costae are usually somewhat twisted as in the type figures. Liebus's specimen is from the Tertiary of upper Bavaria. Koch records it from the Late Tertiary of Kabu, Java. Nodosaria parexilis Cushman and K. C. Stewart, new name Plate 2, figures 13-15 Nodosaria extUs Schwager (not Neugeboren) , Norara-Exptd., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 223, pi. 5, fig. 52. There are specimens like that figured, composed of several cham- bers, increasing gradually in diameter and length as added, with the sutures distinct and slightly depressed, the wall entirely smooth and the initial end without a spine, which are very close to the species figured by Schwager from Kar Nicobar. It is not the same as Neugeboren's species. Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 12451) from Bear River, NE l^ sec. 20, T. 1 N., R. 2 W., Humboldt County, California. Nodosaria koina Schwager Plate 8, figure 1 Nodosaria koina Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 220, 56 San Diego Society of Natural History . pi. 5, fig. 47. — Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 56, pi. 7, fig. 6. Test slender, slightly curved, very gently tapering, initial end rounded; chambers numerous, ten or more, inflated, gradually increasing in size as added; sutures distinct, but only slightly depressed; wall smooth, matte; aperture radiate, nearly central. This species was originally described from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar, and has since been recorded from the Miocene of California. Nodosaria sp.? Plate 3, figure 2 The incomplete or abnormal specimen here figured may be worthy of record for future workers. Nodosaria sp.? Plate 3, figure 3 This specimen, probably a young stage, is figured for record only. Genus GLANDULINA d^Orbigny, 1826 Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny Plate 3, figure 4 "Cornu Hammonis erectium globosius" Plancus, Conch. Min., 1739, p. 16, pi. 13, fig. 1. Nodosaria (Glandulina) laevigata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 252, pi. 10, figs. 1-3. Glandulina laevigata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 29, pi. 1, figs. 4, 5. — Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 143. This common species is well represented in the collection. The species shows the usual differences in the megalospheric and micro- spheric forms, the latter being more or less pointed at the base and usually with a distinct spine while the former is much broader, with fewer chambers and may lack the spine. The numerous records for G. laevigata and N. rotundata should be examined with the possibility of many of them being the two forms of one species. Genus FRONDICULARIA Def ranee, 1824 Frondicularia foliacea Schwager Plate 3, figure 6 Frondicularia foliacea Schwager, Novdrd-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 236, pi. 6, fig. 76. — Karrer, in von Drasche, Frag. Geol. Insel Luzon, CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera 57 1878, p. 91. — Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 57, pi. 7, fig. 9. Test longer than broad, very much compressed, periphery subacute; chambers comparatively few, distinct, elongate; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, only slightly curved; wall thin, finely perforate, matte; megalospheric proloculum thicker than the remainder of the test. Schwager described this species from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar, and it is also known from the Late Tertiary of Luzon and from the Miocene of California. Frondicularia advena Cushman Plate 3, figure 5 Frondicularia inaequalis H. B. Brady (not Costa), Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 521, pi. 66, figs. 8-12. Frondicularia advena Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 141, pi. 20, figs. 1, 2.— Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 47, pi. 8, figs. 7, 8. No complete specimen was found, but the fragment figured prob- . ably represents this species. Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798 Lagena substriata Williamson Plate 3, figure 9 Lagena vulgaris, var. substriata Williamson, Rec. Foram. Great Britain, 1858, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 14. The figured specimen agrees fairly well with this species which is widely destributed. Lagena acuticosta Reuss Plate 3, figure 10 Lagena acuticosta Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 44, pt. 1, 1861 (1862), p. 305, pi. 1, fig. 4.— Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 5, pi. 1, figs. 1-3; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 146. The specimen figured may be referred to this widely distributed species. Lagena hexagona (Williamson) Plate 3, figure 7 Entosolenia squamosa, var. hexagona Williamson, Rec. Foram. Great Britain, 1858, p. 20, pi. 2, fig. 23. The specimen figured represents a very finely reticulate, nearly 58 San Diego Society of Natural History globular form much finer in its hexagonal areas than are most speci- mens assigned to this species. Lagena hexagona (Williamson), var. scalariformis Williamson Plate 3, figure 8 Entosolenia squamosa (Montagu), var. scalariformis Williamson, Rec. Foram. Great Britain, 1858, p. 13, pi. 1, fig. 30. Lagena scalariformis (Williamson), Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862 (1863), p. 333, pi. 5, figs. 69-71. Lagena hexagona (Williamson), var. scalariformis (Williamson), Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 17, pi. 6, fig. 4; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 145. Test subglobular, surface ornamentation of a generally reticulate pattern but the areas in vertical series, the sides of the reticulations thickened, forming costae, the top and bottom borders less conspicuous. Lagena foveolata Reuss Plate 3, figure 11 Lage77a foveolata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862 (1863), p. 332, pi. 5, fig. 65.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 17, pi. 7, fig. 3. This species is characterized by the pyriform shape, the greatest width near the base and the surface ornamented by longitudinal costae with very slightly raised costae between. Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob) Plate 3, figure 12 "Serpula (Lagena) striata sulcata rotundata" Walker and Boys, Test. Min., 1784, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 6. Serpula (Lagena) sulcata Walker and Jacob, Adams' Essays, Kaumacher's ed., 1798, p. 634, pi. 14, fig. 5. Lagena sulcata (Walker and Jacob), Parker and Jones, Philos. Trans., vol. 155, 1865, p. 351.— Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 57, pi. 11, fig. 1; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 145. Test typically subglobose, slightly longer than broad; wall with nuinerous longitudinal costae, 14-18 in number; neck elongate, often with spiral costae. This species is widely distributed and has been recorded from the West Coast of America in Recent dredgings. CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 59 Lagena williamsoni (Alcock) Plate 8, figure 5 Entosolenid williamsoni Alcock, Proc. Lit. Philos. Soc, vol. 4, 1865, p. 193. Lagena williamsoni (Alcock) , Wright, Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club, 1876-77; App. 4, p. 104, pi. 4, fig. 14.— Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 61, pi. 11, figs. 8, 9; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 146; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 70, pi. 11, figs. 7, 8. Test subglobular to pyriform, broadest toward the base, apertural end tapering to a short, slender neck; wall ornamented with a few high, plate-like costae, occasionally twisted, coalescing at the upper end and forming a collar made up of a reticulate network below the neck. This species occurs in the Pliocene of southern California, and is living off the western coast of America as well as in the Atlantic. Family POLYMORPHINIDAE Genus POLYMORPHINA d^Orbigny, 1826 Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman Plate 4, figure 6 Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1925, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 9; Special Publ. No. 1, Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., 1928, pi. 26, fig. 9. — Cushman and Ozawa, Jap. Joum. Geol. & Geogr., vol. 6, 1929, p. 72, pi. 13, fig. 8; pi. 15, figs. 11, 12; pi. 16, fig. 1. Polymorphina compressa Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3. 1913, p. 89, pi. 40, fig. 3. Polymorphina complanata Bagg (not d'Orbigny), Bull. 513, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1912, p. 69, pi. 20, figs. 13, 14. Polymorphina biserialis Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 53, pi. 9, fig. 4. Polymorphina elongata Galloway and Wissler, op. cit., vol. 1, 1927, p. 54, pi. 9, fig. 7. Test elongate, more or less compressed, tapering slightly from the broadly rounded initial end, edges more or less angular; chambers com- pressed, not much elongated, arranged at first in a clockwise, sigmoid series in the microspheric form, but in an almost alternating biserial series in the megalosphenc form, each succeeding chamber removed much farther from the base; sutures not depressed, generally limbate and distinct; wall smooth, translucent; aperture radiate. This species is known from the Pliocene of western America and Japan, and is livmg off the coasts of the northern Pacific. 60 San Diego Society of Natural History Family NONIONIDAE Genus NONION Montfort, 1808 Nonion costifera (Cushman) Plate 3, figures 13 a, b Nonionina costifera Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1926, p. 90, pi. 13, figs. 2 a-c; ibid., vol. 2, 1926, p. 65. Test longer than broad, periphery acute, almost keeled, composed of numerous chambers, as many as 20 in the last-formed coil, slightly umbilicate; sutures distinct, limbate, slightly raised above the general surface, increasing in thickness and height toward the umbilicus, form- ing an acute angle with the periphery; in apertural view heart-shaped or broadly triangular, flattened or slightly concave, the aperture a very small semi-circular opening at the base of the apertural face between it and the preceding coil. This species was described from the Miocene of California. It occurs also in the Pliocene but the sutures tend to become somewhat less raised. Nonion umbilicatula (Montagu) Plate 3, figures 14 a, b Nautilus umbiltcatulus Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 191; Suppl., p. 78, pi. 18, fig. 1. Nonionina umbilicatula. (Montagu), Parker, Jones and H. B. Brady, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 8, 1871, p. 242, pi. 12, fig. 157.— Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1914, p. 24, pi. 17, fig. 1. Nonion umbilicatula (Montagu), Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanogra- phy, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 148, pi. 2, fig. 4. Specimens very similar to those already figured from dredgings off the West Coast of America occur in the Fiumboldt County material. The umbilicus is deep, the sutures flush and limbate, wall coarsely per- forate and the aperture from one umbilical area to the other. Nonion incisa (Cushman) Nonionina incisa Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 4, 1926, p. 90, pi. 13, figs. 3 a-c; ibid., vol. 2, 1926, p. 65. Test longer than broad, periphery acute, composed of numerous chambers, about fifteen in the last-formed coil, slightly umbilicate; sutures distinct, deeply incised, curved, forming an acute angle with the periphery; wall smooth; in apertural view the apertural face broad, slightly convex, the aperture an elongate, narrow, arched opening at the base of the apertural face between it and the preceding coil. CusHMAN. Stewart and Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera 61 This species was described from the Miocene of San Luis Obispo County, CaUfornia. Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926 Nonionella miocenica Cushman Plate 8, figures 6 a-c Nonionina auris Cushman (not d'Orbigny), Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. I, pt. 4, 1926, p. 91, pi. 13, figs. ^ a-c. Nonionella miocenica Cushman, op. cit., vol. 2, 1926, p. 64; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 149. Test subtrochoid, small, periphery broadly rounded, seven to ten chambers in the last-formed coil, distinct, dorsal side not completely involute, the sutures obliquely curved, the last chambers with the umbili- cal end forming a distinct rounded lobe; wall smooth; aperture low, elongate. This species described from the Miocene of California also persists in the present ocean off the Pacific coast of America. It has fewer chambers than the more southern Nonionella aiiris (d'Orbigny ) . Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808 Elphidium hughesi Cushman and Grant Plate 3, figure 15 Eliphidium hughesi Cushman and Grant, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1927, p. 75, pi. 7, fig. 1. Test rather small, periphery broadly rounded throughout, mcreas- ingly so in the last chambers, the diameter about 2^/2 times the thickness; umbilical region slightly depressed, typically with a series of irregular flattened areas formed by the cut-off ends of the pointed inner ends of the chambers with depressions between; chambers as many as fourteen in the last-formed coil, usually less than twelve, the last few inflated and the periphery lobulated, earlier ones not inflated and the periphery entire; sutures very distinct, the later ones strongly depressed, slightly curving toward the periphery, retral processes few and short; wall fairly thick, very finely perforate; aperture a series of small rounded openings at the base of the apertural face, none in the face itself. Diameter, 0.60- 0.70 mm.; thickness, 0.25-0.30 mm. Specimens identical with those of the Pliocene of more southern localities in California have occurred in the collection from Humboldt County. 62 San Diego Society of Natural History Eliphidium hannai Cushman and Grant Plate 3, figures 16, 17 Elphidiurn hannai Cushman and Grant, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1927, p. 77, pi. 8, fig. 1. Test of medium size, the diameter about twice the thickness, peri- phery rounded but not broad, umbilical region flattened or very slightly concave, rarely slightly convex; chambers distinct, about fifteen in the last-formed coil, not inflated; sutures very distinct, limbate, flush with the surface, with a line of very fine pores, sometimes irregularly doubled, continuing to the very center of the umbilical region, the sutures appear- ing as darker curved lines on the lighter mass of the thick but very finely perforate wall; aperture consisting of a series of very fine pores along the base of the apertural face and numerous others scattered irregularly all over the outer wall making up the apertural face. Diameter 1 mm.; thickness 0.50 mm. This species known from Recent dredgings and from the Pliocene of California occurs in the Humboldt County collections. The form is similar to the Pliocene ones already described in the above reference. Elphidiurn oregonense Cushman and Grant Plate 4, figures 1, 2 Eliphidium oregonense Cushman and Grant, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 5, 1927, p. 79, pi. 8, fig. 3. Test comparatively large, complanate, compressed, periphery rounded, umbilical region strongly umbonate with a rounded boss of clear shell material with several large pores; chambers numerous, 20 or more in the adult, slightly inflated; sutures curved, depressed except toward the periphery where they are indistinct, pores numerous, rounded, except toward the periphery where they become elongate; wall thick; aperture consisting of a low broad opening at the base of the apertural face with circular pores on the middle portion of the lower half of the flattened wall of the apertural face. Length up to 1.8 mm.; breadth 0.60 mm. The types of this fine large species are from the Pleistocene of Oregon. It is of much interest to find very large typical specimens in the Humboldt County collections. CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 63 Family HETEROHELICIDAE Genus PLECTOFRONDICULARIA Liebus, 1903 Plectofrondicularia calif ornica Cushman and R. E. Stewart Plate 4, figures 3, 4 Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and Stewart, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 39, pi. 6, figs. 9-11. Test somewhat compressed, very elongate, narrow, usually bilater- ally symmetrical, occasionally asymmetrical due to a slight curvature of the early portion, the broad faces concave, sides diverging uniformly from the initial end which is rounded, more in the megalospheric and less in the microspheric form, the greatest breadth of the test being made by the last-formed chamber, the peripheral portion with 3 sharp plate- like carinae, one in the middle line, the other two lateral; chambers numerous, early ones biserial, later ones uniserial, low, 2 to 3 times as wide as high, increasing very slightly in relative height toward the apertural end; sutures slightly limbate, later ones very slightly depressed; wall smooth, with a short central costa on the earlier portion. This species which we have previously described from the Pliocene of Southern California has appeared in the collection from Humboldt County represented by some very excellent specimens. Plectofrondicularia miocenica Cushman Plate 4, figure 9 Plectofrondicularia miocenica Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 58, pi. 7, figs. 10, 11; pi. 8, figs. 11, 12. Test elongate, narrow, gradually tapering, very much compressed, periphery acute, keeled; chambers numerous, distinct, elongate, early ones biserial, alternating; sutures distinct, slightly depressed, curved; wall very thin except in the earlier chambers which are thickened, orna- mented by a few longitudinal costae, strongest over the proloculum thence gradually spreading and decreasing in size. This species seems to be much more rare than the preceding. It was originally described from the Miocene of San Luis Obispo County, California. Genus NODOGENERINA Cushman, 1927 Nodogenerina lepidula (Schwager) Plate 4, figure 5 Nodosaria lepidula Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 210, pi. 5, figs. 27, 28. — Karrer, in von Drasche, Frag. Geol. Insel Luzon, 64 San Diego Society of Natural History 1878. p. 88.— Schubert, Abhandl. geol. Reichs., vol. 20, pt. 4, 1911, p. 75, figs. 5 a-f (in text) .— Cushman, Bull. 100, U. S. Nat. Mas., vol. 4, 1921, p. 203, pi. 36, fig. 6. This species seems to be common in the Late Tertiary of the Pacific area and living in the Pacific in the Philippine region and else- where. The test is slender, axis straight, chambers increasing rather uniformly in size, somewhat pyriform in shape with a series of short costae or blunt spines about the widest portion, apertural end with a definite neck often with a slight flange, the aperture itself circular with- out teeth or radiating portions. Family BULIMINIDAE Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911 Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny) Plate 4, figures 7 a, b Bulimina elegantissima d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid. 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Foraminiferes," p. 51, pi. 7, figs. 13,14. Bulimineila elegantissima (d'Orbigny), Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 2. 1911, p. 89; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1925, p. 40, pi. 6, figs. 5 a, b. This species described by d'Orbigny from the West Coast of South Ainerica is abundant in parts of the Pacific, and occurs in the Humboldt County material in typical form. Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman Plate 4, figures % a,b Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1925, p. 33, pi. 5, fig. 12; ibid., vol. 2, 1926, p. 55. Test spiral, much elongate, subcylindrical, early portion tapering, sides for most of the test nearly parallel, periphery lobulate; chambers numerous, inflated, distinct, 3 or 4 making up a coil; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth, very finely punctate; aperture narrow, elongate. This occurs in the Humboldt County material in typical form rather than the recent var. tenuata. The types are from the Miocene of San Luis Obispo, California. Genus BULIMINA d'Orbigny, 1826 Bulimina inflata Seguen2,a Plate 4, figure 10 Bulimina inflata Seguenza, Atti Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat., set. 2, vol. 18, 1862, p. 109, pi. 1, fig. lO.-Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1922, CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 65 p. 93. pi. 21, fig. 1; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Set., vol. 1, 1927, p. 151, pi. 2, fig. 14. Typical specimens occur in the Humboldt County collection as in the Pliocene of Southern California and in recent dredgings off the coast. Bulimina subcalva Cushman and K. C. Stewart, new species Plate 4, figures l\ a, b Test slightly longer than broad, rapidly tapering from the acute initial end to the greatest width near the apertural end, generally triserial; chambers numerous, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall in the earlier chambers ornamented by distinct and rather plate-like costae, later chambers roughly granular or smooth, initial end of the test often with a distinct spine especially in the microspheric form; aperture elongate, oval, rather large for the genus. Length 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.35 mm. Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 12454) from Scotia Bluffs, about 160 yds. southward from north line of SE 1^ sec. 5, T. 1 N., R. 1 E., Humboldt County, California. Paratypes — Stewart Coll. No. 503; San Diego Society of Natural History Coll. No. 8. With its very tapering form and plate-like costae of the earlier chambers this species differs from any of the other semi-nude forms of the genus. Bulimina rostrata H. B. Brady (?) Plate 5, figure 1 These specimens represented by that figured have a few longitudi- nal costae continuous from the early portion to the last-formed chambers, but the sutures visible. In typical B. rostrata the longitudinal costae are even more strongly developed and the sutures usually ob- scured. Bulimina subacuminata Cushman 6? R. E. Stewart, new species Plate 5, figures 2,3 a, b Test longer than broad, tapering rapidly from the acute and spinose initial end to the greatest width made by the last whorl of chambers, triserial; chambers distinct and depressed; wall distinctly perforate, ornamented by high, thin plates, longitudinally placed and in general in definite longitudinal series from one chamber to another, the lower end of each costa often slightly produced into a definite angle; aperture elongate, ovate. Length 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.28 mm. 66 San Diego Society of Natural History Holotype (Cushman Coll. No. 12456) from Bear River, NE 1^ sec. 20, T. 1 N., R. 2 W., Humboldt County, California. Paratypes — Stewart Coll. No. 504; San Diego Society of Natural History Coll. No. 9. • This species may be closely related to B. subcalva as the orna- mentation of the very earliest chamber of B. subcalva is similar, and the general shape of the two species is much alike. Bulimina pagoda Cushman Plate 5, figures 6a-c Bulimina pagoda Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 152, pi. 2, fig. 16. Test tapering, broadest near the apertural end, pointed at the initial end; chambers distinct, deeply cut under at the base; periphery of the chamber with a series of large stout spines projecting outward and curving downward, several on each chamber; wall thin and translucent, otherwise smooth. Specimens evidently belonging to this species occur in the Hum- boldt County material. The spines are not always so greatly developed as in the Recent specimens but they have the characteristic form and arrangement. The species occurs off the Western coast of America. Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman Bulimina pseudotorta Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 55, pi. 7, fig. 3. Test tapering, greatest breadth near the apertural end, outline slightly lobulate, initial end narrow, rounded, rapidly increasing in diameter to just below the broadly rounded or even truncate apertural end; chambers few, inflated; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall thin, very finely perforate, smooth, matte; aperture either elongate or almost cruciform. This species was described from the Miocene of San Luis Obispo County, California. Genus GLOBOBULIMINA Cushman, 1927 Globobulimina pacifica Cushman Plate 5, figure 4 Globobuli77iina pacifica Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 3, 1927, p. 67, pi. 14, fig. 12; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 153, pi. 3, fig. 1.— Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 74, pi. 11, fig. 18. CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 67 Test subglobular in the adult, usually widest toward the initial end, the last three chambers making up the exterior by enclosing the preced- ing ones; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall very thin, finely perforate, smooth; aperture loop-shaped with a slight border, a broad apertural tooth or plate and an internal spiral tube. This species is a common one in the Late Tertiary of California as well as in a living state off the coast. Genus BOLIVINA d'Orbigny, 1839 Bolivina subadvena Cushman Plate 5, figure 5 Bolivina subadvena Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 44, pi. 6, figs. 6a,b; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 156. This is a variable species. The specimen here figured has the chambers smoother than in the usual Miocene specimens. Bolivina subadvena Cushman, var. spissa Cushman Plate 5, figure 7 Bolivina subadvena Cushman, var. spissa Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 45, pi. 6, figs. 8 a, b; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 157, pi. 3, fig. 10. Bolivina spissa Cushman, Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 72, pi. 11, figs. 14-16. This variety is also variable in its characters, on the one side tending to the roughness and thick walled character of the typical form, and on the other approaching B. ar gen tea Cushman. These specimens from Humboldt County tend toward the latter species strongly. It is often abundant in dredgings off the West coast of America. Bolivina advena Cushman Bolivina advena Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1925, p. 29, pi. 5, figs. 1 a, b; ibid., vol 2, 1926, p. 54. Test of early portion compressed, later portion thickened; early chambers low, close-set, later ones higher; sutures of early portion slightly limbate, in later portion very narrow, somewhat depressed, peri- phery of early portion acute, later rounded; wall smooth but distinctly perforate. This species is common in some parts of the Monterey Miocene of California. 68 San Diego Society of Natural History Bolivina advena Cushman, var. striatella Cushman Bolivma advena Cushman, var. striatella Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1925, p. 30, pi. 5, figs. 3 a, h; ibid., vol. 2, 1926, p. 54. Variety differing from the typical in the longer, more tapering form, the initial end subacute, about nine chambers making up the last half of the test; sutures somewhat distinct, very slightly depressed; wall finely perforate, surface of the early portion ornamented with very fine, numerous, longitudinal costae, the later portion smooth. This variety is also known from the Miocene of California. Bolivina imbricata Cushman Plate 8, figure 3 Bolivina imbricata Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1925, p. 31, pi. 5, figs. 7 a, b; ibid., vol. 2, 1926, p. 54. Test much compressed, of medium size for the genus, periphery acute, keeled throughout; chambers numerous, distinct, eight chambers making up the last half of the test; sutures distinctly limbate, much curved, deeply depressed in the later portion so that the chambers appear imbricate; wall thin, finely perforate, surface with a few longitudinal costae near the base and a central ridge. This species is common in some parts of the Miocene, Monterey, of California. Genus UVIGERINELLA Cushman, 1926 Uvigerinella californica Cushman, var. ornata Cushman Plate 5, figure 8 Uvigerina (Uvigerinella) californica Cushman, var. ornata Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 59, pi. 8, figs. 1 a-c, 6. This form described from the Miocene of San Luis Obispo County, California seems to occur in the Humboldt County collection. The neck is very short and sunken with the aperture compressed and angled to- ward the inner border of the chamber. The surface is very finely costate. Genus UVIGERINA d^Orbigny, 1826 Uvigerina senticosa Cushman Plate 5, figure 9 Uvigerina senticosa Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser.. vol. 1, 1927, p. 159, pi. 3, fig. 14. Test fusiform, slender, broadest toward the apertural end, initial CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 69 end rounded; chambers numerous, inflated; sutures distmct and de- pressed; wall in the early portion roughened with bristly points, very fine and numerous, not as conspicuous in later chambers except m the sutural regions; apertural end with a short cylindrical neck and slightly flaring lip. This species which is common off the Pacific coast of America is also found in the Pleistocene and Pliocene of California. Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager Plate 5, figure 10 Ur>^er,na proboscidea Schwager, Nov^rd-Exped., Geol Theil., pt. 2, 1866 p. 250 d1 7 fig. 96.— Karrer, in von Drasche, Frag. Geol. Insel Luzon, lb7«, p. 9^_CusLan, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1913, p. 94, pi. 42, This is a shorter broader species than the preceding, and the surface while roughened is not truly spinose. The originals are from the Plio- cene of Kar Nicobar and it is also recorded from the later Tertiary ot the Philippines as well as recorded as Recent from the North Pacific. Uvigerina peregrina Cushman Plate 5, figure 11 Vrigeyma pygmciea Flint (not V. pigmea d-Qrbigny). Rept. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 320, pi. 68, fig. 2. Urtgenna peregnna Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4 1923, p. 166, pi 42 figs. 7-10; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vo . , 1927, p. 158, pi. 3, fig. 13.— Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal, vol. 1, 1927', p. 76, pi. 12, figs. 1, 2. This species occurs living off the Pacific coast of America and also in the Pleistocene and Pliocene of California. Uvigerina peregrina Cushman, var. bradyana Cushman Plate 5, figure 12 Uyiserinct peregrina Cushman, var. bradyana Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 168, pi. 42, fig. 12; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanogra- phy, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 158, pi. 4, fig. 2. This variety differing from the typical form in the more elongate, slender less coarsely punctate test and fewer and lower costae occurs in considerable numbers in the Humboldt County collections. It is very variable and some of the specimens become nearly smooth especially in the later chambers. Another variant shows the costae broken up into smaller elongate ridges. 70 San Diego Society of Natural History Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schlumberger, 1883 Siphogenerina branneri (Bagg) Plate 5, figure 15 Sagrina branneri Bagg, Bull. 268, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1905, p. 40, pi. 7, fig. 4. Siphogenerina branneri (Bagg) , Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 67, art. 25, 1926, p. 7, pi. 1, figs. 7-9; pi. 4, fig. 7. Sagrina calijormensis Bagg, Bull. 268, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1905, p. 41, pi. 7, fig. 5. Sagrina elongata Bagg, op. cit., p. 41, pi. 7, fig. 6. Test subcylindrical, the microspheric form tapering, the megalo- spheric fusiform; chambers numerous, inflated, sutures distinct, slightly depressed; surface ornamentation consisting of numerous distinct, slightly raised, longitudinal costae, the chamber at the sutures continued backward along these costae giving a scolloped edge to the suture; aperture with a short, cylindrical neck and narrow phialine lip. These specimens from Humboldt County seem to be identical with Bagg's species from the Monterey shale farther South. Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman Plate 5, figure 13 Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1925, p. 36, pi. 7, figs. 4 a, b; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 67, Art. 25, 1926, p. 12. Test elongate, fairly thick, two or three times as long as broad, circular in transverse section; chambers short and broad, the early chambers irregularly spiral, later ones uniserial; sutures distinct and depressed; wall thick, the exterior smooth throughout; aperture ter- minal, rounded, with a short neck and slight lip. The figured specimen from Humboldt County seems to be entirely identical with this species described from the Miocene Monterey shale of San Luis Obispo County, California. Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927 Angulogerina hughesi (Galloway and Wissler) Plate 5, figure 16 Uvigerina hughesi Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 76, pi. 12, fig. 5. This species described from the Pleistocene beds of Lomita Quarry occurs in typical form in the Humboldt County collection. The early CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera 71 chambers have traces of costae and are somewhat rounded, the later ones becoming angular and assuming the generic characters. Angulogerina carinata Cushman Plate 5, figure 14 Angulogerina carinata Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 159, pi. 4, fig. 3. The angled and carinate chambers, more slender and elongate than the preceding, will identify this species which has a wide range on the Pacific coast from Juan Fernandez on the South to the West coast of the United States. Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE Genus ELLIPSOLAGENA A. Silvestri, 1923 Ellipsolagena apiculata (Reuss) Plate 5, figures 17, 18 Oolina apiculata Reuss, in Haidinger's Nat. Abhandl., vol. 4, abth. 1, 1851, p. 22, pi. 1, fig. 1. Lagena apiculata Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862 (1863), p. 318, pi. 1, figs. 4-8, 10, 11. The specimens from Humboldt County, one of which is here figured, seem to belong to this species. They have an apical spine, are slightly compressed, and have the aperture of this genus. Family ROTALIIDAE Genus VALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926 Valvulineria araucana (d'Orbigny) Plate 6, figures 4 a-c Rosalina araucana d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Forarm- niferes," p. 44, pi. 6, figs. 16-18. Valvulineria araucana (d'Orbigny), Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceano- graphy, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 160, pi. 4, figs. 7, 8. D'Orbigny originally described this species from the coast of Chile. It is known from other localities off the Western coast of North America, and occurs in the Pliocene of Southern California as well as in Humboldt County. 72 San Diego Society of Natural History Genus GYROIDINA d^Orbigny, 1826 Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny Plate 6, figures 1 a-c Rotalia {Gyroidina) soldanii d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 278;: Modeles No. 36. Gyroidina soldanii (d'Orbigny), Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanogra- phy, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 162. This is a widely distributed species and one which keeps close to its typical form. It occurs commonly off the Western coast of America and in the Pliocene. It is probable that Rotalia nitidula Schwager from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar is a synonym of this species. Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808 Eponides ornata (d'Orbigny) Plate 6, figures 2 a-c Rosalina ornata d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Foramini- feres," p. 42, pi. 1, figs. 18-20. Test trochoid, strongly biconvex, periphery rounded; chambers very distinct, about seven in the last-formed whorl; sutures very distinct, on the dorsal side strongly limbate but slightly if at all raised, the surface between smooth and rather coarsely and distinctly perforate, on the ventral side gently curved, slightly depressed, less distinctly limbate; aperture ventral, elongate. This species described by d'Orbigny in his South American mono- graph is evidently present in the Humboldt County collections. Eponides tenera (H. B. Brady) Plate 6, figures 3 a-c Truncatulina tenera H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Cballeyiger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 665, pi. 95, figs. 11 a-c. Eponides tenera (H. B. Brady), Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 163, pi. 5, figs. 6, 7. Test trochoid, biconvex; periphery acute, slightly lobulated; the earlier portion with the spire convex, the last-formed coil in the adult flattened and broader, with five to seven chambers, sutures very distinct, straight and radial, only slightly depressed; wall smooth and polished; aperture narrow, between the periphery and center of the ventral side. This is a species particularly of the Eastern portion of the Pacific recorded from many stations from California Southward. It is a char- acteristic species of the California Pliocene. CusHMAN, Stewart and Si i;wart— Tertiary Foraminifhra 73 Eponides peruviana (d'Orbigny) Plate 8, figures 7 a-c Rou-tlma peruviana d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Forami- niferes," p. 35, pi. 2, figs. 3-5. Eponides peruviana (d'Orbigny), Cushman and Kellett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 75, Art. 25, 1929, p. 10, pi. 4, figs. 5 a-c. Test trochoid, nearly equally biconvex, periphery carinate, generally circular in outline; chambers numerous, distinct, about eight in the last- formed vA\ox\, on the dorsal side fonning an even surface, ventrally inflated, giving a very distinct appearance to the test; sutures distinct on the dorsal side, curved, flush with the surface, slightly limbate, on the ventral side radial, depressed; wall smooth or slightly roughened below, \ery finely perforate; aperture ventral, at the base of the chamber between the periphery and the umbilicus. This species is abundant on the West coast of South Ainerica as part of a fauna which is very closely allied with that of the Pliocene of California. This is the first record as a fossil. Family CASSIDULINIDAE Genus PULVINULINELLA Cushman, 1926 Pulvinulinella pacifica Cushman Plate 6, figures 5 a-c Pulvinulinella pacifica Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 165, pi. 5, figs. 14, 15. Test trochoid, plano-convex, dorsal side flattened, ventral side strongly convex; periphery acute or slightly keeled, often lobulated; chambers distinct, not inflated, seven in the last-formed coil; sutures obliquely curved on the dorsal side, only slightly curved on the ventral, slightly limbate, not raised or depressed; wall finely perforate, shining; aperture elongate, narrow, nearly parallel to the periphery, ventral. TTiis is a very common species in the dredgings from the Western coast of America. In the Pliocene of California it is also a characteristic species. Pulvinulinella subperuviana Cushman Pulvinulinella subperuviana Cushman, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, 1926, p. 63, pi. 9, figs. 9 a-c. Test small, rotaliform, biconvex, umbonate, periphery subacute; chambers numerous, 10 or 11 in the last-formed coil; sutures on the 74 San Diego Society of Natural History dorsal side strongly oblique, on the ventral side nearly straight, radial, distinct but only slightly depressed ; last-formed coil thin and compressed forming a fringe about the more umbonate center; wall smooth; aperture a narrow slit on the ventral side of the last-fonned chamber just below and parallel with the periphery, with a tooth-like projection from the edge. This species is fairly common in some parts of the Miocene, Mon- terey, of California. Genus CASSIDULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 Cassibulina pulchella d'Orbigny Plate 6, figures 6 a, b Cassidulina pulchella d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Foraminiferes," p. 57, pi. 8, figs. 1-3. — Cushman and Hughes, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1925, p. 13, pi. 2, figs. 6 a, b. — Cush- man, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 166, pi. 6, fig. 1. Test compressed, nearly circular in side view; periphery somewhat angled with the angles of the chamber slightly projecting; chambers distinct, six or seven pairs in the last-formed coil; sutures distinct, depressed, not limbate; wall smooth; aperture elongate, nearly parallel to the axis of coiling, with a slight tooth. This species described by d'Orbigny from off the West coast of South America has also been recorded from further North along the Eastern coast of the Pacific, and occurs in the Pliocene of California. Cassidulina limbata Cushman and Hughes Plate 6, figures 7 a, b Cassidulina laevigata Bagg (not d'Orbigny), Bull. 513, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1912, p. 43. Cassidulina limbata Cushman and Hughes, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1925, p. 12, pi. 2, figs. 2a-c. — Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 166, pi. 6, fig. 4. — Galloway and Wissler, Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 78, pi. 12, fig. 12. Test nearly circular in side view, the last-formed chamber slightly projecting; periphery slightly lobulate, carinate; chambers very distinct, six pairs in the last-formed coil, the central portion of each chamber narrowest; sutures very distinct, broadly limbate, central portion with a distinct umbo of clear shell material; aperture narrow, elongate, parallel to the axis of coiling, with a slight tooth. CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera 75 This is a very abundant species in the Phocene and less so in the Pleistocene of California. It occurs also in dredgings from off the West coast of America. Cassidulina californica Cushman and Hughes Plate 6, figures 8 a, b Cassidulina califortiica Cushman and Hughes, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, 1925, p. 12, pi. 2, fig. 1.— Galloway and Wissler (?), Journ. Pal., vol. 1, 1927, p. 78, pi. 12, figs. 6, 7. Test broadly oval in side view, nearly circular except for the last- formed chamber which slightly projects, periphery very slightly if at all lobulate, in apertural view with the sides parallel and the ends broadly rounded, the sides even tending to become slightly concave in the middle; chambers alternating, five pairs making up the last-formed coil, distinct; sutures very distinct, very slightly limbate but not raised, flush with the surface; wall smooth, matte; aperture in the general axis of the test at one side with a projection plate-like tooth, partially filling the actual opening. This is a very abundant species in some parts of the Pliocene of California. Cassidulina corbyi Cushman and Hughes Plate 8, figure 4 Cassidulina corbyi Cushman and Hughes, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 1, 1925, p. 14, pi. 2, figs. 3 a, ^.—Cushman, op. cit., vol. 1, pt. 3, 1925, p. 55, pi. 9, figs. 9, 10; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 166, pi. 6, fig. 3. Test oval, about one and a half times as long as broad, the peri- phery strongly serrate, central portion slightly umbilicate, periphery acute, six or seven pairs of chambers in the last-formed coil; chambers angled at the periphery; sutures fairly straight, slightly depressed, not limbate; wall smooth; aperture elongate, in the axis of coiling, narrow. This species is known from the Pliocene of southern California, and as a living species in the Pacific off Panama. Genus EHRENBERGINA Reuss, 1850 Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman Plate 6, figure 9 Ehrenbergina compressa Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 168, pi. 6, fig. 7. Test compressed, composed of few chambers, about four pairs 76 San Diego Society of Natural History making up the uncoiled portion, distinct, only slightly inflated; periphery of each ending in a blunt angle, at the median line not raised and unornamented ; wall smooth; aperture very elongate. Length, 0.30 mm. This much compressed species occurs in typical form in the Hum- boldt County collection. The other records for it are from Recent dredgings off the Western coast of America. Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones, 1862 Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny) Plate 7, figures 3 a, b,5 Nonionina bulloides d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 293, No. 2; Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 107, pi. 5, figs. 9, 10. Pullenia bulloides (d'Orbigny), Parker and Jones, in Carpenter, Introd. Foram., 1862. p. 184, pi. 12, fig. 12. — Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 170. There are some rather large specimens of this species in the Hum- boldt County collections. Genus SPHAEROIDINA d^Orbigny, 1826 Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny Plate 7, figures 2 a, b Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 267; Modeles No. 65.— Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 5, 1924, p. 36, pi. 7, figs. 1-6; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 171. There are but a few specimens of this widely distributed species. Family GLOBIGERINIDAE Genus GLOBIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826 Globigerina inflata d'Orbigny Globigerina inflata d'Orbigny, in Barker, Webb, and Berthelot, Hist. Nat. lies Canaries, vol. 2, pt. 2, 1839, "Foraminiferes," p. 134, pi. 2, figs. 7-9. — Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 5, 1924, p. 12, pi. 3, fig. 1. Specimens of this genus are surprisingly rare in the collection. Globigerina conglomerata Schwager Globigerina conglomerata Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 255, pi. 7, fig. 113.— Cushman, Bull. 100, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1921, p. 295; Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 172.- — Cushman and Wickenden, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 75, Art. CusHMAN, Stewart and Stewart— Tertiary Foraminifera 11 9, 1929, p. 12, pi. 5, figs. 6a-c. — Cushman and Kellett, op.dt.,At:t. 25, 1929, p. 14. Globigerma dutertrei H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 601, pi. 81, figs. 1 a-c (not d'Orbigny) . Globigerma dub'ia H. B. Brady, op cit., pi. 79, figs. 17 a-c (not Egger) . Test subglobose, in the early stages consisting of but four chambers in each whorl, closely grouped, in later stages with five or six chambers in the whorl, the last whorl usually below the level of the preceding ones and with a distinct umbilicus; aperture small, with a distinct lip. This is a common species in the Pacific, and is widely distributed in the Pliocene of the Pacific region. It was described originally from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar in the Indian Ocean, and is the most com- mon species of the genus in the eastern Pacific at the present time. Genus ORBULINA d'Orbigny, 1839 Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, var. Plate 7, figure 4 There are specimens which evidently belong to this species but which have thick walls and a papillate surface. It may be noted in this con- nection that Schubert records a form from the Late Tertiary of the Bismark Archipelago as var. aculeata A. Silvestri. None of our speci- mens were truly spinose, but may have been somewhat eroded. Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927 Globorotalia crassula Cushman and R. E. Stewart, new name Plate 7, figures 1 a-c Pulvinulina crassa H. B. Brady (not Rotalina crassa d'Orbigny), Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 694, pi. 103, figs. 11, 12. This is not the same as the Upper Cretaceous species of d'Orbigny. There are usually about four chambers in the last-formed coil. The ventral side is coarsely papillate, especially about the aperture which is narrow and elongate, between the periphery and umbilicus. It is a common species in the Pacific as well as in the Pliocene of some parts of California. Holotype — Cushman Coll. 78 San Diego Society of Natural History Family ANOMALINIDAE Genus PLANULINA d'Orbigny, 1826 Planulina ornata (d'Orbigny) Plate 7, figures 6 a, b Triincdtulina ornata d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Foraminiferes," p. 40, pi. 6, figs. 7-9. Planulina ornata (d'Orbigny), Cushman, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser., vol. 1, 1927, p. 176, pi. 6, fig. 12. Test in the young, trochoid, biconvex, in the later stages with the chambers widely spreading and evolute ; chambers very distinct, elongate, curved; periphery subacute, with a thickened keel; sutures distinct, limbate, raised in the earlier portion and confluent with the peripheral carina, in the last few chambers depressed; surface beautifully orna- mented with coarse perforations, their borders raised forming a reticula- tion, this ornamentation covering all the surface except the smooth raised sutures; aperture peripheral in the adult and extending onto the dorsal side, with a flat lip. This species described by d'Orbigny from the coast of Chile and recorded from many stations Northward to the Western coast of the United States is a common species in the Pliocene of California. Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808 Cibicides cicatricosa (Schwager) Plate 7, figures 7 a-c Anomalina cicatricosa Schwager, Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil., pt. 2, 1866, p. 260, pi. 7, fig. 108. Test plano-convex, dorsal side flattened or slightly concave, ven- trally convex, periphery rounded; chambers nine to eleven in the last- formed coil, inflated, distinct; sutures distinct, depressed, on the dorsal side slightly curved, the earlier ones limbate and forming with the spiral suture a raised ornamentation, on the ventral side nearly radial and depressed; wall very coarsely perforate; the umbilical area on the ventral side granulose; aperture narrow, extending to the dorsal side, with a slight lip especially over the dorsal portion. This species was described by Schwager from the Pliocene of Kar Nicobar. The specimen figured here from Humboldt County shows the same general characters as Schwager's figures. SPECIES DISTRIBUTION CHART Sr^T/OA/ AfaMS£/?S / 2 3 ^ -5" s 7 a 3 /^ ^ ii ^ /^ '^ /« '7 /^ /3 2^ ^/ --r « ^ ^3 ^s 27 ^a ^5 V" F F F p F F F F F CT 4/ F F P F F rf7«| G£OLOG/CAL /)G£ E Fli flio f^/o no H>6 «//; X H,c Hic /*> >*0 »I0 X /"//^ p/,l> /fe ^/« /*« /to ^ X -"//ii ^/a /Cm fin P/,c Bk X Hio m P/io P/io P/m o/i Plui Mio Hio Mm Hia Hu> P//6 P/,0 P/m P/>e P/,c P^/a -±xx — P/«> ;r E E X E X E E E E E E E E E E E E E s: E E X E E E - = X — — — — E — - — X = — X X X E 4 a- /^ P/^^,>/^r,A .^r (/'f 2 ^^ e^ffi/^r?-a. ..A'£SS'.<:.r'S , i.-S^f>--^ferJ — ' — — — — — ' — ' — — — — — — — X — — — — — ir" — — — 1 X _ _ p. ^tf CP/ z ^'9^ ^/T--^ ' ■ — ' — — — — ' — ' — — — 1 — — — X — — — — — — — — — X — — — p A/ --.^^^y^ -r^/..v^/^^ K n // /^v/^ :«rrA^^y^. |j p p p R K K p VR i: 5-,./*.:^.^/^ M//.*^<^, H K R p (>, p R S r. p r f r. R p R r r r- r r r r ff p ft r (J |i r P p r r- p p p p p p P p p p p p p rw r: (? <7 * p R r R ' r- 1? R R 1 p p l» p p "p" 1? (* r P 'W r r- r p f> fj X — \ — p w j!" — — s (« f? K p -p c. C .^.tfgr^.tf^.c ,.^^^/^ ,vy^fyay' K. , X , _£- _s. S^ _ X , 1 1 -j- — . 1 — -^7 /-r^^rr^ r-^/^^^rf^>-j X T X X E X X X E X — X ■p" X ■p- £1 — X X X S Ti- c_ X 2 &- X 2 n X X = s s S X — S 2 X R- "R 1; 7?" ^ "k" ^ ,^^/^y»^//^ .^^. ■^ -, -y^-^a/g^^T-^ MJinrAr^y bL 3: i 5: X E X X X X X X X X _8. 3; X s 1 X 2: X E X X ^ 2 E X s X X i X S E — X X &. 5 X X E c: X grW.^ff r^.^^r.r^ cf-<7rs.^.. ^^,-* m. E E E E E X E E X X E E =1 X E E X X E X X z: E E X — 1 1 1 X E i X E 80 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 1 Figures in parentheses immediately following names of authors of species indicate stations from which the figured specimens were taken. Figs. la,b. Textidaria flintii Cushman. (Sta. 12). X 85. a, front view; b, apertural view. Fig. 2. Gaudryina triangularis Cushman. (Sta. 32). X 50. Side view. Fig. 3. Textularia cf. abbreviata d'Orbigny. (Sta. 42). X 50. Fig. 4. Vernemlina scabra (Williamson) . (Sta. 28) . X 40. Figs. 5,6. Clayulina communis d'Orbigny. (Sta. 47). X 50. Figs. 7,8. Clavulina communis d'Orbigny, var. pallida Cushman. (Sta. 47). X 50. Cl'SHMAN. SlI'W ART & SxEViART — TeR TIARV FoRAMINIFERA Plaie 1 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 2 Figs. 1,2. Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny. (Sta. 20). X 50. Opposite sides of 2 specimens. Fig. 3. Sigmoilina celctta (Costa). (Sta. 45). X 80. Fig. 4. Nodosarta deceptoria Schwager (?) . (Sta. 42). X 50. Figs. 5,7. Robulus nikobarensis (Schwager). (Sta. 42). X 50. 5, Young megalospheric form. 7, Older microspheric form. Fig. 6. Planulana sp(?). (Sta. 36). X 40. Figs. 8, 9. Dentalina insecta (Schwager) . (Sta. 41) . X 50. Fig. 10. Dentalina insolita (Schwager) . (Sta. 28) . X 50. Figs. 11, 12. Dentalina sp(?). (Sta. 41). X 65. Fragments. Figs. 13-15. Nodosaria parexilts Cushman & K. C. Stewart, new name. (Sta. 42). X 65. Fig. 16. Nodosaria brevicula Schwager. (Sta. 23). X 50. CusHMAN, Stevi-art &: SrE;\xARr — Thriiary Foraminii-hra Plate 2 84 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 3 Nodosaria tosta Schwager. (Sta. 12). X 65. Nodosaria sp(?). (Sta. 42). X 65. Nodosaria sp(?). (Sta. 41). X 65. Glandtdina laevigata d'Orbigny. (Sta. 28). X 50. Frondicidaria advena Cushman. (Sta. 28) . X 65. Frondicidaria foliacea Schwager. (Sta. 28) . X 65. Lagena hexagona (Williamson). (Sta. 41). X 75. Lagena hexagona (Williamson) , var. scalarijormis Williamson. (Sta. 3). X75. Lagena substriata Williamson. (Sta. 6). X 75. Lagena aciiticosta Reuss. (Sta. 6) . X 75. Lagena foveolata Reuss. (Sta. 41). X 75. Lagena sulcata (Walker & Jacob) . (Sta. 42) . X 75. Figs. 13 a,b. Nonion costifera (Cushman). (Sta. 36). X 65. a, side view; b, peripheral view. Figs, l^ a,b. Nonion umbilicatula (Montagu). (Sta. 7). X 75. a, side view; b, peripheral view. Fig. 15. Elphidiuni hughesi Cushman 6C Grant. (Sta. 44). X 40. Figs. 16, 17. Elphidiuni hannai Cushman &: Grant. (Sta. 13). X 40. Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig- 10. Fig. 11. Rg- 12. Ci'SHMAN, SinvkART 8c Stetxart — Tertiary Foraminifera Plate 3 86 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 4. Figs. 1,2. Elphidium oregonense Cushman & Grant. (Sta. 13). X 40. Figs. 3, 4. Plectojrondicularia calijornica Cushman & R. E. Stewart. (Sta. 45). X 55. Fig. 5. Nodogenerina lepidula (Schwager). (Sta. 12). X 65. Fig. 6. Polymorphina charlottensis Cushman (?). (Sta. 32). X 40. Figs. 7 a,b. Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny). (Sta. 13). X 80. a, b, op- posite sides. Figs. 8 a, b. Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman. (Sta. 36). X 50. a,b, op- posite sides. Fig. 9. Pletofrondicularia miocenica Cushman. (Sta. 39). X 80. Fig. 10. Bulimina inflata Seguenza. (Sta. 45). X 50. Figs. II a. b. Bulimina subcalva Cushman fiC K. C. Stewart, n. sp. (Sta. 28) . X 65. CnSHMAN, STn\x'ART & Sthwart Thrtiary Foraminifera Plate 4 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 5 Fig. 1. Bulimma rostrata H. B. Brady (?). (Sta. 45). X 65. Figs. 2,3a, b.Bulim'ma subaciiminata Cushman & R. E. Stewart, n. sp. (Sta. 42). X 65. Fig. 4. Globobidimina pacifica Cushman. (Sta. 15). X 75. Fig. 5. Bolivina subadvena Cushman. (Sta. 45). X 50. Figs. 6 a-c. Bulimina pagoda Cushman. (Sta. 1). X 75. a, c, side views of 2 different specimens; b, apertural view. Fig. 7. Bolivina subadvena Cushman, var. spissa Cushman. (Sta. 12). X 65. Fig. 8. Uvigerinella calif arnica Cushman, var. ornata Cushman. (Sta. 38) . X 65. Fig. 9. Uvigerina senticosa Cushman. (Sta. 23). X 65. Fig. 10. Uvigerina proboscidea Schwager. (Sta. 45). X 65. Fig. 11. Uvigerina peregrina Cushman. (Sta. 35). X 65. Fig. 12. Uvigerina peregrina Cushman, var. bradyana Cushman. (Sta. 3). X 65. Fig. 13. Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman. (Sta. 36). X 50. Fig. 14. Angulogerina carinata Cushman. (Sta. 12). X 80. Fig. 15. Siphogenerina branneri (Bagg). (Sta. 36). X 50. Fig. 16. Angulogerina hughesi (Galloway & Wissler) . (Sta. 3). X 80. Figs. 17, 18. Ellipsolagena apiculata (Reuss). (Sta. 45). X 65 CwsHMAN. Sri;\\ ARr &: Sri;\\ art — Teriiarv Foraminiflra Pl.ATK 5 90 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 6 Figs. I a-c. Gyroidina soldanii d'Orbigny. (Sta. 45). X 65. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. Figs. 2 d-c. Eponides ornata (d'Orbigny). (Sta. 1). X 65. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. Figs. 3 a-c. Eponides tenera (H. B. Brady). (Sta. 23). X 65. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. Figs. 4d-c. Valvulineria araucana (d'Orbigny). (Sta. 45). X 50. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. Figs. 5 a-c. Pulvinulinella pacijica Cushman. (Sta. 24) . X 65. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. Figs. 6 d,^. Cassidulina pulcbella d'Orbigny. (Sta. 1). X 65. a, side view; bf apertural view. Figs. 7 a,b. Cassididina limbata Cushman SC Hughes. (Sta. 1). X 65. a, side view; b, apertural view. Figs. 8 d,^. Cassidulina calijornica Cushman & Hughes. (Sta. 23). X 40. a, side view; b, apertural view. Fig. 9. Ebrenbergina compressa Cushman. (Sta. 23). X 65. CusuMAN, Stewart & Stkw art — Teriiarv Foraminifera Plaie 6 92 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 7 Figs. 1 a-c. Globorotalia crassida Cushman & R. E. Stewart, new name. (Sta. 7) . X 75. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. Figs. 2 a, b. Sphaeroidina bulloides d'Orbigny. (Sta. 12) . X 75. a, ventral view; b, dorsal view. Figs. 3 a,b,5.Pidlenia bulloides (d'Orbigny). (Fig. 3, Sta. 45; Fig. 5, Sta. 7). X 65. a, apertural view; b, side view. Fig. 4. Orbulina iiniversa d'Orbigny, var. (Sta. 47). X 40. Figs. 6a, b. Planulina ornata (d'Orbigny). (Sta. 23). X 65. a,b, opposite sides. Figs. 7d-c. Cibicides cicatricosa (Schwager). (Sta. 12). X 65. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, apertural view. CUSHMAN, StI£\\ ART &: S IHWART— Ti;R IIARY FoR VMINIFHRA Pr vrn7 94 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 8 Nodosaria koina Schwager. (Sta. 38). X 120. Robulus americanus (Cushman) , var. spinosus (Cushman) . (Sta. 36). X 70. Bolivina imbricata Cusliman. (Sta. 36) . X 120. Cassidulina corbyi Cushman and Hughes. (Sta. 1). X 70. Lagena williamsoni (Alcock). (Sta. 15). X 120. Figs. 6d-c. Nonionella niiocenica Cushman. (Sta. 12). X 120. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. Figs. 7 d-c. Eponides peruviana (d'Orbigny). (Sta. 13). X 70. a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, peripheral view. Fig- 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Ci'SHMAN, SrEXNART & Stewart — Tertiary Foraminifera Plate 8 Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 50 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Ifol available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask. by A. W. Vogdes MoUusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus -—by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 50 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells _ by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors „ by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, Nov., 1914. Pp. 1-60 _ - 60 cents A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California by E. P. Van Duzce In Memoriam — Henry Hemphill. Vol. II, No. 2, 1916. Pp. 61-76. 25 cents The Variation Exhibited by Andstrodon halys (Pallas), A Pit- Viper Inhabiting the Far East by Joseph C Thompson Vol. II, No. 3, 1916. Pp. 77-102 25 cents Excursion Impressions by Frank Stephens, Forrest Shreve, F. B. Sumner, J. Grinnell, Geo. D. Louderback. Vol III, No. 1, July 20, 1917. Pp. 1-142 $1.40 Palaeozoic Crustacea — The publications and notes on the genera and species during the past twenty years, 1895-1917 by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. Ill, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1919. Pp. 1-40 40 cents An Annotated List of the Birds of San Diego County, Califomia..by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 3, April 20, 1921. Pp. 41-56 25 cents An Annotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California. by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 4, AprU 20, 1921. Pp. 57-69 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County, California _ by Frank Stephens Vol. IV, No. 1, 1924. Pp. 1-158, plates 1, 2 $1.60 Palaeozoic Crustacea. Part I — Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II — List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilobita Part III — Historical Summary of the Ordovidan Genus Cybele Loven. by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. 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Pp. 195-202, plate 24 - --l^ cents A New Echinoid from the California Eocene — by Hubert G. Schenck Vol. V, No. 13, September 1, 1928. Pp. 203-210, plates 25, 26 25 cents A New Fox from die Cape Region of Lower California, I^exico --by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 14, February 27, 1929. Pp. 211-240, plates 27-30, figs. 1-10 50 cents Discocyclina in California by Hubert G. Schenck Vol. V, No. 15, February 27, 1929. Pp. 241-244 15 cents A New Po .'^.'Y 168 San Diego Society of Natural Histor'^ PLATE 16 All specimens are from upper Eocene limestone on Canada de los Sauces, Santa Barbara County, California; Calif. Inst. Tech. Loc. No. 595. Fig. 1. Actinocyclina aster, n. sp. Horizontal section showing median cham- bers, pillars, and solid subsurface rays, which apparently are due to deposition of calcite between closely spaced pillars. Paratype, X 20, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. No. 333. Fig. 2. Actinocyclina aster, n. sp. Horizontal section showing median cham- bers and megalospheric nucleoconch. Paratype, X 20. Calif. Inst. Tech. No. 1154. Fig. 3. Actinocyclina aster, n. sp. Vertical section through three rays. Para- type, X 20. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. No. 334. Fig. 4. Actinocyclina aster, n. sp. Vertical section through center of test. Paratype, X 20. Calif. Inst. Tech. No. 1155. CO "v*.. 170 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 17 Both figures represent random rock sections cut from limestone on south slope of Jalama Creek, Santa Barbara County, California; Calif. Inst. Tech. Loc. No. 596. Fig. 1. Actinocyclina aster, n. sp. (thick) and Discocyclina psila, n. sp. (thin), X 20. Calif. Inst. Tech. No. 1156. Fig. 2. Actinocyclina aster, n. sp. (thick) and Discocyclina psila, n. sp. (thin), X 20. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. No. 335. A small involute Operculina (or Nummulites) is visible in both views. WOODRING — OrBITOID FoRAMINIFERA Plate 17 Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 50 cents Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdcs Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Traslc by A. W. Vogdes Mollusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 50 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, Nov., 1914. Pp. 1-60 60 cents A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California by E. P. Van Duzee In Memoriam — Henry Hemphill. Vol. II, No. 2, 1916. Pp. 61-76 —.. 25 cents The Variation Exhibited by Ancistrodon halys (Pallas), A Pit- Viper Inhabiting the Far East- _...by Joseph C Thompson Vol. II, No. 3, 1916. Pp. 77-102 25 cents Excursion Impressions by Frank Stephens, Forrest Shreve, F. B. Sumner, J. Grinnell, Geo. D. Louderback. Vol III, No. 1, July 20, 1917. Pp. 1-142 $1.40 Palaeozoic Crustacea — The publications and notes on the genera and species during the past twenty years, 1895-1917 „...by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. Ill, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1919. Pp. 1-40 40 cents An Annotated List of the Birds of San Diego County, Califomia..by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 3, April 20, 1921. Pp. 41-56 25 cents An Annotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 4, April 20, 1921. Pp. 57-69 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County, California - by Frank Stephens Vol, IV, No. 1, 1924. Pp. 1-158, plates 1, 2 ^7.60 Palaeozoic Crustacea. Part I — Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II — List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilobita Part III — Historical Summary of the Ordovician Genus Cybele Lovcn by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. Pp. 1-10, plate 1 25 cents A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, with Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Region. _ by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 2, July 14, 1927. Pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 35 cents Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, with the Description of a New Woodpecker from that Locality by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 3, March 15, 1927. Pp. 41-44 15 cents Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California by William S. Wright Vol. V, No. 4, March 15, 1927. Pp. 45-64, plates 4-6 JO cents Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California. by Joseph A. 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Pp. 257-262, plate 31 25 cents A New Miocene Echinoid from California by Hubert Lyman Clark Vol. V, No. 18, August 5, 1929. Pp. 263-282, plates 32-33, figs. 1-9 JO cents Loliolopsis Chiroctes, a INew Genus and Species of Squid from the Gulf of California by S. Stillman Berry Vol. V, No. 19, December 10, 1929. Pp. 283-286 15 cents A New Pacific Race of Gull-Billed Tern by Griffing Bancroft Vol. V, No. 20, December 31, 1929. Pp. 287-296, plate 34 25 cents Fossil Diatoms Dredged from Bering Sea by G. Dallas Hanna Vol. VI, No. 1, February 28, 1930. Pp. 1-40 - 40 cents An Annotated List of the Butterflies of San Diego County, California by William S. Wright Vol. VI, No. 2, February 28, 1930. Pp. 41-94, plates 1-8, chart 60 cents Tertiary Foraminifera From Humboldt County, California. A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna by Joseph A. Cushman and Roscoe E. and Katherine C. Stewart Vol. VI, No. 3, February 28, 1930. Pp. 95-144, plates 9-12, map 50 cents New and Renamed Subspecies of Crotalus Confluentus Say, With Remarks on Related Species by Laurence M. Klauber Vol. VI, No. 4, July 12, 1930. Pp. 145-170, plates 13-17 50 cents Upper Eocene Orbitoid Foraminifera from the Western Santa Ynez Range, California, and their Stratigraphic Significance by W. P. Woodring Vol. VI, No. 5, July 12, 1930. Pp. 171-172 10 cents A New Race of Gilded Flicker from Sonora by A. J. van Rossem Vol. VI, No. 6, July 12, 1930. Pp. 173-182, plates 18, 19 25 cents New Species of MoUusks by Fred Baker and V. D. P. Spicer TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 5, pp. 171-172 July 12, 1930 A NEW RACE OF GILDED FLICKER FROM SONORA BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM California Institute of Technology ; In the course of the past two years several small collections of Sonora birds, totalling some 2500 skins, have been acquired by the Dickey collection at the California Institute of Technology. The writer is at present engaged in preparing a report on this material which contains many interesting range extensions of previously known forms. As publi- cation of the final report will necessarily be delayed for some time due to the fact that field work is still being carried on, it has been decided to publish descriptions of the new forms as they come to Ught. The first of these is given below. Colaptes chrysoides tenebrosus subsp. nov. Type. — Male adult; no. 29,415 collection of Donald R. Dickey; Obregon, Sonora, Mexico; November 6, 1929; collected by J. T. Wright, original number 4366. Subspecific characters. — In general size very similar to Colaptes chrysoides chrysoides (Malherbe) of southern Lower California, but tail relatively and actually longer; coloration darker than any of the previously described races; nearest in this respect to Colaptes chrysoides brunnescens Anthony of northern Lower California, but top of head very much less reddish and underparts more heavily washed with brownish gray. The measurements of the type which has been selected as demonstrating the 172 San Diego Society of Natural History racial average in size are: wing, 146 mm.; tail, 96 mm.; exposed culmen, 35 mm. Range. — Central and southern Sonora, south probably to northern Sinaloa. The habitat of this woodpecker is chiefly the giant cactus {Cereus) association of the Arid Tropical Zone. Remarks. — Gilded Flickers from the range of tenebrosus are, even in relatively worn plumage, so different in color from Colaptes chrysoides mearnsi Ridgway of southeastern California and Arizona with which they have usually been included that comment other than the diagnosis given above is unnecessary. Specimens from Tecoripa and San Javier are some- what intermediate toward mearnsi and these localities are probably not far south of the northern limit of tenebrosus in the interior. Southern Sonora is a region the avifauna of which appears to be set off definitely from that of the northern part of the state. Not only does it mark the northern limits of several Arid Tropical Zone species, but most of the resident forms of wide ranging "plastic" species have been affected to a greater or less degree. The response in almost every instance is smaller size and darker (or more intense) coloration as compared with the northern Sonora and Arizona representatives. The two other genera of wide ranging "plastic" woodpeckers resident in this area show the same relative characters which distinguish the flickers; these are Dryobates scalaris agnus Oberholser and Centurus uropygialis sulfuriventer (Reich- enbach) . Thirteen examples of the new form have been examined from the following localities, all of them in southern Sonora : Tecoripa, San Javier, Guaymas, Tesia, Obregon. Ample series of the three other races have been available for comparison and in this connection I wish to express my appreciation to Mr. Clinton G. Abbott and Mr. Laurence M. Huey for the privilege of using in the present instance the series of Colaptes chrysoides brunnescens in the Museum of Natural History at San Diego. X^' T^f TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 6, pp. 173-182, plates 18, 19 NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS BY Fred Baker & V. D. P. Spicer San Diego Society of Natural History SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society July 12, 1930 S COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor NEW SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS BY Fred Baker 8c V. D. P. Spicer San Diego Society of Natural History The following species of moUusks, all of which seem to be new, were collected by Fred Baker at the widely distributed localities noted in the descriptions. 1. Ostrea hiranoi Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Plate 18, figures 1-3 Shell cup-shaped, having an ovate basal attachment 32 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, then rising abruptly at the distal margin of the base to an altitude of 35 mm.; the inferior valve rising at a right angle to the base, convexly curved, corneous, thin and distantly, concentrically laminate, horn-colored to rosy on the holotype; superior valve slightly convex and parallel to the base over the body cavity, then sharply curved upward to correspond to the contour of the other valve; superior valve much smaller than the inferior; surface laminate, very irregular and showing a slight tendency toward radiate ribbing; color horn, faintly rayed with chestnut and white; umbones nearly obsolete; interior subcentrally brown, margined with white; ligamental attachment small, obtusely triangular; muscle scar large, not impressed. Altitude of inferior valve, 45.9 mm.; length, 47.8 mm. Holotype: with an attached paratype, No. 18,294, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; collected at a depth of sixty fathoms about five miles off the Bay of Obama on the northern coast of Hondo, Japan; May 11, 1914. All specimens were alive when taken, growing on a half grown, dead specimen of Hemifustis colosseus (Lamarck). All except the smallest show the marked tendency to curve sharply upwards nearly at a right angle from the attached portion. The species is named for the late M. Hirano who, when Principal of the Fisheries Products School of Obama, in 1914, honored the senior author with a day's dredging in the power launch of the School manned by a large crew of the students and professors that made possible the handling of the very large trawl used without the aid of hoisting gear. 176 San Diego Society of Natural History 2. Strigatella (Atrimitra) coronadoensis Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Plate 19, figure 1 Shell small, dark brown, fusiform, with four smooth, shining, cream-white nudear whorls forming a moderately expanding, cylindrical nucleus with a blunt apex, abruptly changing to the rapidly expanding, brown postnuclear whorls; postnuclear whorls three, sculptured throughout with strong, nearly vertical, incremental lines enlarging and turning sharply to the right at their upper extremi- ties, and with fine, equidistant, sharply incised, punctate spiral grooves, three appearing on the first whorl, four on the second, and five above the periphery and twelve on the base of the third or body whorl; sutures not impressed, margined below by a narrow line of paler brown, the base also being of a pale asheii brown changing abruptly to the dark brown of the balance of shell at the peripheral groove; whorls slightly convex, shining; aperture narrow, brown; columella with three oblique, whitish plaits; outer lip not thickened or expanded. Altitude, 13 mm.; greatest diameter, 6.25 mm.; length of aperture, 8.25 mm. Holotype: No. 18,295, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; dredged off the southeastern end of Los Coronados Islands, Lower California, Mexico, in 6 to 18 fathoms; August 5, 1902. This species differs from the somewhat similar Strigatella diegensis Dall' in general contour, in the persistence of the incised spiral lines over the base and in the coloring which is generally lighter, and presents a well defined pale line below the sutures and a uniform ashen-brown on the base. Besides other differences, it is distinctly smaller in all corresponding dimensions than Strigatella catalinae DalP and the spire is straight or slightly concave, while in S. catalinae it is convex. 3. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) zaniboangoensis Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Plate 19, figure 2 Shell small, imperforate, regularly elongate-conic, translucent, shining, white; nudear whods about two, nearly vertical, smooth, shining, very slightly immersed in the succeeding turn; postnuclear whorls twelve, marked by strong, nearly vertical, slighdy sinuous axial ribs terminating abruptly on the last whorl at the extension of the last sutural line, many of them being marked by a fine, incised, longitudinal line producing a doubled appearance of the ribs, about four- teen ribs appearing on each whorl; interspaces about equal in width to the axial 1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 56, 1919, p. 309. 2/t/£/.,pp. 308, 309. Baker 3c Spicer — New Mollusks 177 ribs, marked by rather regularly spaced, minute incised spiral lines, between ten and fifteen appearing on each whorl; sutures well defined, impressed but not channeled; base well rounded, rather long, marked by strong incremental lines and by numerous, minute, wavy, incised spiral lines varying extremely in intensity; aperture regularly elongate-oval; posterior angle acute; outer and basal lips thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella concave, moderately calloused, slightly reflected at the umbilical region, showing only a trace of a fold at its insertion; parietal wall slightly calloused. Length, 5.4 mm.; diameter, .9 mm. Holotype: No. 18,296, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History, and a single half grown paratype in the Baker collec- tion; dredged in the Basilan Channel off the City of Zamboanga, Min- danao, Philippine Islands, in about four fathoms; February 24, 1914. The species is certainly different from any species heretofore des- cribed from the Philippine Islands and seems to be different from any species already described, 4. Gibbula harrisi Baker and Spicer, sp. no v. Plate 19, figures 3, 4 Shell small, rather thin, turbinate-conic, perforate; color pattern white, with a spiral series of ashy-brown flames just below the sutures, showing indistinctly on the first postnuclear whorl, progressively increasing and extending irregularly over the base; nuclear whorls two, very small, shining, ash-colored; postnuclear whorls four, narrowly, flatly shouldered above, very convex below, the first small but prominent from the beginning, marked by a single spiral cord with about eight shining, beadlike tubercles, this cord continuing prominently to the edge of the aperture and marking the lower edge of the shoulder; a second similar but smaller spiral cord appearing on the second whorl near the suture, with a third intercalating at the beginning of the third turn and a fourth appearing just below the suture in the third turn, marking the upper edge of the shoulder and extending to the aperture; these spiral cords crossed by very numerous, nearly equal but rather irregularly spaced, retractive, sinuous axial ribs extending more or less continuously over all the whorls and base deep into the umbilicus, rather badly defined on the upper turns, but with about fifty showing on the penultimate turn and eighty on the last; interspaces between the spiral cords and axial ribs generally squarish over the convex portion of the whorls and elongated axially on the shoulder; intersections of the ribs and cords marked by rounded, beadlike tubercles, with other finer tubercles irregularly placed on the axial ribs, in places giving the appearance of very minute spiral cords between the main cords; peripheral cord only slightly more prominent than the preceding one, scarcely carinating the periphery; base well rounded, marked by continuations of the axial ribs and by about six nearly equal and equally spaced spiral cords beaded at the intersections, the interspace between the upper and peripheral cord being 178 San Diego Society of Natural History slightly broader than the succeeding ones; umbilicus broadly funnel-shaped, perspective, contained about four times in the greatest diameter of the shell, marked by at least seven spiral cords disappearing within, crossed by the axial ribs and producing the same beading as on the rest of the shell; aperture almost exactly circular, nacreous within, marked by yellowish to greenish luster; peritreme continuous, thin, without callus, showing the external sculpture within, not reflected but encroaching on the otherwise circular umbilicus on the columellar side; operculum circular, concave, corneous, thin, shining, pale brown with nine narrow whorls; nucleus central. Altitude, 1.3 mm.; greatest diameter, 1.6 mm.; least diameter, 1.4 mm. Holotype: No. 18,297, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History, and about thirty paratypes in the Baker and Spicer collections; dredged in the Basilan Channel off the City of Zamboanga, Mindanao, Philippine Islands, in about four fathoms; February 24, 1914. The species, which seems to be new, differs from all species of Gibbula described from the Philippine Islands and bears no marked resemblance to any known species. The color pattern suggests that of Margarites parci- pictus (Carpenter)/ from the California Coast. Although the shell is very small, the number taken, all of about the same size and apparently nearly, or quite mature, seems to warrant its characterization. The species is named for Mr. Wray Harris, known for his extensive collections of moUusks in the Samoan Islands. 3 Suppl. Rep. Brit. Assoc, 1864, p. 653. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 180 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 18 Fig. 1. Hemifusiis colosseus (Lamarck), with attached Ojfred /jiVdnoi Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Fig. 2. Ostrea hiranoi Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Holotype, side view. Alt. of inferior valve, 45.9 mm.; length, 47.8 mm. Fig. 3. Same, top view. Baker & Spicer — New Mollusks Plate 18 / 182 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 19 Fig. 1. Strigatella {Atrhnitra) coronadoensis Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Holotype. Alt., 13 mm. Fig. 2. Turbonilla (Strioturbonilla) Z'iniboangoensis Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Holotype. Alt., 5.4 mm. (Subsequent to description and measurement, the apex of this specimen was accidentally broken off. The figure was made after mending.) Fig. 3. Gibbula harrisi Baker and Spicer, sp. nov. Holotype, side view. Alt., 1.3 mm. Fig. 4. Same, bottom view. Baker Sc Spicer — New Mollusks Plate 19 o^ O > / • TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 7, pp. 183-196, plate 20 NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF EPITONIUM, SUBGENUS NITIDISCALA, FROM THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY A. M. Strong Los Angeles, California SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society August 30, 1930 COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF EPITONIUM, SUBGENUS NITIDISCALA, FROM THE WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA BY A. M. Strong Los A ngeles, California Dr. P. P. Carpenter, in his review of the shells from the Vancouver and CaHfornia provinces, published in the Report of the British Associa- tion for the Advancement of Sciences for 1863, issued in 1864 and com- monly referred to as the "Supplementary Report", listed six species under the genus name of Scalaria which are now placed in the genus Epitonium, subgenus Nitidiscala. Four of these are given as new and are the first species of the genus to be described from the provinces. The other two are referred to species previously described, respectively, from the Philip- pines and Panama. A considerable amount of material was available to Carpenter in this work and it is to be expected that most of the shore forms were represented, though the number of specimens of some of them was probably few. That Carpenter was somewhat uncertain in regard to his determinations in Scalaria is shown by the use of question marks and the following statement made in connection with his description of the Panama species : "The above species are published with doubt, as Scalaria Site seldom seen in sufficient numbers to ascertain the limits of specific variation. Species described from one or two specimens must always be re- garded as provisionally registered."^ Carpenter did not designate type specimens and the material on which he based his descriptions is in some cases difficult to place. Moreover, he would seem to have changed the use of names in later identifications. Other writers have followed these changes without referring to original descriptions or material, resulting in much confusion. A few of the west coast species are now available in large numbers, making it possible to draw definite conclusions in regard to them. In these it is found that the number of varices and length and diameter for a given number of whorls are among the least variable characters. Little attention seems to have been paid to these characters. A comparison of ' Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1856, p. 165. 186 San Diego Society of Natural History Dall's identifications and Arnold's descriptions with Carpenter's original descriptions shows wide differences on these points. There is little difficulty in placing Carpenter's Scalaria (? var. indianorum) tincta, which is listed^ as inhabiting Cedros Islands, Lower California (Ayres) , and San Pedro (Cooper) , with the comment, "The Lower California shell may prove distinct". The species is briefly de- scribed as^ "Costae acute, not reflexed, whorls posteriorly tinged with brownish purple." The only Epitonhim known from the coast which could be described as posteriorly tinged with brownish purple is a small shell which is quite common along the southern California coast. They live in colonies in the sand at the base of sea anemones, to which they are attached by a mucus thread. The number of varices vary from 10 to 13, with a great deal of variation in the amount of coronation or angulation at the shoulder of the whorl. In some specimens the varices round into the suture with almost no sign of angulation, in others a varying number of the upper whorls show distinct coronation, while the varices on the later whorls are rounded. Occasional specimens are found on which the coronation is distinct on all whorls. The amount of reflection to the varices is also quite variable. The extent of the brown coloration in the suture is sometimes slight and in all cases fades out in dead shells or those which have been in a cabinet for any length of time. A typical adult shell with 3 smooth nuclear and 8 subsequent sculptured whorls measures 12 mm. in length by 5.5 mm. in diameter. Carpenter gave no measurements or detailed description for this species. A specimen. No. 19,510 in the United States National Museum, is labeled "Scalaria indianorum variety" and was collected by Cooper at San Pedro. It is probably one of the specimens referred to by Carpenter in his description. While this shell now shows no signs of the brown coloration, it agrees in all other ways with living shells from the same locality which show the colored band at the suture. Scalaria indianorum is listed by Carpenter from Neah Bay, Wash- ington (Swan),** and described' as having 8 to 15 (usually about 12) varices and 10 whorls measuring 26 mm. in length by 9 mm. in diameter. A specimen, No. 15,521 in the United States National Museum, from a 2 Suppl. Report, 1864, p. 660, No. 409b. 3 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 31. 4 Suppl. Report, 1864, p. 660, No. 409. 5 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 31. Strong — Epitoniums from the West Coast 187 lot labeled "Type of S. indianorum Cpr.," with 12 varices and 8 whorls without the lost nucleus, agrees otherwise with the description. Except for the much larger size, the description would come very close to a bleached specimen of Epitonium tinctum Cpr. on which the coronation and reflection to the varices is slight. It is evidently for this reason that Carpenter listed the latter as a doubtful variety. Epitonium indiano- rum Cpr. is a well recognized species which never shows any sign of the brown coloration in the suture. It is not only the largest member of the subgenus on the coast but the most northern in its distribution. Mr. George Willett, of the Los Angeles Museum, has collected the species in considerable numbers at Forrester Island, Alaska, some of the speci- mens with 12 whorls reaching a length of 35 mm. The unusual variation in the number of varices given in the description indicates that Carpenter may have included more than one species under the name in his deter- minations. The southern California record for the species is very doubt- ful and probably based on the consideration that Epitonium tinctum Cpr. can be classed as a variety. "Scalaria subcoronata n.s." is listed by Carpenter from Monterey^ and described as a shell with but 13 varices, a little coronated in the young shell, and 10 whorls measuring 11 mm, in length by 5.5 mm. in diameter. Carpenter states in his description that the species is "State Collection No. 393a". This collection, made by Cooper for the Califor- nia State Geological Survey, was later turned over to the State University, but the numbers do not seem to have been preserved. Specimens in the University of California collection marked ''^Epitonium subcoronatum Cpr., Cooper collection" are probably the ones referred to. A specimen. No. 14,830b in the United States National Museum, is from a lot labeled "Type of E. subcoronatum Cpr." and the lot is undoubtedly part of the original material. In both cases the specimens agree with Carpenter's description and measurements, but they are the shells which in a fresh condition show the brown coloration in the suture. Scalaria subcoronata Cpr. must be considered a synonym of Epitonium tinctum Cpr. "Scalaria crebricostata n.s." was first mentioned by Carpenter as occurring at Monterey and San Pedro^ and later described^ as a shell with 10 whorls, measuring 17.5 mm. in length by 4.5 mm. in diameter, 6Suppl. Report., 1864, p. 660, No. 411. 7 Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., vol. 3, 1865, p. 221. SSuppl. Report, 1864, p. 660, No. 412. 188 San Diego Society of Natural History having 15 reflexed varices, coronating against the suture. This would seem to be a much more slender shell than the others with more varices. Carpenter states in his description that the species is "State Collection No. 393". A lot in the University of California collection labeled "Epi- tonium crebricostatiim Cpr., Cooper Collection" contains a number of specimens of Epitonium tinctum Cpr. and a single slender specimen with more numerous varices which seems to be the young of a different species. A specimen, No. 14,831 in the United States National Museum, is said to be characteristic of a lot labeled "Type of E. crebricostatum Cpr." It is much shorter and wider than the dimensions given by Carpenter and has only 12 varices. The varices are strongly reflected and coronated, with the exposed faces deeply axially striated. In size, shape, and number of varices this specimen agrees with Epitonium tinctum Cpr. and in spite of being a thicker and heavier shell may be an extreme form of that species. Unless a definite type can be fixed for Carpenter's description, the species must be left as indeterminate. Carpenter also listed "Scalaria ^gracilis" and "Scalaria ?Cumingii" as occurring at San Diego. ""^ Dall states that Scalaria gracilis Sby. '' "was originally described as a Philippine shell and its reference to the west coast of America is due to a misidentification." Scalaria cumingii Cpr. was described from Panama^' as a shell with 8 or 9 varices, measuring 9 mm. in length by 3.5 mm. in diameter. No further reference to these two species from the California coast is found in the literature and it would be difficult to determine which of the California shells were referred to by Carpenter under these names. Dr. J. G. Cooper, who collected many of the shells described and identified by Carpenter, lists'^ Scala hindsii Cpr. as living. Bodega Bay to San Diego, and adds "Given in Catal. of 1888 as S. subcoronata which is now called a variety of the Panama shell, though specimens have not been found in Mexico." Scalaria hindsii Cpr. was described from Pana- ma^'* as a shell having 10 whorls, measuring 26 mm. in length by 10 mm. 9 Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., vol. 3, 1865, p. 222. lOSuppl. Report, 1864, p. 660. n Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 487. 12 Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1856, p. 165. 13 Cal. State Mining Bureau, Bulletin No. 4, 1894, p. 31. H Proc. Zool. Soc, London, 1856, p. 165. Strong — Epitoniums from the West Coast 189 in diameter, with 8 sharp varices. This is evidently a case where Carpenter changed identifications without a pubUshed record. Dr. Ralph Arnold described a number of Pleistocene and Pliocene '' fossils from San Pedro, California, under the genus name of Scala. Among these the four belonging in the subgenus Nitidiscala are referred to Carpenter's living species on the strength of identifications made by Dr. Dall. Scala crebricostata Cpr. is very briefly described'^ without measurements or figure. It is stated that the "specimens are identified as questionable by Dr. Dall." Scala indianorum Cpr. is described and figured as a shell with 10 whorls and 12 to 16 heavy varices, measuring 26.5 mm. in length by 9 mm. in diameter. The description agrees in every way with Carpenter's original description. Scala hindsii Cpr. is stated'^ to equal Scalaria subcoronata Cpr. {fide Cooper) and is described as a shell with 8 whorls, 8 to 12 varices, sometimes reflexed and prominently coronated. The measurements are given as length 11.5 mm., diameter 5.2 mm. The description agrees with the original description of Scalaria subcoronata Cpr. and with those specimens of the living Epitonium tinctum Cpr. on which all the whorls show the coronation of the varices. Under the name of Scala tincta Cpr. Arnold described and figured'^ a shell with 9 or 10 whorls and 10 to 12 varices measuring 25 mm. in length by 10 mm. in diameter. It is stated that this shell differs from Scala indianorum Cpr. by having "a more delicate shell, thinner varices, which are not reflexed as a rule, thinner lip and much deeper suture." This is a larger shell and quite different from Epitonium tinctum Cpr. as known from the living specimens. Both the description and figure agree quite well with a shell which is frequently washed in along the sandy beaches of the California coast. A specimen of this shell, No. 56052 in the United States National Museum, bears a label showing an old identification by Dr. Dall as "Epitonium indianorum tinctum Cpr." The specimen comes from Monterey. This species seems to be left without a name and is described as Epitonium (Nitidiscala) cooperi in the present paper. Dr. Dall in 1917 made the following statement in regard to the use 1' The beds which Arnold assigned to the upper Pliocene are now believed to be lower Pleistocene. 16 Mem. Cal. Ac. Sci., vol. 3, 1903, p. 263. 17 loc. cit., p. 264, pi. 5, fig. 4. '8 loc. cit., p. 264. I'/oc.c/V., p. 265, pi. 5, fig. 3. 190 San Diego Society of Natural History of the name Epitonium hindsii Cpr. for a California shell^° : "Carpenter described from Panama a species of Nitidoscala with 8 varices, under the name of S. hindsii. By some confusion he later transferred the name in 1865 to a well known shell from California which has II to 14 varices". Dall proposed the name of Epitonium fallaciosum for the shell "com- monly known from California as S. hindsii Cpr." but gave no description, designated no type and gave no references to any published record. In a later publication,^' under Nitidoscala fallaciosa Dall, he referred to Keep, West Coast Shells (ed. 1911), p. 183, fig. 174. This is a figure of an adult specimen of Epitonium tinctum Cpr, A specimen. No. 46,222 in the United States National Museum, is labeled E. "hindsii" Cpr. =falldcio- sum Dall, San Pedro, Carpenter. This is the same as the shell described by Arnold as Scala tincta Cpr. Specimens in the Cooper, Hemphill and other old California collections show that the name S. hindsii Cpr. has been ap- plied to two distinct species of California shells. However, Cooper and Arnold are the only ones definitely to fix the names by published records. In view of these facts it is evident that the shell "commonly known from California as S. hindsii Cpr." is Epitonium tinctum Cpr. and, in spite of the fact that Dall probably did not so intend it, Epitonium fallaciosum Dall must take its place with "Epitonium subcoronatum" (Cpr.) in the synonymy of tinctum. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tiara Cpr. is listed by Dall" from Califor- nia and he states"^ "This species has 12 varices and ranges from Catalina to Todos Santos Bay, Lower California, according to specimens so named by Carpenter in the Stearns' collection. It was originally described from Panama and I feel some doubt as to whether the California species is con- specific with that from Panama, but the question can only be settled by a comparison with the type in the British Museum." The shell described by Carpenter was in the Cuming collection from Panama. It has been pointed out by Gray and others that the original type lots in this collec- tion were in some cases replaced by better specimens, not always from the type locality, and the types so lost. In the case of the smaller shells, to which the earlier authorities paid little attention, this leads to much un- 20Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 478. 21 Bulletin 112, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1921, p. 115. 22 Bulletin 112, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1921, p. 115. 23 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 480. Strong — Epitoniums from the West Coast 191 certainty. Carpenter's description,''* which is very brief, calls for a shell of 7 whorls measuring 7 mm. in length by 4 mm, in diameter, with the varices slightly winged below the sutures, and might easily apply to several different species equally well. In order to determine the species it would be necessary to compare a representative collection from the Panama fauna with both Carpenter's description and the specimens in the Cuming collection. Carpenter's specimens in the Stearns' collection can not be located and in view of the lack of all positive data it would seem best to cancel the name from the California lists. In addition to the species described by Carpenter, the subgenus Nitidiscald contains about fifteen species which are described or recorded from California. Most of these are from deep water and are known to the California collectors by only a few specimens, if at all. A few species have been collected in considerable numbers. Among these is Epitonium sawinae Dall,'^ described as collected off the south side of Catalina Island. Epitonium sawinae variety ? catalinense DalP^ was later described from Catalina and the range of the typical form given as from Vancouver to San Diego, and possibly to the Gulf of California. Still later, Dalb listed these two forms as distinct species and gave the range of Epitonium sawinae Dall as from Monterey to Catalina Island. Epitonium catalinense Dall is listed only from the type locality, Catalina Island, and is said to differ in the greater number of varices, 22 to 24 as against 16 to 19 in Epitonium sawinae, in the absence of angulation to the varices and by the presence of a minute umbilical perforation. There is also some difference in the measurements of the type specimens. An examination of a large number of specimens dredged in from 10 to 40 fms. at various points off the coast of southern California shows that these differences are not con- stant. The number of varices is more often over 20 than under and nearly all show at least some sign of angulation or spine on the varices at the shoulder of the whorls. Epitonium catalinense can hardly be considered even as a valid variety of Epitonium sawinae. Epitonium catalinae Dall' is an entirely different shell. Packard reports"^ that Epitonium sawinae 24Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 165. 25 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, 1903, p. 193. 26 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 481. 27 Bulletin 112, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1921, p. 115. 28 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 34, 1908, p. 252. 29 Univ. Calif. Publ. in Zool., vol. 14, 1918, p. 319. 192 San Diego Society of Natural History was dredged in considerable numbers in from 39 to 46 fms. off the Golden Gate, San Francisco. Another species in the subgenus which has been collected in large numbers in southern California is found living just under the surface of the mud on the tide flats of the bays. It has been identified as Epitonium subcoronatum Cpr. but, while it is of about the same length and has about the same number of whorls as those called for in Carpenter's description, it is a much more slender shell. The strongly reflected varices number 9 or 10 and are deeply axially striated. This seems to be the shell described as Epitonium californicum Dall.'*^ The type locality for the species is given as San Miguel Island and the range from there to the Gulf of California. More complete descriptions of these five species have been prepared and figures of the specimens in the U. S. National Museum secured. In addition, good specimens from the local collections have been figured and the specimens themselves placed in the type collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History. Sufficient material to fix the geographic ranges for the various species was not available. The writer wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Dr. Alexander Wetmore, of the U. S. National Museum, for photographs and the loan of specimens, to Mr. Wayne Loel for the photographs of the specimens placed in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History, and to Dr. U. S. Grant, IV, for assistance in the preparation of the manu- script. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) indianorum (Carpenter) Plate 20, figures 1, 2a, 2b Scalaria indianorum Carpenter, Suppl. Report, British Assoc, 1864, p. 660. — Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 31. Scala indianorum Carpenter, Arnold, Mem. Cal. Ac. Sci., vol. 3, 1903, p. 264, pi. 5, fig. 4. Epitonium indianorum Carpenter, Oldroyd, Univ. Washington, Publ. Puget Sound Biol. Sta., vol. 4, 1924, p. 107. Epitonium indianorum Carpenter, Oldroyd, Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1927, p. 57. Shell large for the genus, white, fairly thick; apex very sharp, with the extreme tip broken in all the specimens examined; remaining whorls about 1 1 in the adult, well rounded and separated by a deep suture, regularly increasing in size, forming a slender, turreted spire; ornamented with 13 or 14 thin varices 30Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 482. Strong — Epitoniums from the West Coast 193 which meet and fuse in the suture and ascend the spire in a continuous line ap- proximately parallel with the right side of the shell; on the middle and lower portion of the whorls the varices are somewhat reflected, exposing the edges of the layers of cell-structure as fine axial striations; at the shoulder of the whorls the varices become erect and are more or less expanded to form coronating points, beyond which they dip concavely into the suture; on the base the varices continue without change to the raised columellar lip with which they fuse; spiral sculpture entirely absent; aperture nearly circular; columellar lip evenly curved, slightly expanded at the junction with the basal lip and extending posteriorly to a junrtion with the outer lip, which is thickened by the last varix. The specimen figured as No. 343, S.D.S.N.H., was collected by Mr. George Willett at Forrester Island, Alaska, and measures, length 35, maximum diameter 12 mm. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tinctum (Carpenter) Plate 20, figures 3, 4, 5a, 5b Scalaria (? indianorum var.) tincta Carpenter, Suppl. Report, British Assoc, 1864, p. 660.— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 15, 1865, p. 31. Scalaria subcoronata Carpenter, Suppl. Report, British Assoc, 1864, p. 660. — Proc Cal. Ac Sci., vol. 3, 1865, p. 221. Scald hindsii Carpenter, Arnold, Mem. Cal. Ac. Sci. vol. 3, 1903, p. 264. Epitonium hindsii Carpenter, Keep, West Coast Shells, ed. 1911, p. 183, fig. 174. Epitonium (Nitidoscala) fallaciosiim Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 478. Epitonium tinctum Carpenter, Oldroyd, Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1927, p. 58. Epitonium subcoronatiim Carpenter, Oldroyd, Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1927, p. 58. Epitonium fallaciosum Dall, Oldroyd, Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1927, p. 59. Shell small, fairly thick, with, in fresh specimens, a narrow, ill-defined, purplish or brownish band just below the sutures; nuclear whorls 3, minute, elevated, smooth, separated from the normal whorls by a slight constriction and forming a sharp point to the spire; normal whorls about 8 in the adult, well rounded and separated by a deep suture, rapidly but regularly increasing in size; ornamented with 11 or 12 sharp varices which meet and fuse in the sutures and ascend the spire in a continuous line approximately parallel with the right side of the shell; on the middle and lower portion of the whorls the varices are more or less reflected, exposing the edges of the layers of cell-structure as axial stria- tions; in the sutures the varices become erect and at the shoulder of the whorls are frequently expanded to form coronating points; on the base the varices continue without change to the raised columellar lip with which they fuse; spiral sculpture entirely absent; aperture nearly cricular; columellar lip curved, becoming thick- ened anteriorly, and extending posteriorly to a junction with the outer lip, which is thickened by the last varix. 194 San Diego Society of Natural History The specimen figured as No. 344, S.D.S.N.H., comes from Point Vincent, near San Pedro, California, and measures, length 12, maximum diameter 5.5 mm. The species differs from Epitonhim indianorum (Carpenter) princi- pally in the smaller size, more robust form, and in the presence of the color band. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) cooperi Strong, new species Plate 20, figures 6a, 6b, 7, 8a, 8b "Scala t'tncta Carpenter," Arnold, Mem. Cal. Ac. Sci., vol. 3, 1903, p. 265, pi. 5, fig. 3, not of Carpenter, 1864. Epitonium hindsii (Carpenter), Packard, Univ. Cal. Publ. in Zool., vol. 14, 1918, p. 319, pi. 36, figs. 14a and 14b. Epitonium fallaciosum Dall, Jordan, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., ser. 4, vol. 15, 1926, p. 245. Shell of medium size, pure white, thin; apex sharp, with the extreme tip broken in all the specimens examined; remaining whorls about 8 in the adult, almost semi-circular in outline between the very deep sutures, regularly increasing in size, forming a slender turreted spire; ornamented with 11 or 12 thin varices which touch the varix on the proceeding whorl before reaching the bottom of the suture, but which do not fuse, and ascend the spire in a continuous line approxi- mately parallel with the right side of the shell; varices on the middle and lower portion of the whorls somewhat reflexed, exposing the edges of the layers of cell-structure as faint axial striations, becoming erect and expanded at the shoulder of the whorls where they form coronating points, beyond which they dip concavely into the sutures; on the base the varices continue without change to the raised columellar lip under which they dip; spiral sculpture entirely absent; aperture nearly circular; columellar lip raised, sharp, curved, somewhat expanded at the junction with the basal lip, extending posteriorly to a junction with the outer lip, which is thickened by the last varix. The type, No. 345, S.D.S.N.H., comes from San Pedro, California, and measures, length 20, maximum diameter 8 mm. The species differs from the other species in the subgenus found on the west coast in the thinness of the shell and the very deep sutures be- tween the loosely coiled whorls. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) sawinae Dall Plate 20, figures 9, 10 Epitonium sawinae Dall, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 16, 1903, p. 193. — Bulletin 112, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1921, pi. 6, fig. 12. Epitonium sawinae Dall, variety ? catalinense Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 481. Epitonium sawinae Dall, Packard, Univ. Cal. Publ. in Zool., vol. 14, 1918, p. 319. Epitonium sawinae Dall, Oldroyd, Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., vol 2, pt. 2, 1927, p. 60. Strong — Epitoniums from the West Coast 195 Epitotitum cataltnense Dall, Oldroyd, Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1927, p. 61. Shell small, white, thin; nuclear whorls a little over 3, minute, elevated, sculptured with microscopic axial striations, the sculpture changing abrupdy to that of the normal whorls; normal whorls about 8 in the adult, well rounded and separated by a deep suture, regularly increasing in size, forming a slender turreted spire; ornamented with numerous, low, sharp, nearly erect varices, which vary in number on the different whorls as well as on different specimens, but average about 20; varices not always meeting in the sutures but, when they do, fusing and ascending the spire in a line approximately parallel with the right side of the shell; at the shoulder of the whorls there is sometimes developed an expanded angle or even a small, sharp spine; on the base the varices continue without change to the base of the columellar lip; spiral sculpture entirely absent; aperture nearly circular; columellar lip thin, sharp, curved, flatly reflected toward the junction with the basal lip, the reflection more or less completely concealing a minute umbilical perforation, and extending posteriorly to a junction with the outer lip, which is thickened by the last varix. The type, which is figured, was dredged near Avalon, Catalina Island, California, and measures, length 10.5, maximum diameter 4 mm. The large number of sharp varices makes the species quite distinct among the west coast species in the subgenus. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) californicum Dall Plate 20, figures 11, 12a, 12b Epitonium calijorTitcum Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 53, 1917, p. 481. Epitonium calijornicuni Dall, Oldroyd, Stanford Univ. Publ., Geol. Sci., vol. 2, pt. 2, 1927, p. 62. Shell small, white, thin; nuclear whorls about one and a half, forming a flattened point to the sharp apex; normal whorls about 9 in the adult, well rounded and separated by a deep suture, regularly increasing in size, forming a slender turreted spire; ornamented with 9 or 10 thin varices which meet and fuse in the sutures and ascend the spire in a continuous line approximately parallel with the right side of the shell; the varices are strongly reflected and the edges of the layers of cell-strurture separate to form deep axial striations; just below the suture the varices are suddenly contracted, leaving a sharp angle or spine coronat- ing the shoulder of the whorls; on the base the varices continue to the raised columellar lip under which they dip; spiral sculpture entirely absent; aperture nearly circular; columellar lip curved, becoming expanded and striated anteriorly, and extending posteriorly to the junction with the outer lip, which is thickened by the last varix. The specimen figured, No. 346 S.D.S.N.H., comes from Alamitos Bay, Los Angeles County, California, and measures, length 10, maximum diameter 4 mm. This species resembles Epitonium tinctum (Carpenter) in many ways, but differs in the more slender form, fewer and more reflected varices and in the lack of the color band. 196 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 20 Fig. 1. Epitonium (Nitidiscala) indianorum (Carpenter). Type, No. 15,521 in the U. S. National Museum, from Neah Bay, Washington. Carpenter describes the species as having 10 whorls and measuring, length 26, diameter 9 mm. Figs. 2a, 2b. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) indianorum (Carpenter). Plesiotype, No. 343, S.D.S.N.H., from Forrester Island, Alaska. Length 35, diameter 11 mm. Fig. 3. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) tinctum (Carpenter) . Specimen No. 19,510 in the U. S. National Museum, labelled "Scalaria indianorum variety." It was collected by Cooper at San Pedro, California, and probably is the specimen cited by Carpenter in his original description of variety tincta. The figure is from a U. S. National Museum photograph stated to be twice natural size. Fig. 4. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) tinctum (Carpenter). Specimen No. 13,830b in the U. S. National Museum, from the lot marked "Type of E. subcoronatum Cpr." The specimen came from Monterey, California, and the measurements are given in the original description as length 11, diameter 5.5 mm. Figs. 5a, 5b. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) tinctum (Carpenter) . Plesiotype, No. 344, S.D.S.N.H., from Point Vincent, near San Pedro, California. Length 12, diameter 5.5 mm. Figs. 6a, 6b. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) cooperi Strong, n. s. Type, No. 345, S.D.S.N.H., from San Pedro, California. Length 20, diam- eter 8 mm. Fig. 7. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) cooperi Strong, n. s. Specimen No. 46,222, a paratype, in the U. S. National Museum, labelled "E. hindsii = fallaciosiun Dall from San Pedro." Figs. 8a, 8b. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) cooperi Strong, n. s. Specimen No. 56,052, a paratype, in the U. S. National Museum, labelled "£. indianorum tinctum Cpr., Monterey, identified by Dall." Length 14, diameter 6 mm. Fig. 9. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) sawinae Dall. Type, No. 109,309 in the U. S. National Museum. It was dredged near Avalon, Catalina Island, California, and the measurements are given as length 10.5, diameter 4 mm. Fig. 10. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) sawinae catalinense Dall. Type, No. 109,502 in the U. S. National Museum. It was dredged off Catalina Island, California, and the measurements are given as length 13.5, diameter 6 mm. Fig. 11. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) calijornicum Dall Type, No. 201,202 in the U. S. National Museum. The type locality is given as San Miguel Island, California, and the measurements as length 10.5, diameter 4 mm. Figs. 12a, 12b. Epitonium {Nitidiscala) calif ornicum Dall. Plesiotype, No. 346, S.D.S.N.H., from Alamitos Bay, Los Angeles County, California. Length 10, diameter 4 mm. Strong — Epitoniums from the West Coast Plate 20 TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 8, pp. 197-198 August 30, 1930 S TWO NEW SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS FROM SONORA BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM Califortiia Insiitute of Technology Further study of the Sonora bird skins recently acquired by the Dickey collection from Mr. Griffing Bancroft has revealed the existence of two more geographic races, in this instance pale colored representatives of Tropical Zone species which here reach their northern limits. These are formally described below. Columba flavirostris restricta subsp. nov. Type.— Male adult; no. 27,889, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Tecoripa, Sonora, Mexico; March 5, 1929; collected by J. T. Wright, original number 2677. Subspeafic characters. — Coloration throughout paler than that of Columba flavirostris flavirostris Wagler of eastern and southern Mexico and northern Central America, with the gray areas more extended and the red areas, particularly on the wing coverts and underparts, more restricted; greater wing coverts more noticeably edged with grayish white. j^ange. — Central and southern Sonora and probably most of Sinaloa, Mexico. Remarks.—'^. DeWitt Miller (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 21, 1905, p. 344) noted the pecularities shown by five specimens of the Red-billed Pigeon from Esquinapa, southern Sinaloa, and it is certain from his remarks that if birds from that locality are not actually restricta they are at least intergrades with strong tendencies in that direction. Throughout the range of true flavirostris there is remarkably little geographic variation. There appear to be no differences between specimens from such widely separated points as Texas, Vera Cruz and El Salvador, save that Texas birds may, on the basis of published measurements, average very slightly the largest. The two Texas birds and the two from Vera Cruz examined in the present connection are certainly indistinguishable by any standards of either measurement or color from the El Salvador series. 198 San Diego Society of Natural History As the type locality of Wagler's Columba jlavirostris is no more definite than "Mexico," I suggest that it be restricted to the State of Vera Cruz. Specimens examined. — Columba jlavirostris jlavirostris: Texas, 2; Vera Cruz, 2; El Salvador, 12. Columba jlaviostris restricta: Sonora (Tecoripa, Chinobampo, Guirocoba) , 4. Myiozetetes similis primulus subsp. nov. Type. — Male adult; no. 29,590, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Tesia, Sonora, Mexico; December 4, 1929; collected by J. T. Wright, original number 4602. Subspecific characters. — Most nearly resembling Myiozetetes similis super- ciliosus (Bonaparte) of Central America and southern Mexico, but coloration paler throughout; underparts "citron yellow"^ or "primrose yellow" instead of canary or "lemon yellow"; upperparts more ashy (less greenish) olive; wing coverts noticeably margined with pale edgings; general size slightly larger, with relatively longer tail. The measurements of the type, which represents the racial average in size as well as color, are: wing, 96 mm., tail, 80 mm. Range. — Southern Sonora, south at least to northern Sinaloa. Remarks. — The relatively prominent edging on the wing coverts is a pro- nounced character and presents a certain parallel in this respect to Myiozetetes similis columbianus of southwestern Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. This condition is practically obsolete in superciliosus. Although there is a steady increase in size from Costa Rica northward it is only in northwestern Mexico that there appears to be any change in coloration. Specimens from Alta Mira, Tamaulipas, on the gulf coast of Mexico, are scarcely, if at all, distinguishable in color from El Salvador examples (which are essential topotypes of superciliosus) , but are fully as large as prijnulus. Specimens examined. — Myiozetetes similis superciliosus: Costa Rica, 5; El Salvador, 18; Mexico (Tamaulipas), 5. Myiozetetes similis columbianus: Costa Rica, 4. Myiozetetes siinilis primulus: Sonora (Tesia), 19; Sinaloa (San Bias), 2. In connection with the present work I wish to thank the authorities of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Massachusetts and the Natural History Museum at San Diego for the loan of specimens required for comparisons. 1 RiDGWAY. Color standards and color nomenclature, 1912. TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 9, pp. 199-202 August 30, 1930 THE RACES OF AURIPARUS FLAVICEPS (SUNDEVALL) BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM .' California Institute of Technology For some years the gradually accumulating series of verdins in the Dickey collection at the California Institute of Technology has made in- creasingly apparent the necessity for revisionary work. The current arrangement whereby all the verdins from the northern portion of the range, from the Gulf of Mexico to California are considered to be one form while those from Lower California and southern Sonora are "lumped" under another becomes, in the light of new material, not only untenable because of the differences displayed by the birds themselves, but presents decided incongruities if faunal areas are given any consid- eration. Briefly the essential highlights in the nomenclatural history of the verdin are as follows: Sundevall (Ofversigt Vet. Ak. Forh., 7, 1850, 129) first named the species Aegithalus flaviceps giving as the type locality "Sitka or California"; Lawrence two years later, (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 5, 1852, 112, pi. 5, fig. 1 ) undoubtedly unaware of Sundevall's prior work, described and figured the verdin from "The Rio Grande in Texas" as Conirostrum ornatum; Baird (Rev. Amer. Birds, 1858, 85) recognized the fact that the species was subject to geographic variation, but Bryant (Zoe, 1, 1890, 150) was the first to propose a name, Auriparus flaviceps ornatus, for the "pale western bird". Unfortunately Bryant's name could not be used, for not only is it preoccupied by ornatum of Lawrence but is a strict synonym of Sundevall's flaviceps. It remained for 200 San Diego Society of Natural History Oberholser (Auk, 14, 1897, 391 ) to make the first acceptable division of the species into two geographic races and formally to name the Lower California bird Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus with Cape San Lucas as the type locality. Ridgway (Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 3, 1904, pp. 420-423) followed, for the most part, the arrangement of Oberholser but included Sonora in the range of the Lower California race. Thus matters have rested for the past twenty-four years. The present writer is able to recognize four geographic variants, synopses of which are given below. Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sundevall) Aegithalus flaviceps Sundevall, Ofversigt Vet. Ak. Forh., 7, 1850, 129 ("Sitka or California". [As the first mentioned locality is an obvious absurdity and as no previous reviser has restricted the type locality I designate Fort Yuma, California as appropriate]). Subspecific characters. — Coloration palest of the races of A uriparus flaviceps; in fresh plumage close to "grayish olive"' or "deep olive-gray" dorsally; dull, pale "wax yellow" on chin and throat, the yellow rarely suffusing the rest of the body plumage. Size slightly smaller than ornatus but decidedly larger than lamproce- phalus and fraterculus. Average of 20 adult males: wing, 51.3; tail, 46.1 mm. Range. — Lower Sonoran Deserts of the Colorado River drainage north to Inyo County, California; Las Vegas, Nevada and south-western Utah; west to or slightly beyond the eastern slopes of the desert-bounding ranges in California and Lower California; south to about latitude 31*^ in Lower California and north- western Sonora and east for an undetermined distance (probably about longitude 112° W.) in Sonora and Arizona. Remarks. — Although Bryant definitely recognized the differences between Texas and California and also between Lower California and California speci- mens, his remarks on the subject have been ignored except by Oberholser who, in his critical analysis of the species, commented on Bryant's statements. How- ever, in view of the limited material at Oberholser's disposal (he had but three specimens from California) he was obliged to include everything from Texas to California under one name. I have been unable to examine specimens from south-western Utah (A.O.U. Check-list, 1910, 354) but have included that territory in the range of flaviceps on geographic probabilities. Specimens examined. — Lower Colorado River Valley in Arizona, and Cali- fornia, 57 (many localities) ; California, 5 (Mecca, Riverside County; Newberry Springs, San Bernardino County; La Puerta Valley, San Diego County) ; Nevada, 1 (Las Vegas); Mexico: Sonora, 6 (EI Doctor; San Felix Mine); Lower California, 8 (San Felipe; El Rosario; Canon San Juan de Dios; San Fernando [not typical] ). Total 77. 1 Ridgway. Color standards and color nomenclature, 1912. VAN RossEM — Races of Auriparus Flaviceps 201 Auriparus flaviceps ornatus (Lawrence) Con'trostrum ornatum Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 5, 1852, 112, pi. 5, fig. 1 (Rio Grande, Texas) . Subspecific characters. — Darkest of all the races in general coloration; back "deep grayish olive" to "dark olive-gray"; yellow of head averaging darker than in flaviceps. Size largest. Average of 10 adult males from Texas and Ccahuila: wing, 53.6; tail, 49.1. Range. — Deserts of the Upper and Lower Sonoran Zones, from the lower Rio Grande Valley west to the vicinity of Tucson, Arizona and Saric, north- central Sonora; south to about latitude 29^ west of the Sierra Madre in Sonora (where intergrading with jratercidus) and to latitude 24 east of the Sierra Madre in Durango; north to south-central Texas, southern New Mexico and south-eastern Arizona. Remarks- — Arizona specimens from the vicinity of Fort Lowell and Tucson are intermediate in size and color toward flaviceps, but seem to me to be better referable to the Rio Grande race. Byant has previously commented on the intermediate characters of birds from this very region but considered them to be nearer to the California race. For further remarks on this subject see also Ober- holser (ibid., p. 393) . It is not unlikely that what Swarth (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., 18, 1929, 270) has designated as the "eastern plains area" of south- eastern Arizona marks the north-western limit of ornatus in typical fctx-n. Jjst where, west of that area, to draw the line between ornatus and flaviceps it i: net now possible to determine. Specimens from Saric in north-central Sonora a'e good ornatus, but that place is higher, zonally speaking, than is Tucson, a cir- cumstance which probably has a definite bearing on the subject. Specimens examined. — Texas, 8 (Fort Lancaster; Boquillas; Sequim; Frank- lin Mts.; El Paso); New Mexico, 1 (Las Cruces) ; Arizona, 6 (Fort Lowell; Tucson); Mexico: Tamaulipas, 1 (Mier) ; Coahuila, 10 (Sabinas) ; Durango, 2 (Durango); Sonora, 16 (Saric; Pesqueira) . Total 44. Auriparus flaviceps fraterculus subsp. nov. Type.—MAt adult; no. 30,499, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Chino- bampo, southern Sonora, Mexico; February 18, 1930; collected by J. T. Wright; original number 5054. Subspecific characters. — Decidedly smaller and yellow of head very much brighter (more orange) and more extensively yellow than either A. f. flaviceps or A. f. ornatus, in both of these respects very similar to A. f. lamprocephalus although averaging more olivaceus (less grayish) on wings and upperparts and less brilliandy yellow on the head than in that form. Juveniles very different from the juveniles of lamprocephalus; darker than, but closely resembling, the grayish juveniles of flaviceps and ornatus, and not at all like the grayish "olive-yellow" young of the Lower California race. Measurements of type, which is also the 202 San Diego Society of Natural History racial average for males: wing, 49; tail, 43; exposed culmen, 9.0; tarsus, 14.0; middle toe minus claw, 8.5 mm. Range. — The Arid Tropical Zone in central and southern Sonora, north to San Esteban and Tiburon Islands coastwise and to San Javier and Tecoripa in the interior. Remarks. — Specimens from Pesqueira, a short distance north of Hermosillo, are intermediates but closer to ornatus. Slight variations from the normal are seen in the San Esteban and Tiburon Islands skins which average very slightly paler than mainland examples, but which individually can be matched exactly. The very close resemblance of jraterculus to lamprocephalus in the post- juvenal stages can, I think, be cited as an example of converging characters. Cer- tainly the evidence of the juveniles places jraterculus in the ornatus-jlaviceps series and of relatively distant relationship to lamprocephalus. Whether this con- vergence is coincidence or the result of the occupation of areas of very similar climatic conditions I do not presume to say. I do, however, point out that these races in typical form occupy the Arid Tropical Zone (in contra-distinction to the Sonoran habitats of ornatus and jlaviceps) , lamprocephalus being a differentiate of the Cape District and jraterculus of the Alamos District on the opposite side of the gulf. Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus Oberholser Auriparus jlaviceps lamprocephalus Oberholser, Auk, 14, 1897, 391 (Cape San Lucas, Lower California) . Subspecific characters. — Resembling A. j. jraterculus in small size and brilliant coloration but upper parts more grayish (less olive) and head coloration even brighter. Juveniles with plumage suffused with olive-yellow, particularly on head and under tail coverts. In all other races the juveniles are ashy gray below and "mouse gray" (of varying shades) above, with only a trace of concealed yellow on crown. Average of 13 adult males: wing, 49.0; tail, 42.5. Range. — Lower California, north to about latitude 30°. Remarks. — The plumage of adults of lamprocephalus from the Cape regi:n and to a lesser degree of jraterculus is usually strongly suffused with yellow beneath the gray tipping. In considering Lower California birds I mention the Cape region particularly because north of there occurs a very dark series of verdins which come from a range corresponding closely to Grinnell's "San Ignacio District." These, I believe should be distinguished from lamprocephalus proper and only the fact that juveniles from the San Ignacio District are not at present available for study prevents me from proposing still another race at this time. Specimens examined. — Lower California, 31 (Cape San Lucas, north to Santa Teresa Bay at latitude 28° 22', many localities and off shore islands) . For the loan of speciinens I wish to thank Mr. Griffing Bancroft, the Bureau of Biological Survey, Mr. Laurence M. Huey, and the San Diego Society of Natural History. TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 10, pp. 203-206 August 30, 1930 COMMENT ON THE MARSH SPARROWS OF SOUTHERN AND LOWER CALIFORNIA, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW RACE BY Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History The marsh sparrows of the genus Passercidus of the coast of south- ern California and Lower California have long offered problems to the systematist and their correct status has been a source of discussion. Oberholser, in his "Revision of the Subspecies of Passerculus rostratus (Cassin),'" appeared to have them straightened out, but due to a good collection of breeding birds now available from the lagoons along the Pacific coast of the peninsula of Lower California the present writer is of the opinion that changes are again necessary. With these marsh sparrows, as in other groups of passerine birds, notably peculiar habits are present; for instance, in the three forms of rostratus recognized by Oberholser, two {Passercidus rostratus rostratus and Passercidus rostratus guttatus) have decidedly erratic migratory movements and the third {Passercidus rostratus halophUus) is almost sedentary. It is with this sedentary form and its allies that this paper chiefly deals, and discussion of greater length regarding their taxonomic position will be found under "Remarks." Study of the specimens from the central west coast of Lower Cali- fornia revealed the presence of an unnamed form of marsh sparrow which may be known as : 1 A revision of the subspecies of Passercidus rostratus (Cassin) : Ohio Journal of Science, Vol. 19, No. 6, April, 1919, pp. 344-354. 204 San Diego Society of Natural History Passerculus rostratus anulus,^ subsp. nov. ScAMMON Lagoon Marsh Sparrow. Type. — From south side of entrance to Scammon Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 27° 54' north, long. 114° 18' west; no. 10523, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male, breeding; collected by Laurence M. Huey, May 21, 1926. Siibspecific Characters. — In coloration, dorsally, the olive wash is lighter than on either Passerculus rostratus beldingi^ or Passerculus rostratus halophilus. Black markings, narrower and more penciled than on either of the above forms. Light emargination of feathers on back as in beldingi, while bill and general size more nearly like those of halophilus. The breast, sides, throat and yellow interorbital stripe are alike in all three races above mentioned. In other words, anulus is indeed a connecting link between beldingi and halophilus. The measure- ments which follow clearly show its relationship in this respect. Measurements. — The average measurements of ten adult males of the three forms under discussion are shown in the following table. Only topotype speci- mens, in as near comparable plumage as possible, have been used. Toe Depth Tar- minus Cul- of Subspecies Wing Tail sus claw men bill Locality P.r.beldmgi 65.5 46.4 20.4 15,6 11.9 5.5 San Diego, Calif. P.r.amdus 66.5 45.3 21.2 15.9 12.5 5.9 Scammon Lagoon, Lower Calif., Mexico. P. r. halophilus 67.6 49.1 21.8 16.6 13.4 6 2 Abreojos Point = Pond Lagoon, L. C, Mexico. Range. — So far as known, Scammon Lagoon on the east shore of Viscaino Bay, Lower California, Mexico. Remarks. — It will be clearly seen by the above description that the new race anulus directly connects the marsh sparrows of southern California (beldingi) with those of central Lower California (halophilus) . Inasmuch as the characters of halophilus are nearer those of Passerculus rostratus rostratus (Cassin) , the southern California bird beldingi will, by the connecting link of anidus, be drawn into subspecific position under rostratus. The name rostratus was applied by Cassin in 1850 and has many years priority over other names used in this group. The rostratus forms would, there- fore, now be as follows: Passerculus rostratus rostratus (Cassin) Passerculus rostratus guttatus Lawrence Passerculus rostratus halophilus (McGregor) Passerculus rostratus beldingi Ridgway Passerculus rostratus amdus Huey '^Anulus, Latin "a link in a chain." 5 See "Remarks." HuEY — New Marsh Sparrow from Lower California 205 A peculiar factor revealed in the study of the Pacific coast races of marsh sparrows, Passerculus rostratus, is that two distinct habit and color groups are present. The birds occupying the tidal marshes from southern CaUfornia south along the coast of the peninsula to Magdalena Bay are of dark coloration and sedentary habits. These forms are beldingi, anulus and halophilus. The only departure from the sedentary habit is to be found in the few stragglers of the southernmost race of the dark group, halophilus, which leave the breeding ground and move southward toward Cape San Lucas in winter. This movement is very slight and only five winter-taken individuals are known to the writer south of the breeding range. The races guttatus and rostratus are much lighter in color than the preceding and have for several decades offered students the most complex migratory movements to be found in western bird migration. The discovery of the nesting grounds of rostratus along the lower delta of the Colorado River partly solved the problem, yet the question of the migration route of this form is as vague as ever. An apparently unsolved problem still exists with the race guttatus that is even more baffling, for the small area of the San Benito Islands, which is the only known breeding grounds of this race, hardly seems of sufficient size to accommodate the vast population found wintering along the coasts of southern California. Regarding the dark coloration of the sedentary group, a possible explanation might be found in the fact that the cool Japan ocean current sweeps southward along almost the entire length of these dark birds' ranges, being dispersed in the warmer waters south of Point San Eugenio. This warmer southern influence might account for the very limited southern movement of the individuals of the race halophilus. Counteracting thought and theories in this respect is the fact that the San Benito Islands lie within the flow of this cool current, near its southern extreme to be sure, yet they harbor light colored birds. It is further interesting to note that with the three dark sedentary races the "step" type of relationship exists, while the difference in some individual speci- mens of guttatus and rostratus is decidedly difficult to see. Analogous conditions as to the "step" type of relationship obtain with the clapper rails (Rallus) , which occupy practically the same range and the same niche as the marsh sparrows in their limited environment. This has been nicely shown by van Rossem.'^ There is yet one problem concerning the marsh sparrows of California that seems apparent to the writer though material to prove his point is lacking. The unsettled question lies in the fact that the difference between Passerculus sand- wichensis bryanti of the San Francisco bay region and Passercidus rostratus beldingi of the San Diegan region is not as great as that which existed between beldingi and halophilus before the discovery of the race anidus. Nor does it seem as great as the existing differences between halophilus and guttatus. Careful col- lecting of breeding marsh sparrows between Santa Barbara and Monterey might result in all the Pacific coast marsh sparrows being grouped under the specific name sandwichensis. ■^The status of some Pacific coast clapper rails: Condor, Vol. 31, Sept., 1929, pp. 213-215. 206 San Diego Society of Natural History Acknowledgments. — The writer is greatly indebted to the following institu- tions and individuals for the loan of material or for helpful criticism, and here- with wishes to express his appreciation of their efforts in his behalf: American Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Museum, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, United States Bureau of Biological Survey, United States National Museum, the late Dr. Jonathan Dwight, Dr. J. Grinnell, Dr. H. C. Oberholser, Dr. Chas. W. Richmond, Dr. W. E. Clyde Todd, and Mr. A. J. van Rossem. Specimens examined. — Passerculus sandwichensis bryanti: 6 from Alvarado, Alameda County, California. Passerculus rostratus beldingi: 3 from Newport, Orange County, California; 1 from Anaheim Landing, Orange County, Cali- fornia; 1 from Oceanside, San Diego County, California; 1 from Del Mar, San Diego County, California; 1 from Pacific Beach, San Diego, California; 19 from San Diego, California; 11 from National City, San Diego County, California; 2 from mouth of Tia Juana River, San Diego County, California; 1 from Ensenada, Lower California, Mexico; 10 from Todos Santos Islands, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from Cape Colnett, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Colnett, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from San Quintin, Lower California, Mexico.^ Passerculus rostratus anulus, 11 from south side of entrance to Scammon Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico, (including type) ; 10 from Scammon Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico; 11 from east end of Scammon Lagoon, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico. Passerculus rostratus halopbilus, 19 from Abreojos Point, Pond Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico, (including type) ; 30 from San Ignacio Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Mangrove Island, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Magdalena, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from south end of Magdalena Bay, Lower California, Mexico; 4 from Todos Santos, Lower Cali- fornia, Mexico; 1 from San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico. Passerculus rostratus guttatus: 16 from Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California; 1 from Mission Beach, San Diego, California; 3 from San Diego, California; 3 from Santa Maria near San Quintin, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Santa Rosalia Bay, Lower California, Mexico; 45 from San Benito Islands, Lower California, Mexico (including type of Passerculus sanctorum^) ; 1 from San Ignacio Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico. Passerculus rostratus rostratus: 2 from Newport, Orange County, California; 1 from Pacific Beach, San Diego, California; 2 from Mission Bay, San Diego, California; 5 from San Diego, Cali- fornia; 7 from National City, San Diego County, California; 2 from mouth of Tia Juana River, San Diego County, California; 1 from m.outh of San Telmo River, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from Santa Rosalia Bay, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from Mecca, Riverside County, California; 2 from San Felipe, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from Punta Lobos, Sonora, Mexico. Total of 257 birds examined. 5 Spscimens from San Quintin, Lower California, Mexico, and vicinity show size tendency toward anulus, thus being somewhat divergent from typical San Diego-collected beldingi, but, according to the writer's interpretation of this new race, San Quintin birds are more nearly related to beldingi. 6 Passerculus sanctorum, later known as Passerculus rostratus sanctorum, was placed by Oberholser in the synonymy of P. r. guttatus. a'sy^^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 11, pp. 207-208 September 30, 1930 r NEW SONORA RACES OF TOXOSTOMA AND PHEUGOPEDIUS BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM ■■' California Institute of Technology The new races here proposed are from two different faunal areas in Sonera. The thrasher is from the relatively unproductive "Tiburon Island District," which mcludes also San Esteban Island, and which to date is known to have produced but one other avian differentiate. The wren, on the other hand, is a product of the "Alamos District," from which many forms have been described. This latter district although an extremely potent one is, as yet, far from perfectly known either in regard to its exact limits or the number of species which have developed local races therein. Descriptions and further discussion of the present cases follow. Toxostoma curvirostre insularum subsp. nov. Type.— Breeding male adult; no. 30,173, collection of Donald R. Dickey; San Esteban Island, Sonora, Mexico; April 17, 1930; collected by A. J. van Rossem; original number, 12,888. Subspecific characters. — Nearest to Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri (Coues) of Arizona and northern Sonora, but coloration paler throughout and ash-gray instead of buffy gray in tone; underparts more sharply spotted than in palmeri; similar in this latter respect to Toxostoma curvirostre maculatum (Nelson) of southern Sonora, but body color of course very different from that race. Measure- ments of the type are: wing, 108; tail, 124; exposed culmen, 30.5; tarsus, 33.0; middle toe, minus claw, 25.0. Range. — San Esteban and Tiburon Islands, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico. 208 San Diego Society of Natural History Remarks. — The two specimens from Tiburon Island (Bancroft collection) are like the type, but are young of the previous year as shown by the bufly, juve- nile greater wing coverts. Their wing and tail measurements are, therefore, some- what shorter than those of the type. However, they show the same proportionate size as do the one-year-old birds of macidatum and palmeri, and I have no hesitancy in considering them to be tnsularum. Pheugopedius felix sonorae subsp. nov. Type. — Male adult; no. 30,895, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Guiro- coba, southern Sonora, Mexico; May 3, 1930; collected by J. T. Wright; original number, 5606. Subspecific characters. — Nearest to Pheugopedius felix pallidus (Nelson) of central western Mexico, but coloration decidedly paler and more ashy; back, between "hair brown"' and "drab" instead of light "olive brown;" lateral under- parts grayish "cinnamon-buff" instead of pale "clay-color;" chin and throat pure white, in abrupt contrast with the buffy pectoral area. Range. — Hill regions of extreme southern Sonora, Mexico (Guirocoba, 2; Chinobampo, 1). Remarks. — The relative color tones distinguishing pallidus and sonorae are precisely analogous to those between Pheugopedius sinaloa sinaloa (Baird) and Pheugopedius sinaloa cmereus (Brewster) which occupy, respectively, essen- tially the same regions. There being no topotypes of pallidus available, I have used specimens from Nayarit as representative of that race. Although the species sinaloa has usually been placed in Thryophilus Baird, that genus appears to rest on such unstable ground that I am unable to recognize it except as a sub-genus of Pheugopedius. For that matter, the old Thryothorus would accommodate both "Thryophilus" and Pheugopedius, without doing any great violence to the facts. As between "Thryophilus" and Pheugopedius, while there is a wide difference between the typical species with open nostrils in one case and heavily operculate nostrils in the other, the two types are completely bridged by intermediate species. In a long series of "Thryophilus" modestus pullus from El Salvador, for instance, there is such a wide variation in this respect that some specimens could be placed in one "genus" and some in the other. 1 Colors in quotation marks from Ridgway's "Color Standards and Color Nomencla- ture," 1912. ^T1^^^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 12, pp. 209-210 September 30, 1930 SOME GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS IN PIAYA CAYANA BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM California Institute of Technology Although about a dozen races of the red squirrel-cuckoo are currently recognized over its South American range, the entire Middle American population has usually been collectively considered to belong to but a single form. For ten years or more the writer has been aware of constant and very noticeable differences between Costa Rica and El Salvador series, but has deferred taking any action in the hope that some one with more ample material would undertake a general revision of the species over its more northerly range, such as has been done in the case of South America. It now becomes imperative to fix definitely the status of the squirrel-cuckoos occupying the two regions in which I am actively interested at the present time, namely El Salvador, Central America and Sonora, Mexico. This involves descriptions of two new races which I designate as follows : Piaya cayana stirtoni subsp. nov. Type.— Male adult; no. 16,340, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Mt. Cacaguatique, Dept. San Miguel, El Salvador, 4,000 feet altitude; November 27, 1925; collected by A. J. van Rossem, original number 9414. Subspecijic characters. — Tail with under surfaces of rectrices dull reddish black as in Piaya cayana therrnophila Sclater of southeastern Mexico, but body coloration very much paler, particularly on the underparts and anterior portions of the upper parts. Body coloration very similar to Piaya cayana mexicana (Swainson) of central western Mexico, but posterior underparts darker and tail with under sides of rectrices dull rusty black with occasional traces of dull dark red instead of reddish cinnamon clouded basally with dusky. Range. — Extreme northwestern Costa Rica (Punta Piedra, Guanacaste), north on the Pacific slope at least to the El Salvador-Guatemala boundary. Remarks. — Comparison of the El Salvador series of 16 skins has been made primarily with a topotypical series of seven therrnophila from the State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, kindly loaned to me by the Museum of Comparative Zoology. In addition there are in the Dickey collection ten specimens from nearly as many localities in Costa Rica and Panama. On the basis of this series it is apparent that therrnophila, in a rather unrestricted sense, extends down the Atlantic coast of 210 San Diego Society of Natural History Central America to the Canal Zone and north on the Pacific side at least to Aranjuez, Costa Rica. Ail of these birds are very similar in color to typical thermophild, but average slightly more rufous (less chocolate) brown and have thicker and more highly arched bills. I have little doubt that larger series will demonstrate the advisability of providing the Costa Rica-Panama birds with a distinctive name. Two specimens from Punta Piedra, Costa Rica, are intermediates and not typical of any race, but are provisionally placed under stirtoni. In color one is sttrtoni, the other nearest thermophila, though paler than the average for that form. It is with particular pleasure that I name the El Salvador race for Mr. R. A. Stirton, my companion on two trips to that country and to whose interest and energy the successful prosecution of work there was, in no small measure, due. In the collection of Sonora birds recently received from Mr. Grif- fing Bancroft there is a single squirrel-cuckoo which, in view of its pronounced characters, I have finally decided to name Piaya cayana extima subsp. no v. Type. — Male adult; no. 30,817, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Guiro- coba, southern Sonora, Mexico; April 11, 1930; collected by J. T. Wright, original number 5500. Subspecific characters. — Nearest to Piaya cayana mexicana (Swainson) of central western Mexico, but coloration even paler; pileum and hind-neck "cin- namon"' instead of "cinnamon-rufous"; remiges and upper tail coverts "tawny" instead of "ferruginous"; chin and throat "pale salmon color" instead of "salmon buff"; exposed portions of under surfaces of rectrices proximal to the black sub- terminal bands with only traces of dusky freckling on inner webs of central pairs; tail longer and bill decidedly smaller than in mexicana. Measurements of the type are: wing, 146; tail, 330 (with tips of central rectrices missing); exposed culmen, 24.7; depth at base of exposed culmen, 10.0. Range. — Extreme southern Sonora, Mexico. Remarks. — As between the darkest tailed specimens of mexicana and the reddest tailed thermophila and stirtoni the differences are those of degree and I believe relationships are best expressed by reducing mexicana to subspecific rank. So far as body coloration is concerned the palest sttrtoni from El Salvador are actually paler than the darkest mexicana in a series of seven from Nayarit and Jalisco, so that there is certainly intergradation by overlapping characters even though mexicana and thermophila meet as species (fide Ridgway) in south- western Mexico. The taking of this species in Sonora constitutes a notable extension of range, central Sinaloa being its previously detected northwestern limit. The propriety of naming any subspecies on the basis of a single specimen may well be ques- tioned. However, in this case the variation is in the "expected" direction and analogies are provided by many other tropical forms which have become differ- entiated within the Alamos District. 1 Ridgway. Color standards and color nomenclature, 1912. A^.^1^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 13, pp. 211-212 September 30, 1930 A NEW VERDIN FROM CENTRAL LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History A. J. van Rossem in his paper, "The Races of Auriparus flaviceps (Sundevall) ," (Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural His- tory, Vol. 6, No. 9, pp. 199-202, 1930) called attention to, but through lack of material did not name, a dark race of verdins occupying the area known as the San Ignacio District of Lower California, Mexico. (Grinnell, A distributional summation of the ornithology of Lower Cali- fornia, University of California Publications in Zoology, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 1-300,1928)! Since publication of van Rossem's paper, additional specimens have become available which demonstrate beyond doubt that the verdin of the middle peninsula is well worthy of recognition. Auriparus flaviceps ignatius subsp. nov, San Ignacio Verdin Type. — From San Ignacio, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 27'" 17'; adult male; no. 11,886, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; collected by Laurence M. Huey, March 8, 1928. Subspecific characters. — Intermediate in size between flaviceps and lampro- cephalus, but decidedly darker and more grayish (less olive or yellowish) than either. The dark back of ignattus stands out boldly when compared in series with the highly colored birds of Cape San Lucas or the very light Colorado desert form; in fact, in color Ignatius is closer to ornatus of the Texas area than to any other race, though in size is much smaller. However, the most striking difference be- tween Ignatius and lamprocephalus lies with the juveniles. As shown by Ridgway 212 San Diego Society of Natural History and later by van Rossem, the young of lam pyocephalus are decidedly olive-yellow. The young of t gnat ins are clear-colored dark mouse gray (Ridgway, Color standards and nomenclature, 1912) of the same type of coloration as the young of jlaviceps, although, like the adults, they are very much darker than that race. Average Measurements Wing Tail Specimens Sex 51.3 46.1 20 male 51.0 43.1 12 male 49.0 42.5 13 male A.j. jlaviceps A . f. ignatius A. j. lamprocephalus liange.—The central part of the peninsula of Lower California, Mexico, from the vicinity of Punta Prieta (lat. 28° 56') south to the vicinity of Magda- lenaBay (lat. 24° 35')- Remarks. — In accordance with the views of van Rossem, the present writer believes that the race lamprocephalus should be confined to the Cape District of Lower California. This is well demonstrated in the series of specimens available for the present study. Specimens from the extreme northern part of the area along the Pacific slope of Lower California inhabited by verdins are found to be nearer jlaviceps, though not typical. Birds from the Magdalena Bay region are not typical of the race here described, but are nearer ot it than to lain pyocephalus. Specimens examined. — Aiiripayus jlaviceps jlaviceps: Imperial County, Cali- fornia: Potholes, 5; 3 miles north of Bard,28;Carrizo Creek, 2. San Diego County, California: La Puerta Valley, 1. Lower California, Mexico: San Felipe, 4; San Fernando,' 1; mouth of canyon San Juan de Dios,' 2; 8 miles east of El Rosario,' 1. Auriparus jlaviceps ignatius: Lower California, Mexico: Mesquital, 3; Cal- malli, 1; Santa Teresa Bay, 4; San Ignacio, 9; 12 miles east of San Ignacio, 1; Santa Rosalia, 1; Santa Ana Bay, 1; Magdalena Bay,' 3. Auriparus jlaviceps lamprocephalus: Lower California, Mexico: San Jose del Cabo, 10; Cape San Lucas, 2; San Jose Island, 1; San Francisco Island, 3; Espiritu Santo Island, 2. Total, 85 specimens. For the loan of specimens the writer wishes to thank Messrs. Griffing Bancroft and Donald R. Dickey. 1 Not typical. A'^.'^l^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 14, pp. 213-226 FOUR NEW BIRDS FROM NORTHWESTERN MEXICO BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM California Institute of Technology SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society November 28, 1930 -^ COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION U. S. Grant, IV, Chairman Fred Baker Clinton G. Abbott, Editor FOUR NEW BIRDS FROM NORTHWESTERN MEXICO BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM California Institute of Technology Continuation of the studies of recently acquired Sonora birds has resulted in the definition of two new races and incidentally in two more from Lower California on the opposite side of the Gulf. In describing the new forms I have included criticism of allied western races either because of consequent adjustments in ranges or because of what appear to me to be necessary changes of nomenclature. Passerculus rostratus Since Dr. Oberholser's review of Passerculus rostratus appeared some years ago/ the large -billed sparrow question has been almost universally accepted as settled. Even the latest reviewer^ has found no reason to differ with Dr. Oberholser in the latter's conclusions, which were based on ade- quate series of all the forms involved. The present writer's ideas regarding the situation differ somewhat from those entertained by Oberholser and Huey. They are, however, a matter of interpretation rather than of fact and their acceptance or rejection will depend largely upon one's opinions as to whether racial or individual characters are of first importance. My initial doubts as to the tenability of Oberholser's arrangement came with the taking of a lengthy, midwinter series of large -billed sparrows on the tidal marshes of southern Cahfornia in 1919, 1920, and 1921. In this series, at first glance there appeared to be two forms represented, but when detemiinations of individual birds were attempted difficulties at once arose. At one end of the series were a very few big-billed, light-colored, reddish birds, at the other a few slender-billed, darker-colored birds with almost total absence of any pinkish or reddish tint on the upper parts. While these extremes were obviously very different in all particulars, the very great majority were intergrades of a very puzzling type, for they did not present the gradual transition from one to the other that true inter- 1 Ohio Journal of Science, 19, April, 1919, pp. 344-354. 2 Huey, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, Aug. 30, 1930, pp. 203-206. 216 San Diego Society of Natural History grades might be expected to show. Characters were present in every con- ceivable combination. There were large -billed birds of large size and gray- ish coloration, small birds with reddish coloration and large bills, reddish birds with small bills and so on. In other words, attempts to force by far the greater part of the specimens into one race or the other by any com- bination of characters was clearly impossible. On April 23, 1925, I happened to be at the mouth of the Colorado River and, in the hour or more available while waiting for the tidal bore to pass, collected three breeding large-billed sparrows which present the following characters: one large, reddish, large -billed bird with the back obsoletely streaked, one large, grayish, large -billed bird with moderately streaked back and one small sized, small-billed, dark-colored (though dis- tinctly reddish) bird with the back heavily streaked with blackish. Here in three breeding rostratus were represented almost the full range of varia- tion found in the southern California winter birds which were supposed to be of two subspecies, rostratus and guttatusl For lack of further material the matter rested for the time being, although I took occasion when visit- ing the U. S. National Museum in 1927 to identify the type of guttatus with the dark, slender-billed extreme of the birds found in winter in south- ern California. In 1929 thirteen more rostratus, collected in January and February, were received from the Colorado River Delta. These Delta specimens are predominantly of the reddish type but gray birds are also present. Part of the redness in this last named series is obviously due to alkali bleach, for in some of those birds which had started the limited, pre-nuptial moult the new feathers of the dorsum are grayish with heavy, black, median streaks, while in others, again, they are of the more usual, reddish, lightly streaked rostratus type. What, to me, amounted to final evidence that guttatus was nothing more than the extreme of the normal variation to be found in rostratus was when in mid-February of the present year I collected a series of sixteen breeding birds on the San Benito Islands at a time of year when "guttatus" is wintering commonly everywhere from Cape San Lucas to southern Cali- fornia. Indeed, a week later (February 22 to 24) I took the usual non- descript series of birds at Port San Bartolome on the mainland shore adja- cent to the San Benitos. A few of these birds, individually, bear some resemblance to the San Benito Island specimens, but none of them showed any signs of breeding whatever and none were unequivocally of the San VAN RossEM— New Birds from Northwestern Mexico 217 Benito type in all particulars. At subsequent stops at more southern points and on several islands in the Gulf of California the same conditions were found and it was not until the middle of March that any of these birds commenced to show slight traces of sexual activity. To summarize the characters shown by the San Benito birds, they are decidedly darker and more grayish than even a selected series of "gutta- tiis" from other points, the bills are more slender and the streaking below is broader and blacker. Oberholser himself has commented on the distinc- tive characters (ibid., p. 350) shown by San Benito Island specimens. An- other noticeable feature is the whitish edgings to the feathers of the back, not present in every individual but giving the series a somewhat frosted appearance. This same hoary cast is still more evident in a series of seven perfectly fresh plumaged birds taken on the San Benitos in mid-August, 1922, and loaned to me by the San Diego Society of Natural History. All of the foregoing boils down to this — that rostratus is an exceed- ingly variable race and that "guttatiis" is simply the gray, small-billed manifestation of rostratus. Extreme examples of rostratus, of which the type of guttatus is one, are not with certainty to be distinguished from the least typical San Benito birds. Duplication by selection within the sector of overlapping characters is possible in the case of any subspecies, of course, but has no bearing on the validity of the groups under considera- tion other than to demonstrate that the differences involved are racial and not specific. The variation within rostratus, while great, is no greater than that found in the allied Passerculus beldingi. Our own series of ninety-four specimens of beldingi shows a greater range of variation than does the series of one hundred and twenty-eight rostratus, even using the latter name to include "guttatus." Typical San Benito Island birds appear to be unknown from outside the islands at any season and there is, therefore, the strong probability that the race is permanently resident. Ridgway's name of Passerculus sanctorum^ is of course available. To review some of the other races more briefly, Huey's {ibid., p. 204) new race anulus makes it impossible to regard beldingi other than as con- specific with halophilus. I have carefully examined all of Huey's material and consider anidus to be perfectly valid and with characters as given by the describer. In other words, one may differentiate it as a small, brightly colored halophilus, or as a large, dull colored beldingi. To go further northward, there appears to be no reason for attempting to maintain 3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, April 3, 1883, p. 538. 218 San Diego Society of Natural History specific distinctness between beldingi of southern California and Passer- cuius sandwichensis bryanti of central California, other than that the re- spective colonies are isolated. However, the several races comprising the rostratus group are isolated one from the other also, some of them by dis- tances greater than separate beldingi and bryanti, so that this factor has no bearing on the subject. Both beldingi and bryanti are extremely variable (just as is rostratus) and intergradation occurs by overlap of characters. To consider the rostratus group as geographic races of Passerculus sand- wichensis seems to me to be very much more in accordance with the facts than to suggest, by the use of binomials, a complete separation where none, other than racial, actually exists. A race remaining to be described, the most southerly form of all, was one of the totally unexpected results of a short cruise along the southern Sonora coast in the spring of the present year. It was found to be an abundant breeder in the salicornica-mangrove association at all suitable spots touched and how it has escaped detection up to the present time is somewhat of a mystery. The distinguishing characters are described below. Passerculus sandwichensis atratus, subsp. nov. Type. — Breeding male adult; no. 30,288, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Tobari Bay (variously spelled Tobari, Tovari, and Taburi), southern Sonora, Mexico; April 30, 1930; collected by A. J. van Rossem; original number 13,003. Subspecific characters. — This race belongs to the rostratus group of savannah sparrows. In size it is equal to or even larger than Passerctdus sandwichensis rostratus (Cassin) of the Colorado River Delta and has an even larger and more tumid bill. In coloration it is very much darker (some specimens are almost brownish black dorsally) both above and as regards the streaking below than any heretofore known race; furthermore, the ventral streaking is denser and wider and in all but a few individuals occupies decidedly more space on the breast and flanks than does the white ground color. The superciliary streak and pale mark- ings on the head are narrower, sometimes almost obsolete, and are grayish or creamy white instead of, as in all the other races of this group, tinged or strongly suffused with yellow. Measurements of the type in millimeters are: wing, 71; tail, 55; exposed culmen, 14.1; depth of bill at base, J!?; tarsus, 22.0; middle toe minus claw, 16.0. J(ange. — Coast of central and southern Sonora, Mexico, from opposite the north end of Tiburon Island, south to Tobari Bay. Remarks. — The several allocations of Guaymas specimens to rostratus evidently all pertain to winter birds belonging to that race. They can scarcely apply to atratus for the latter form is so very different from rostratus that con- fusion is impossible, even without direct comparison. Indeed atratus is so very much blacker than any heretofore described form that I have been tempted, in VAN RossEM — New Birds from Northwestern Mexico 219 spite of the obvious relationship shown by the size and markings, to propose it is a species. Were rostratus and atratiis the only forms involved there would be no other course open, but the intermediately colored sanctorum, although far distant in a geographical sense, bridges the wide gap and therefore a trinomial must be employed. Twenty-three specimens of atratiis have been examined, six of them from the Bancroft collection. The following stations on the Sonora coast are represented: mainland opposite north end of Tiburon Island; Kino Bay; Guasimas Lagoon; Tobari Bay. Birds from the two first mentioned localities are paler and browner and suggest an approach toward rostratus. The several races comprising the rostratus group should, in my belief, be designated as follows : Passerculus sandwichensis anulus Huey, Scammon Lagoon, Lower California. Resident. Passerculus sandwichensis halophilus McGregor. Abreojos Point south to Magdalena Bay, Lower California, strag- gling south in winter to the Cape Region. Passerculus sandwichensis sanctorum Ridgway. San Benito Islands, west central Lower California. Resident. Passerctdus sandwichensis rostratus (Cassin) . Delta of the Colorado River in Lower California and Sonora. Wide- spread in winter and ranging from Santa Cruz, California, south along both coasts of Lower California to Cape San Lucas and on the coast of Sonora to Guaymas. Casual (?) inland as at Yuma, Arizona, and at Mecca and Salton Sea, southeastern California. Passerctdus sandwichensis atratus van Rossem. Coast of central and southern Sonora, from opposite the north end of Tiburon Island and Kino Bay, south to Tobari Bay. Resident. Amphispiza bilineata The first recognition of geographic variation in Amphispiza bilineata (Cassin)'' was when Nelson^ distinguished a larger and darker race from the Mexican tableland. Within the scope of the present paper Ridgway^ soon after named a subspecies from Tucson, Arizona, but including in the ^ Emberiza bilineata Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, 1850, p. 104, (Rio Grande, Texas ) . 5 Amphispiza bilineata grisea Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, March 24, 1898, p. 61, (Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico). ^Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway, Auk, 15, July, 1898, p. 229 [separates issued May 13 or 14, 1898], (Tucson, Arizona). 220 San Diego Society of Natural History range of his new form most of the southwestern United States, north- western Mexico and (though only tentatively) Lower California. Nelson soon followed with a race from southern Sonora, which Ridgway in Part 1 of "Birds of North and Middle America" (1901, p. 265) synonymized with deserticola. Although Ridgway in this latter work recognized but the one western subspecies, he suspected the existence of a southern Lower California race which Grinnell,*^ with additional material at his disposal, eventually named. Thus, to date, five variations of the Black-throated Sparrow have been named, four of which are currently recognized. To these I have two more to add, both of them insular forms from previously unexplored (ornithologically speaking) territory. In the early spring of the present year the opportunity arose to accom- pany Mr. Griffing Bancroft on a three months' trip along the southern coasts of Lower California and parts of Sonora, and also to most of the islands in the southern part of the Gulf. Black-throated sparrows were found to be present at practically every point touched, indeed on the islands they were usually the commonest land birds present. A few were taken here and there in the routine of collecting, with the result that a very representative series was finally accumulated. On landing on Tortuga Island one of the first impressions gained was the abundance of this species, which was present in really extraordinary numbers. These birds were recognized even in the field as representing something very different from what had been taken previously on the Lower California mainland and the islands lying close to its shore. Consequently a good series was collected. Later in the trip, during a two day stop at San Esteban Island in Sonora territory, nine black-throated sparrows were collected. These proved also to belong to an unnamed race whose characters, although not so prominent as those shown by the Tortuga Island birds, are nevertheless sufficiently outstanding to be easily recognizable on direct comparison. As the description of the new races has involved examination of the species over the entire western section of its range, a synopsis of the differential characters is here given. None of the western races of Amphispiza bilineata vary to any sig- nificant extent, one from the other, in the size of the white spots on the lateral rectrices. In this regard they are all set off sharply from typical 7 Amphispiza bilineata pacifica Nelson, Auk, 17, July, 1900, p. 267, (Alamos, Sonora). ^Amphispiza bilineata bangsi Grinnell, Auk, 44, Jan., 1927, p. 71, (La Paz, Lower California, Mexico) . VAN RossEM— New Birds from Northwestern Mexico 221 bilineata of southeastern Texas and northeastern Mexico, which has these feathers very extensively tipped with white — in extreme cases for nearly half of the exposed length on the inner webs. The western forms vary, individually, to an extraordinary degree, for the amount of white in speci- mens from the same locality may range from nearly a third of the exposed length to a narrow dark gray edging which gives the impression of a totally black-tailed bird. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway In size the largest of all the western subspecies. Coloration paler and browner than bangsi and tortugae; paler than pacifica and decidedly more brownish than cana. Thus the distinguishing characters of deserticola are large size combined with a relatively pale brownish dorsal coloration and brown tinged flanks. Kange. — Southwestern United States in general, except the extreme Pacific Coast, south in Lower California (both coasts) to about latitude 27° and in Sonora to about 29°. The southern limits thus coincide closely with the southern limits, coastally, of the Lower Sonoran Zone. Amphispiza bilineata pacifica Nelson Size somewhat smaller than that of deserticola, particularly in length of tail; coloration dorsally a distinctly darker shade of brown compared with deserticola; darker and decidedly browner than cana; very similar to bangsi in relative darkness, but size larger and coloration less slaty. Jlange. — The Arid Tropical Zone in southern Sonora, north at least to Kino Bay (latitude 29°) on the coast and probably a little further up the Yaqui River valley inland. This is not a strongly marked race but nevertheless appears to be a perfectly valid one and I see no reason for synonymizing it with deserticola. The comparative characters are those given by the original describer, except that the smaller tail spots claimed for it do not appear to have any diagnostic value. Amphispiza bilineata bangsi Grinnell Smallest of all the races of Amphispiza bilineata. Coloration slightly darker and more slaty on upper parts and flanks in comparison with deserticola, decidedly darker than cana, very much paler than tortugae and more slaty (less brownish) than pacifica. Coloration aside, this race is distinguishable by its small size alone. Range. — Lower California and adjacent islands north to about latitude 27°. The belt of intergradation between bangsi and deserticola is a broad one and just where to place the dividing line is a matter of choice. The northern limits of bangsi, at least coastwise, are probably coincident with the northern limits of the Arid Tropical Zone. The evidence of a relatively few specimens supports this view. It is to be remarked that the color characters originally ascribed to bangsi ire the reverse of those given above as regards relative darkness in comparison with deserticola. Material before me shows plainly that this is one of the many 222 San Diego Society of Natural History grayish colored species the plumage of which turns paler and redder with age, and to apprecitae the proper color tones one must limit his comparison to more recently collected material. In the present case I have compared the twenty-two bangsi (collected with one exception during the present year) with about twice that number of deserticola collected subsequent to 1921. Amphispiza bilineata tortugae, subsp. nov. Type. — Breeding male adult; no. 30,105, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Tortuga Island, Gulf of California, Lower California, Mexico; April 2, 1930; collected by A. J. van Rossem; original number 12,820. Subspecific characters. — Compared with Amphispiza bilineata bilineata of the lower Rio Grande Valley the dorsal coloration is slightly darker and more slaty, the tail spots are smaller and the underparts, instead of being extensively white with only a tinge of grayish brown on the sides and flanks, are "neutral gray" with the white reduced to a narrow median area extending from the black throat patch to the under tail coverts. Size similar to bilineata but with relatively slightly shorter wing. Range. — Tortuga Island, Gulf of California, Lower California, Mexico. Remarks. — Comparison is made with the dorsally dark colored Rio Grande race as it more closely approaches tortugae than do any of the western subspecies. However, the dark, lateral underparts set tortugae off from any other race, with the possible exception of grisea of southeastern Mexico, the only subspecies of bilineata not seen by me. A factor of major interest is that by virtue of an endemic race, Tor- tuga Island, small though it is, must be designated (which I here do as the Tortuga Island District) as a new avian differentiation area of Lower California. Ten have previously been dealt with by Grinnell, and for an analysis of their characters and their individual influences on the avifauna of the peninsula I refer the reader to that author's "Distributional Sum- mation of the Ornithology of Lower California." Tortuga Island lies in the Gulf of California approximately 21 miles from the nearest point on the Lower California peninsula. Its position is about 27° 27' N. and 111° 50' W. It is only some two miles long by a mile wide at the widest point, is rocky and precipitous for the most part, although there is some rolling, relatively level ground in places, and is exclusively volcanic in origin. There are occasional patches of several smaller species of cactus, as well as some giant cactus {Pachycereus) and a sparse growth of grass and low, sage-like shrubs. So far as its general fea- tures and waterless condition are concerned, Tortuga differs not at all from most of the other gulf islands of similar size. There is scarcely a pos- sibility that it was ever a part of Lower California, for the peninsula at that VAN RossEM — New Birds from Northwestern Mexico 223 point is made up of clearly stratified sedimentary rocks while Tortuga is, as above stated, purely volcanic. Land birds of but few species have gained a foothold, for the number of ecologic niches is, of course, small. A list of the land birds seen or collected there on April 1 and 2, 1930, is a short one. It is as follows : 1. Circus hudsonius. 2. Falco peregrinus anatum. 3. Mimus polyglottos leucopterus. 4. Salpinctes obsolettis obsoletus. 5. Corvus corax sintiatus. 6. Auriparus fiance ps Ignatius. 7. Carpodacus mexicanus subsp.? 8. Amphispiza bilineata tortugae. Of these eight only three, the verdin, linnet and black-throated spar- row present possibiilties in the way of local variation, for the mockingbird and rock wren are notoriously "non-plastic" over the Pacific southwest. The duck hawk and raven are birds of long flight, while the marsh hawk is a migrant. Only a half dozen linnets were seen, all of them extremely wild and no specimens were collected. A single verdin nest containing small young was found in a cactus bush and so only one specimen was taken. This is, perhaps significantly, slightly darker than any specimen from the adjacent mainland, but from lack of material I tentatively call it ignatius. It certainly is not lamprocephalus. In addition to the single known endemic bird, Tortuga Island is the home of a very distinct species of mammal, a mouse of the genus Pero- myscus, which closely resembles no known mainland form, and a descrip- tion of which will appear shortly. One reptile, a rattlesnake, {Crotalus tortugensis van Denburgh and Slevin) is also peculiar to the island. Amphispiza bilineata cana subsp. no v. Type. — Breeding male adult; no. 30,180, collection of Donald R. Dickey; San Esteban Island, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico; April 17, 1930; col- lected by A. J. van Rossem; original number 12,895. Subspecific characters. — Palest and grayest of the races; most closely resem- bles Amphispiza bilineata deserticola but size smaller, particularly in tail length; coloration paler and more ash-gray (less brownish) on upper parts and flanks. Compared with the geographically adjacent pacifica of the Sonora coast, the size is similar but the coloration is very much more ashy (less brownish) as well as paler. 224 San Diego Society of Natural History Range. — San Esteban Island, Gulf of California, Sonora, Mexico. Remarks. — The contrast between cana, the pale extreme, and tortugae, at the dark end of the series, provides interesting comparison. Here are the extremes of coloration within the species occupying islands a trifle under one hundred miles apart, both lying within the Arid Tropical Zone and on both of which essentially similar conditions, both as to topography and flora obtain. San Esteban is somewhat larger than Tortuga and has one intersecting valley in which growth is more abundant than anywhere on the latter island. However, the cover is of a practically identical type — several species of cactus and low scrubby brush. Neither island harbors, so far as is known, any predatory mammals nor for that matter any predatory birds other than duck hawks or an occasional migrating marsh hawk. The former have too plentiful a supply of small sea birds to be interested in such fry as sparrows and the latter is of too casual an occurrence to be a factor of any importance. The point is that here are two strictly resident colonies of sparrows living under essentially the same conditions and with no control other than that imposed by the period of minimum food supply, which operates on both alike. Thus it would seem apparent that isolation, with resultant divergence, appears to have been the major factor in the development of these island races rather than climate or "natural selection". Average Measurements of Adult Males in Millimeters. 13 Amphisp'tza bilineata bilineata 20 A mphisp'tzd bilineata deserticola 4 Amphispiza bilineata pacifica 13 Amphispiza bilineata bangsi 12 Amphispiza bilineata tortugae 7 Amphispiza bilineata cana Specimens examined. — Amphispiza bilineata bilineata: 14 from Texas and Coahuila. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola: 84 from Nevada; Arizona; New Mexico; California; Lower California (Natividad Island; port San Bartolome; San Francisquito Bay; Santa Teresa Bay) and Sonora (Saric; 12 miles west of Magdalena). Amphispiza bilineata bangsi: 22 from Lower California (San Ignacio Lagoon; Jesus Maria Canon, east of San Ignacio Lagoon; San Lucas, on the Gulf; Carmen Island; San Francisco Island; Espiritu Santo Island; Magda- lena Bay. Amphispiza bilineata pacifica: 7 from Sonora (Kino Bay; Guaymas). Amphispiza bilineata cana: 9 from Sonora, (San Esteban Island). Amphispiza bilineata tortugae: 11 from Lower California (Tortuga Island). Heleodytes brunneicapillus In 1925 the writer collected a single cactus wren at San Francisquito Bay on the Gulf coast of Lower California which, for want of a better name, was labelled Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti. There were at that cime no actual bryanti available and the identification was based on a com- Wing Tail 64.1 58.8 66.3 62.1 64.0 58.3 61.5 54.4 62.7 58.1 63.0 58.6 VAN RossEM— New Birds from Northwestern Mexico 225 parison with a series of Heleodytes brunnekapillus affinis from the Cape District, During the past year there has been opportunity to collect further specimens not only from the San Ignacio District but also from the Cape. The combined series of all of the Lower California cactus wrens in the Dickey collection, the San Diego Society of Natural History, the Ban- croft collection and 15 from the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology shows that still another form is to be recognized from Lower California. Inci- dentally the definition of this new race increases by one the number of birds which are confined to that rather restricted region known as the Cape District and which do not range north over the San Ignacio District, as formerly supposed. I here use the terms for the various faunal areas in the same sense that they are employed by Grinnell in his recent "Distribu- tional Summation of the Ornithology of Lower California." Heleodytes brunneicapillus purus subsp. no v. Type. — Male adult; no. 30,079, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Santa Agueda Reservoir, 11 miles west of Santa Rosalia, 27° 20' N. on the Gulf coast of Lower California, Mexico; March 31, 1930; collected by A. J. van Rossem; original number 12,794. Subspecifc characters. — Differs from all of the known races of Heleodytes brimneicapillus in possessing, when in relatively unworn plumage, pure black and white underparts with only very rarely the slightest traces of brown or huffy on the flanks. Differs from Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis Xantus of the Cape region in lacking the strong buffy suffusion on the underparts and in having decidedly grayer (less reddish) upperparts. Differs from Heleodytes brunnei- capillus bryanti Anthony of the San Pedro Martir District in less buffy under- parts, broader dorsal streaking and from both affinis and bryanti in slightly smaller general size and in decidedly smaller bill. Range. — Middle portion of the peninsula of Lower California, Mexico, from Dolores Bay (25° 05' N.) north to Mesquital (28- 30' N.) and Punta Prieta (28° 56' N.). Specimens from the two latter localities are variously mediate toward bryanti. Remarks. — A moderate amount of wear does not, to any appreciable extent, appear to affect the color, tone or markings of this species, except that the spot- ting and dorsal streaking tend to be sharpened and more clearly defined. A series of 2 1 affinis from the immediate vicinity of the Cape, all collected prior to April 18, does not differ in the slightest as regards color tones from three abso- lutely fresh plumaged specimens taken in October and November. In three out of four other specimens of affinis taken in late June the buff has largely disap- peared, but for that matter so have the terminal portions of the individual feathers! In bryanti the buff of the posterior underparts is less pronounced than in affinis and has largely disappeared by April 1. Worn bryanti, therefore, often have nearly colorless black and white underparts, but are distinguishable from 226 San Diego Society of Natural History purus by the longer bill and much less conspicuously (more sparsely and nar- rowly) streaked back. Average measurements (in millimeters) of males of the three forms involved are as follows. That of the bill appears to be of chief diagnostic value. Our method of measuring the "exposed culmen" is to measure from the tip of the bill to the point where the culmen is covered by the skin of the forehead. This is a much more uniform and accurate method than is possible by measuring to the point where the feathers obscure the culmen. In the latter case, birds in worn plumage give greater measurements than do fresh plumaged specimens. Further- more by measuring to the edge of the skin the "make" does not have to be considered. Wing Tail Exposed culmen 22 affinis 85.3 77.9 25.0 12 bryanti 85.7 77.6 25.4 19 purus 83.6 74.6 23.3 Specimens examined. — Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis, 32 from the following localities in the Cape District: Cape San Lucas, San Jose del Cabo, Agua Caliente, Todos Santos and La Paz. Heleodytes brunneicapillus purus, 39 from the following localities in the San Ignacio District: Dolores Bay, Con- cepcion Bay, Santa Ana Bay, Santa Rosalia, Santa Agueda Reservoir (11 miles west of Santa Rosalia), San Ignacio, San Bruno, San Lucas (25 miles S. of Santa Rosalia), San Francisquito Bay, Campo Los Angeles, Mesquital, Punta Prieta. Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti, 17 from the following localities in the San Pedro Martir District: Canon San Juan de Dios, Santa Catarina Land- ing and vicinity, San Telmo, Aguaita, El Rosario and vicinity, San Quintin and vicinity. A^,^7^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 15, pp. 227-228 November 28, 1930 A NEW LEAST BITTERN FROM SONORA BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM Calijornia Institute of Technology The discovery, during a recent collecting trip along the coast of southern Sonora, of a strongly characterized local race of the Least Bittern was one of the totally unexpected finds which provide added incentive for the carrying on of necessary but often monotonous field work. At Tobari Bay a pair of least bitterns, the female of which contained an egg ready to be laid, was taken in the mangrove scrub surrounding a tidal pool in the center of one of the numerous sand islands. These birds were so very different in appearance from anything I had ever seen that an effort was made to secure more specimens. One other pair was located, only the female of which was taken but she, like the first, was also a laying bird. These, except for a perfectly typical Western Least Bittern which was obviously a migrant, were the only representatives of the species found at Tobari Bay. In addition to the Tobari Bay specimens six more were subsequently taken by Mr. Griffing Bancroft, the well known egg collec- tor, and his assistant, Mr. J. E. Greene, at various points along the coast. I am indebted to Mr. Bancroft for allowing me to use these six specimens in connection with the description of this race, which may be described as Ixobrychus exilis pullus subsp. no v. Type. — Laying adult female; no. 30,322, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico; May 1, 1930; collected by A. J. van Rossem; original number 13,037. Subspecijic character i. — Size small, decidedly smaller dian Ixubrychus exilis hesperis Dickey and van Rossem of the western United States and very similar in this respect to Ixobrychus exilis exilis (Gmelin) of the West Indies and the 228 S.-^N Diego Society of Natural History Eastern United States. Coloration very different from any other race; upper parts in both sexes uniformly and decidedly darker than either exilis or hesperis, the rufous of the hind neck being almost chocolate brown and the wing coverts dark, brownish gray almost concolor with the rest of the wing, instead of being conspicuously contrasted as in the other two northern races; underparts with the ground color white, grayish white or white tinged with grayish clay color; females broadly and boldly streaked ventrally from bill to tail with dark brownish gray, these markings broken up into mottling posterior to the breast, but everywhere occupying more space than the ground color; males much less conspicuously marked ventrally than the females, but variously clouded and streaked with gray or brownish gray on neck, chest, and flanks. Range. — Coastal mangrove swamps of the Arid Tropical Zone of southern Sonora, Mexico, from Kino Bay, south at least to Tobari Bay. Remarks. — The eight specimens from Miramar (near Guaymas), Guasimas Lagoon, Lobos Island and Tobari Bay are radically different from any least bitterns I have ever seen. The Kino Bay birds are males, both taken on May 16 and therefore presumably breeding. One of them is typical hesperis in color and size while the other is a typical pullus in all respects save that the wing coverts and pectoral region have a definite buffy or yellowish tone showing an approach in these particulars to hesperis. Further material may well show that the two are in fact distinct species, and that both breed at Kino Bay and possibly other points. The fact that hesperis and piillus have decided size differences and that color is not the only character by which they may be distinguished militates against any supposition that pullus is simply a color phase such as the melano-erythristic "neoxenus" of the eastern United States appears to be. Measurements of Males in Millimeters 17 14 11 13 Exposed Middle Toe Wing Tad Culmen Tarsus minus Claw cxilis 106-119 (114) 38.0-47.5 (40.9) 41.0-46.3 (44.5) 37.0-42.7 (39.8) 34.7-39.2 (37.0) hesperis 120-131 (126) 42.5-47.0 (45.6) 44.7-52.2 (48.2) 38.5-43.8 (41.8) 38.0-42.5 (39.7) pullus 111-114 (112) 37.0-42.0 (39.5) 45.1-47.6 (46.1) 39.0-41.0 (40.0) 37.0-38.7 (37.7) Females exilis 107-117 (112) 37.5-42.5 (40.2 » 43.0-47.3 (44.8) 37.5-42.0 (39.0) 34.3-39.5 (36.5) hesperis 114-129 (125) 41.5-45.5 (43.8) 44.3-50.2 (46.9) 39.4-42.7 (41.2) 37.5-40.3 (39.1) pullus 108-109 (108.5) 37.0-39.0 (38.0) 43.0-47.2 (44.9) 38.2-40.5 (39.0) 35.5-36.4 (36.0) s^.^?r TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 16, pp. 229-230 December 24, 1930 n", A NEW RACE OF BELL SPARROW FROM LOWER CALIFORNIA, MEXICO BY Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History The study of an accumulation of specimens of Amphispiza belli from different points along the Pacific coast of central and northern Lower CaUfomia, Mexico, reveals the presence of an undescribed race. It may be known as : Amphispiza belli xerophilus subsp. no v. Coastal Bell Sparrow Type. — From Santa Catarina Landing, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 29° 30' north, long. 115° 16' west; no. 13,563, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult female; collected by Laurence M. Huey, October 31, 1930. Subspecific characters. — In color, as well as in geographic position, this form is intermediate between Amphispiza belli belli and Amphispiza belli cinerea. The head and nape are "neutral gray,"^ while the tone of the back is "slate gray." Dorsally this bird differs from either of the above races in having its head and back more nearly uniform in color. The back of xerophilus lacks the warmer brownish color of belli, and yet is of a cold dark color when compared with cinerea. The throat stripes are dark, as are those of belli, but much narrower, not unlike cinerea in this respect. The brownish cast of the flanks in xerophilus is considerably lighter than in belli, and the black flank stripes are heavier and broader. They thus stand out in 1 Colors in quotation marks from Ridgway's "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," 1912. 230 San Diego Society of Natural History marked contrast with the Hghtly washed, almost stripeless, flanks of cinerea. These characters alone would be sufficient to set the three forms apart subspecifically. The yellowish shoulders, so conspicuously bright in cinerea, are more brown- ish in xerophilus and almost lacking in belli. This marking must not be confused with the yellow edge of the wing, which is present in all the races of belli. The mensural comparison of the three races shows no marked variation, though there is a tendency toward longer wings in cinerea. By odd coincidence, the females show greater variation in measurements than do the males, though the colors are alike in both sexes. Range. — Known only from the type locality, Santa Catarina Landing, Lower California, Mexico. Remarks.- — It is interesting, when plotting the ranges in Lower California of the three resident forms of Amphispiza belli, to note the proximity to the sea of the two southern races. It is evident that they are not cactus tolerant and are not to be found beyond the range of certain types of coastal Lower Sonoran brush. For the southern races these seem to be chiefly plants of the genus Lycium, commonly called Frutilla; but over the more inland range of A. belli belli, at least as far as the southern extreme of the chaparral on the western foot-hills of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Adenostojua fasciciilatum, or Chamiso, seems to be the choice association. Specimens examined. — Amphispiza belli belli: 1 from San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, California; 1 from Colton, San Bernardino County, Cali- fornia; 1 from Riverside, Riverside County, California; 7 from San Clemente Island, San Diego County, California; 3 from Ocean Beach, San Diego, Cali- fornia; 5 from San Diego, California; 3 from near San Diego, San Diego County, California; 1 from La Mesa, San Diego County, California; 2 from Hillsdale near El Cajon, San Diego County, California; 1 from mouth of Tia Juana River, San Diego County, California; 1 from north side of Descanso Bay, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from Ensenada, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Ojos Negros, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from Sangre de Cristo, Lower California, Mexico; 15 from 10 miles southeast of Alamo, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Santo Domingo (lat. 30° 45') , Lower California, Mexico; 6 from San Martin Island, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from San Quintin, Lower California, Mexico; 2 from Santa Maria near San Quintin, Lower California, Mexico. Amphispiza belli xerophilus: 10 from Santa Catarina Landing, Lower California, Mexico. Amphispiza belli cinerea: 7 from Santa Rosalia Bay, Lower California, Mexico; 16 from La Lomita Maria, Lower California, Mexico; 1 from Scammon Lagoon, Lower California, Mexico. Total of 91 birds examined. TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 17, pp. 231-234 December 24, 1930 TWO NEW POCKET MICE OF THE SPINATUS GROUP AND ONE OF THE LONGIMEMBRIS GROUP BY Laurence M. Huey Curator of Birds and Mammals, San Diego Society of Natural History For several years the writer has known of a variation existing between specimens of Perognathus spinatiis taken on the desert mountains in the vicinity of the Colorado River at Bard, Imperial County, California, and those taken on the desert slopes of the coast range to the westward. The study of an assemblage of specimens from the above mentioned regions and from a number of localities in Lower California, Mexico, now reveals the presence of two unnamed races, which are described herewith. The description is also given of a new Perognathus longimembris from Lower CaHfornia. Perognathus spinatus rufescens, subsp. nov. Western Spiny Pocket Mouse Type. — From the mouth of Palm Canyon, Borego Valley, San Diego County, California; no. 7446, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, November 10, 1929. Characters. — As compared with P. s. spinatus, rufescens is smaller both in body and cranial measurements. In color it is decidedly lighter and inclines toward rufous rather than gray. In this respect its affiliation tends toward P. s. peninsulae of southern Lower California. Cranially, rufescens has the smallest skull of any of the forms mentioned in this paper. The brain cases of spinatus and rufescens axe rounder than those of the peninsular races, and rufescens has the highest curve of all and therefore the roundest brain case. This character is plain when the skulls are viewed anteriorly. This convexity is also shown promi- nently in the interparietals of both spinatus and rufescens, though the interparietal of rufescens is much shorter and wider than that of spinatus. 232 San Diego Society of Natural History Measurements. — Type: Total length, 180; tail, 103; hind foot, 20; ear, 5. Skull {type) : Greatest length, 23.7; width across bullae, 11.8; interorbital con- striction, 6.3; nasals, 9.1; tooth row, — (last molars lost). Range. — Desert slopes of the coast range mountains from the vicinity of Palm Springs, Riverside County, California, south to the Mexican boundary. No doubt this form extends southward in Lower California to the region of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, but specimens to verify this statement are not available. Perognathus spinatus prietae, subsp. no v. Mid-Peninsula Spiny Pocket Mouse Type. — From 25 miles north of Punta Prieta, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 29° 24' north, long. 1 14° 24' west; no. 8450, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult male; collected by Laurence M. Huey, October 26, 1930. Characters. — As compared with spinatus, larger both in body and cranial measurements. In color it is much darker, with a gray cast as in spinatus, grizzled somewhat like peninsulae to the southward. Cranially, prietae is more nearly like peninsulae in several characters, though it has a rounder brain case, approaching that of spinatus. However, the interparietals are flat, as in peninsulae. Compared with peninsulae in color, prietae is grayish rather than brown and not so heavily grizzled. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 194; tail, 112; hind foot, 21; ear, 5. Skull (type) : Greatest length, 25.2; width across bullae, 12.3; interorbital con- striction, 5.9; nasals, 9.5; tooth row, 3.3. Range. — Probably throughout suitable localities in central northern Lower California. Specimens are available from lat. 30° south to the type locality, lat. 29° 24'. Remarks. — The accompanying table gives the average measurements of male specimens used in the preparation of this paper, and it will be seen that there is a size increase from north to south. Condylo- Width Inter- Total Hind Basal across orbital Tooth Length Tail Foot Ear Length Bullae Constr. Nasals Row P.s.rufescens^ 173.2 99.0 21.3 5.6 24.0 11.9 6.3 9.0 3.3 P. s. spinatus'- 184.8 106.4 22.2 5.0 24.4 12.2 6.2 9.2 3.5 P. s. prietae^ 188.0 109.0 21.0 5.0 25.0 12.2 6.2 9.2 3.6 P. s. peninsulae^ 195.2 111.7 21.3 5.1 25.5 12.3 6.5 9.9 3.4 It will also be noted, if Osgood's^ table of measurements is compared with the above, that the peninsulae from San Jose del Cabo shows a larger skull average 1 8 specimens from San Felipe Canyon, La Puerta and vicinity, San Diego County, California. 2 5 specimens from 3 miles north of Bard, Imperial County, California. 3 6 specimens from Catavina and Punta Prieta, Lower California, Mexico. "* 12 specimens from San Ignacio, Lower Caliofrnia, Mexico. 5 North American Fauna, No. 18, 1900, p. 63. HuEY — New Pocket Mice 233 than do the specimens from San Ignacio. His measurements of the skins are hardly comparable, owing to possible difference in methods. Specimens examined. — Perognathiis spinatus rujescens: Riverside County, California, 1 (Palm Springs) ; San Diego County, California, 12 (2 from mouth of Palm Canyon, Borego Valley; 3 from San Felipe Canyon; 6 from La Puerta Valley; 1 from Vallecito). Perognathus spinatus spinatus: Imperial County, California, 8 (3 miles north of Bard). Perognathus spinatus prietae: Lower California, Mexico, 14 (1 from San Agustin; 1 from Catavina; 12 from 25 miles north of Punta Prieta) . Perognathus spinatus peninsulae: Lower California, Mexico, 16 (15 from San Ignacio; 1 from Llano de San Bruno). Total, 51 specimens examined. Perognathus longimembris venustus, subsp. nov. San Agustin Silky Pocket Mouse Type. — From San Agustin, Lower California, Mexico, lat. 30'^ north, long. 115° west; no. 8196, collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History; adult female; collected by Laurence M. Huey, Oaober 4, 1930. Characters. — As compared with Perognathus longimembris aestivus, much darker in color and has a decidedly bi-colored tail, the black tail-stripe running the full caudal length, terminating with a black tip. The pinna is also covered with black hairs. Cranially, venustus has a longer tooth row, and the frontals are slightly higher and rounder. This latter character does not seem to bear relation to age. The mastoid bullae are more rounded and do not extend as far posteriorly, while the auditory bullae are more attenuated and not as heavily inflated, basally. The only character in which venustus approaches Perognathus longimembris panamintinus is in dorsal color. In this, venustus has a more grayish tinge to the buff than is the case with either panamintinus or aestivus. Measurements. — Type: Total length, 130; tail, 78; hind foot, 19; ear, 5. Skull (type) : Greatest length, 21.8; width across bullae, 12.3; interorbital con- striction, 5.0; nasals, 7.9; tooth row, 3.3. Range. — Known only from the type locality, San Agustin, Lower California, Mexico, which is the southernmost point at which any form of P. longimembris has been taken. Remarks. — It was with surprise that the writer saw the first specimen of this small Silky Pocket Mouse brought from the trap. Already the immediate region of San Agustin had produced representatives of the following groups of Perognathus: baileyi, spinatus, fallax, arenarius and jormosus. With the new form added, a total of six species of Perognathus was shown to occur within a radius of one-half mile. This constitutes a number unprecedented in the writer's experience for one locality. Specimens examined. — Perognathus longimembris panamintinus: Riverside County, California, 50 (Cabazon) . Perognathus longimembris aestivus: Lower California, Mexico, 15 (Sangre de Cristo) . Perognathus longimembris venustus: Lower California, Mexico, 3 (San Agustin) . TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Vol. VI, No. 18, pp. 235-236 December 24, 1930 A NEW CLAPPER RAIL FROM SONORA BY Donald R. Dickey California Institute of Technology Among the specimens collected by Mr. A. J. van Rossem on his recent trip to Sonora were 16 clapper rails which obviously belong to an undescribed race of the Rallus obsoletiis series. In addition there are three specimens available from the Bancroft collection. These birds were found to be not uncommon in the mangrove-salicornia association from Guaymas south to the Sinaloa line and one cannot but be surprised that no examples have heretofore been taken by the several collectors who, in earlier days, visited Guaymas and other parts of the Sonora coast. The series collected represents breeding birds and there is no reason to suppose them to be other than permanently resident on the coast of central and southern Sonora. A description of the new race follows. Rallus obsoletus rhizophorae subsp. no v. Type.— Male adult; no. 30,258, collection of Donald R. Dickey; Tobari Bay, southern Sonora, Mexico; April 28, 1930; collected by A. J. van Rossem; original number 12,973. S libs peci fie characters. — Ventrally (except for the flanks) indistinguishable from Rallus obsoletus yumanensis Dickey of the lower Colorado River Valley. Otherwise rhizophorae differs from yumanensis in the decidedly darker and very much grayer upper parts and grayer flanks. This grayness distinguishes rhizo- phorae from all of the other western races with the possible exception of Rallus obsoletus nayaritensis McLellan, of which only the type is known. J(ange. — The mangrove-salicornia association from the Sonora-Sinaloa boundary, north along the coast at least to Guaymas and probable to the northern limit of mangroves a short distance north of that point. 236 San Diego Society of Natural History Remarks.— Through, the courtesy of Mrs. M. E. McLellan Davidson of the California Academy of Sciences, the type of Rallus nayaritensis McLellan (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th Ser., 16, 1927, 9) is available for comparison. Although very close to rhizophorae in relative darkness of coloration the upper parts of the type are more olivaceous, a circumstance possibly due to its being in fresher plumage. The chief difterences between the two races are the very differendy colored urdcrr^arts, fc-t iiayarkeiisis has the avellaneous reduced in area until it has the appearance of a broad, ill defined pectoral band, with the foreneck, lower breast and abdominal region very much paler. It is obvious, however, that nayaritensis is a race of the Rallus obsoletus series (for a discussion of which see van Rossem, Condor, 31, 1929, pp. 213-215) and should stand as Rallus obsoletus nayaritensis. The old Grayson record of "Rallus elegans" from Mazatlan (see Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 2, 1874, 311) is much more likely to pertain to nayaritensis than to rhizophorae. It is extremely improbable that its citation under "Rallus tenuirostris" by the authors of the 'Biologia' and others is correct. Four specimens of tenuirostris from the Valley of Mexico loaned to me by the Museum of Comparative Zoology show tenuirostris to be a rich brown form, having nothing to do with any Pacific Coast race. Clapper rails are so variable in size that measurements of individual speci- mens are of very doubtful value in making determinations. In size rhizophorae appears to average a litde shorter in most measurements than the more northern Pacific forms, showing in most respects an approach to nayaritensis. ^^^1"^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 19, pp. 237-304, map REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF LAND BIRDS FROM SONORA, MEXICO BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM Cdtifornid Institute of Technology SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society April 30, 1931 Publications of the San Diego Society of Natural History TRANSACTIONS Vol. I, No. 1, 1905. Pp. 1-25 _ ^Ocenis Life Areas of California by Frank Stephens Address on Books Relating to Geology, Mineral Resources and Palaeontology of California by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 2, 1907. Pp. 25-83 Not available A Bibliographical Sketch of Dr. John B. Trask. by A. W. Vogdes MoUusks and Brachiopods Collected in San Diego, Calif by F. W. Kelsey Notes on the Genus Haliotis. _ by Henry Hemphill The Genus Encrinurus by A. W. Vogdes Vol. I, No. 3, 1911. Pp. 85-113 50 cents The Honey Ants of Point Loma, Calif by Percy Leonard Descriptions of Some Varieties of Shells, with Short Notes on the Geographical Range and Means of Distribution of Land Shells by Henry Hemphill Photographing "Red Snow" in Natural Colors by Ford A. Carpenter Vol. II, No. 1, Nov., 1914. Pp. 1-60 60 cents A Preliminary List of the Hemiptera of San Diego County, California _ by E. P. Van Duzee In Memoriam — Henry Hemphill. Vol. II, No. 2, 1916. Pp. 61-76. 2 S cents The Variation Exhibited by Ancistrodon halys (Pallas), A Pit- Viper Inhabiting the Far East by Joseph C. Thompson Vol. II, No. 3, 1916. Pp. 77-102 25 cents Excursion Impressions by Frank Stephens, Forrest Shreve, F. B. Sumner, J. Grinnell, Geo. D. Louderback. Vol III, No. 1, July 20, 1917. Pp. 1-142 $1.40 Palaeozoic Crustacea — ^The publications and notes on the genera and species during the past twenty years, 1895-1917 by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. Ill, No. 2, Feb. 15, 1919. Pp. 1-40 40 cents An Annotated List of the Birds of San Diego County, Califomia..by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 3, April 20, 1921. Pp. 41-56 25 cents An Annotated List of the Mammals of San Diego County, California by Frank Stephens Vol. Ill, No. 4, April 20, 1921. Pp. 57-69 25 cents An Annotated List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of San Diego County, California _ — by Frank Stephens Vol. IV, No. 1, 1924. Pp. 1-158, plates 1, 2 $1.60 Palaeozoic Crustacea. Part I — Bibliography of Palaeozoic Crustacea Part II — List of the Genera and Subgenera of the Trilcbita Part III — Historical Summary of the Ordovician Genus Cybele Loven by Anthony Wayne Vogdes Vol. V, No. 1, February 20, 1927. Pp. 1-10, plate 1 25 cents A Discussion of the Zonal Status of the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California, Mexico, with Descriptions of a New Kangaroo Rat and a New Woodpecker from that Region. by Laurence M. Huey Vol. V, No. 2, July 14, 1927. Pp. 11-40, plates 2, 3 J 5 cents Birds Recorded in Spring at San Felipe, Northeastern Lower California, Mexico, with the Description of a New Woodpecker from that Locality. by Laurence M. Huey TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 19, pp. 237-304, map REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF LAND BIRDS FROM SONORA, MEXICO BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM California Institute of Technology SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society April 30, 1931 STATE OF SONORA, MEXICO SHOWING LOCALITIES MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT STATE BOUNDARIES INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARY CALE OF MILES REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF LAND BIRDS FROM SONORA, MEXICO BY A. J. VAN ROSSEM California Instiltite of Technology During the past two years a very fair representation of the avifauna of certain parts of Sonora has found its way into the Dickey collection at the California Institute of Technology. These birds have been secured principally through the field work of Mr. J. T. Wright who, in spite of unsettled conditions, has worked almost continuously in Sonora for the past two years and to whom is due great credit for obtaining such an amount of fine material under the most trying conditions. The birds and mammals taken by Mr. Wright were all collected originally for Mr. Grif- fing Bancroft of San Diego, but they have, with a few exceptions, since been incorporated into the Dickey collection. In addition there are some 300 specimens taken by the writer between April 17 and May 15, 1930, all from coastal localities not touched by Mr. Wright, another lot of about 100 skins, also personally taken, from the northern part of the Gulf of California in April, 1925, and a dozen skins taken by the late W. Leon Dawson, principally from Magdalena and Guaymas. There are also a few Stephens, Bancroft and Anthony taken skins in the collection of the San Diego Society of Natural History, some of which, by permission of that institution, are listed here. Altogether nearly 4,000 specimens have been examined. Mr. Bancroft, whom I accompanied on the trip to the Gulf in 1925, and also for part of the time he was on the Sonora coast in the spring of 1930, has undertaken a survey of the seabirds of the Gulf and in view of this fact the so called "water birds" represented in the collections have not been listed here. On the other hand all of the land birds in the Bancroft collection have been turned over to me for identification and recording. This arrangement of course avoids the duplication of effort and record which would otherwise ensue. It is not to be inferred that ornithological work in Sonora is even approximately completed, indeed there are great areas, principally in the northwestern and eastern portions of the state, which are totally unrepre- sented in the collections here reported upon and which are practically 240 San Diego Society of Natural History unknown ornithologically. Until these gaps are filled in any attempted general survey of the ornithology of this very interesting state would be premature and inconclusive. I have, therefore, made no attempt to make this paper include anything beyond the material which has passed through my hands. To further complicate matters there are three provisional boundaries between Sonora and Chihuahua. It appears to be not improb- able that the many "Chihuahua" records from the ornithologically famous "Hacienda de San Rafael" and less likely that others from Carmen, etc., will have to be transferred from Chihuahua to Sonora. I understand that none of these boundaries is as yet official. The assembling of a bibliography of Sonora ornithology, a task which has occupied much of my spare time for the past year and which is, as yet, far from complete, has served nevertheless to emphasize the spotty nature of the available data. At least five years of field work will be necessary before a comprehensive knowledge of the manner of distribu- tion of many species or races can be obtained. The faunal districts (or "differentiation areas") of Sonora are apparently four in number, although it is entirely possible that with further field work others will be brought to light. In the northwest is the Colorado Desert District extending eastward approximately halfway across the state. The northeastern upland area is simply the southward extension of the "Eastern Plains Area" as conceived by Swarth (The Faunal Areas of Southern Arizona, 1929). It extends east into New Mexico and Chihuahua, but until its approximate boundaries are established in that direction there would seem to be little point in coining a name for it. A few of its characteristic races are Junco phaeonotus palliatus, Dryobates villosus icastus, Aphelocoma sieberii arizonae, Penthestes sclateri eidos, Cyrtonyx montezufnae mearnsi and Geothlypis trichas chryseola. The Tiburon Island District which includes San Esteban Island is poorly characterized as regards endemic bird life. It lies close to the borderline between the Colorado Desert and Alamos Districts and the three known differentiates are sedentary forms whose divergences from the allied mainland races are more probably the result of isolation than of climate. Most southerly of all is the Alamos District of southern Sonora, southwestern Chihuahua and northern Sinaloa. Within it a great number of resident land birds as well as several littoral species have developed more or less strongly characterized local races. Of major interest is the fact that the avian population which has been affected VAN ROSSEM — SONORA LaND BiRDS 241 is made up of three distinct elements in relative abundance in the order named: terminals of southern derivation, local representatives of wide- ranging species, and terminals of northern derivation. Compare these conditions with those present in the same latitude on the opposite side of the Gulf where only one of the species {Hylocharis xantusii) is of southern affinities. The approximate boundaries of the four districts, so far as Sonora is concerned, are outlined on the accompanying map, but it must be understood that these outlines are only approximate for the greater part. At some points, both coastwise and in the central portions of the state, however, the line is believed to be drawn fairly accurately. On the coast the northern limits of the Alamos District are clearly coincident with the limits of the Arid Tropical Zone. The Wright collections are predomi- nantly "northern" at Pesqueira and almost wholly "Alamos" at Tecoripa and San Javier, thus pretty definitely establishing the boundaries as mid- way between them. Brewster's Oposura records, or such of them as have been published, indicate a northern arm of the Alamos District at least to that point up the Yaqui River Valley and its tributaries. The records of Thayer and Bangs from La Chumata and Opodepe show that region to be most closely connected with the northeastern area. Record stations mentioned in the present report are located on the map not only as a convenience, but in order to fix definitely the particular "Alamos," "San Javier," "Agiabampo," etc., at which the specimens were collected. This is prompted by the difficulties which have been en- countered by citations such as "San Pedro," of which there are by conservative estimate some twenty towns within the boundaries of the state. Cathartes aura septentrlonalis Wied Cathartes septentriunalis Wied. Reise Nord America, 1, 1839, 162 (Near New Harmony, Indiana.) Turkey vultures were found to be fairly common at Guaymas and Tobari Bay. Wright noted them as follows: El Doctor, January- February, 1929; Pesqueira, February, 1929, common; Tecoripa, March, 1929, common; San Javier, April, 1929, common; Saric, May-September, 1929, common, nesting July; Obregon, October-November, 1929, plenti- ful; Tesia, November-December, 1929, January and June, 1930, common; Chinobampo, February, 1930, common; Guirocoba, May, 1930, common. 242 San Diego Society of Natural History Coragyps atratus atratus (F. A. A. Meyer) Vultur atratus F. A. A. Meyer, Zool. Annal., 1, 1794, 290 (Florida, ex Bartram) . The Black Vulture was common about Guaymas, but was personally seen nowhere else in the state. Wright found them to be more or less common at Saric from May to September, 1929; Pesqueira in February, 1929; Obregon in October and November, 1930, and at Tesia in Novem- ber, 1929, and in June, 1930. Accipiter cooperii mexicanus Swainson Accipiter mexicanus Swainson, Fauna Bor. Am., 2, 1831, 45, footnote (Real del Monte, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Saric, 3 (July 14, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (February 14, 1930). The three Saric specimens are nestlings, thus establishing the species as breeding within the state. So far as birds in the streaked, immature plumage are concerned, the differences between eastern and western specimens of Accipiter cooperii parallel very closely the characters shown by the corresponding races of Astur. In other words, I believe Ridgway (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, 1888, 92) and Swann (Mon. Ace, 5, 1926, 292) to have been justified in admitting mexicanus, even though the chief (and perhaps only) dis- tinguishing feature of mexicanus is the dark, broadly streaked underparts of the immature birds. Accipiter velox (Wilson) Falco velox Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, 1812, 116, pi. 45, fig. 1 (Bank of Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia, Pa.). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 1 (March 2, 1929) ; Saric, 1 (September 24, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (December 29, 1929; March 23, 1930). Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audubon) Buteo harrisi Audubon, Birds Amer., folio, 4, 1837, pi. 392 (Between Bayou Sara and Natchez, Mississippi) . Dickey collection. — Tesia, 1 (December 5, 1929). A pair was found nesting 10 miles north of Guaymas on May 9, 1930. Buteo borealis calurus Cassin Buteo calurus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1855, 281 (Near Fort Webster, Rio Mimbres, New Mexico) . A pair of adult red-tailed hawks was seen not infrequently in late VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 243 April and May in the giant cactus forest on the road between Guaymas and Empalme. Noted by Wright at El Doctor in January, 1929. Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte, Geog. &C Comp. List, 1838, 3 (Near Columbia River) . Bancroft collection. — El Alamo [29 mi. N. W. of Magdalena] , 1 (June 30, 1928). Buteo albonotatus albonotatus Kaup Buteo albonotatus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 329 (Mexico). Dickey collection.- — Obregon, 1 (November 19, 1929). Asturina plagiata maxima van Rossem Asturina plagiata maxima van Rossem, Condor, 32, November, 1930, 303 (San Javier, Sonora, Mexico) . Dickey collection. — San Javier, 2 ; Saric, 1 ; Chinobampo, 1 ; Guirocoba, 2; Magdalena, 1. This species is apparently permanently resident in the lowlands and foothills throughout the state. Circus hudsonius (Linnaeus) Falco hudsonius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, 128 (Hudson Bay). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 1 (March 8, 1929). Pandion haliaetus carolinensis (Gmelin) Falco carolinensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, i, 1788, 263 (Carolina). Ospreys were noted at San Pedro Nolasco Island, Guaymas and Tobari Bay. The species is much less common than on the Lower Cali- fornia side of the Gulf. Polyborus cheriway auduboni Cassin Polyborus auduboni Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 17, 1865, 2 (Florida). Dickey collection.— Tesia, 1 (March 27, 1930). Bancroft collection. — 25 mi. S. E. of Guaymas, 1 (June 18, 1928) ; San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 14, 1930). In addition to the specimens recorded above, caracaras were observed commonly at Tobari Bay from April 26 to May 1, 1930. Wright noted them as follows: Tecoripa, March, 1929, few; San Javier, April, 1929, few; Pesqueira, February, 1929, rare; Guirocoba, May, 1930, common. 244 San Diego Society of Natural History Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte Falco anatum Bonaparte, Geog. & Comp. List, 1838, 4 (Egg Harbor, New Jersey) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 1 (March 2, 1929) ; San Pedro Martir Island, 1 (April 20, 1930 [breeding]). Seen also at San Esteban Island (April 17, 1930). Falco sparverius sparverius Linnaeus Falco sparverius Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 90 (Carolina). Dickey collection.— 30 mi. S. W. of Magdalena, 1 (April 24, 1925) ; Obregon, 2 (November 1, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (December 15, 1929). A winter visitant. The specimen from Magdalena was picked up dead. Injury or sickness probably accounts for the extremely late date. Falco sparverius phalaena (Lesson) Tinnunculus phalaena Lesson, Echo du Monde Savant, 12"^ ann., June 19, 1845, 1086 (San Bias and Acapulco, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 2 (January 20, 27, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 2 (March 2, 29, 1929) ; Obregon, 1 (November 2, 1929) ; Guaymas, 2 (April24, May3, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 3 (February 25, 1929) ; 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 2 (February 17, 1929). I entirely agree with Griscom (Am. Mus. Novit., 414, March 24, 1930, l) that phalaena is restricted to the desert regions of the south- western United States and northwestern Mexico, and that the typical race sparverius extends to the Pacific coast. So far as I can judge from the material at hand, which is quite extensive, phalaena is a permanent resident of the Lower Sonoran Zone in the deserts of southeastern California, southern Arizona and south into Mexico. The more north- erly sparverius is a migratory race and occurs commonly in winter over the range of phalaena. Ortalis wagleri (Gray) Ortalida wagleri Gray, List Gallinae Brit. Mus., 1867, 12 (Western Mexico). Wright informs me that the Chestnut-bellied Chachalaca is not uncommon about Guirocoba and Chinobampo. He shot one with a high- powered rifle at the fonner place, but did not save the remains. VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 245 Colinus virginianus ridgwayi Brewster Colinus ridgwayi Brewster, Auk, 2, 1885, 199 (18 mi. S. W. of Sasabe, Sonora). Dickey collection.— Magdalena, 1 (July 12, 1928) ; 90 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (March, 1929). Bancroft collection. — 90 mi. S. of Nogales, 5 ("February and March, 1929"). Lophortyx gambelii gambelii Gambel Lophortyx gambelii "Nuttall" Gambel, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1843, 260 ("Some distance west [ =east] of California" [ = southern Nevada] ) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 9; Pesqueira, 5; Tecoripa, 6; Saric, 1; Guaymas, 3. Bancroft collection. — "Central Sonora", 2; 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 2; Guaymas, 1 ; 6 mi. N. of Guaymas, 2. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 5 ; Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 9. Lophortyx gambelii fulvipectus (Nelson) Callipepla gambeli jidvipectus Nelson, Auk, 16, January, 1899, 26 (Camoa, Rio Mayo, Sonora). Dickey collection. — Obregon, 4; Tesia, 1 ; Tobari Bay, 4. Bancroft collection. — 25 mi. S. [E.] of Guaymas, 1; Caieme [ = Obregon ] , 1 ; Agiabambo, 1 . The meeting place, coastwise, of the two races of Gambel quail is pretty definitely fixed as just south of Guaymas, for while specimens from Guaymas are gambelii they show definite tendencies toward fulvipectus. The appearance of specimens of gambelii from Tecoripa leads me to suspect that intergradation with fulvipectus occurs only a short distance south of there. The race fulvipectus is an excellent one, showing dark, rich coloration in both sexes. Lophortyx douglasii douglasii (Douglas) Ortyx douglasii "Vigors" Douglas, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 16, 1828, 145 (Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Tesia, 15, Chinobampo, 7 ; Guirocoba, 5. 246 San Diego Society of Natural History Lophortyx douglasii bensoni (Ridgway) Callipepla elegans bensoni Ridgway, Forest and Stream, 28, no. 6, March 3, 1887, 106 (18 miles N. of Cumpas, Sonora, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Pesqueira, 3; Tecoripa, 17; San Javier, 6; Guay- mas, 1. Bancroft collection. — 90 mi. S. E. of Nogales, 8. The differences between bensoni and douglasii are sufficiently pronounced in series to make the former a perfectly valid race. The differences are much the same as separate gambelii from fulvipectus, namely, the generally pallid coloration of the northern race. In addition the male of bensoni has, normally, a rery much paler crest, and there is more light rufous in the form of shaft streaks and ill defined spots on the chest and flanks. Such markings when present in douglasii are almost obsolete. Characters such as the relative amounts of white and black in the throat patches of the males and the color of the crest of the females prove to be individual in nature and, while interesting, are of no value in discriminating the two races. Although in the original description and in subsequent citations the type locality of bensoni is given as "Campos," Dr. Richmond informs me that the actual type locality is, as stated by Lieut. Benson in a letter to Robert Ridgway dated February 11, 1887, 18 miles north of Cumpas. An interesting occurrence was the taking of a mated pair of quail at Guaymas, the male of which was gambelii and the female bensoni. This is furthermore the only Sonora station of record for bensoni (or douglasii either) at or near a coastal locality. The main habitat of the species is evidently the broken, lower hill-country inland and it appears to be rare on the coastal plain. Cyrtonyx montezumae montezumae (Vigors) Ortyx montezumae Vigors, Zool. Journ., 5, 1830, 275 (Mexico). Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 2 (May 2, 1930). Both of these specimens are typical montezumae. Just how far monte- zumae extends north of the Alamos District, using that term in its most restricted sense, is something for future field work to determine. The analogies of Lophortyx gambelii and Lophortyx douglasii would accord to montezumae a relatively restricted range in Sonora. VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 247 Crytonyx montezumae mearnsi Nelson Cyrtonyx montezumae mearnsi Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, 255 (Fort Huachuca, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 2 (June 27, 1929). V Ara militaris mexicana Ridgway Ara militaris mexicana Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, May 27, 1915, 106 (Manzanillo, Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 2 (March 1, 1930). Wright states that macaws were common at Guirocoba also, and that they are evidently resident in both localities. V Psittacula cyanopygia pallida Brewster P sit taenia cyanopyga pallida Brewster, Auk, 6, April, 1889, 85 [Separates issued January 31, 1889] (Alamos, Sonora). Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 4 (April 22, 1930). Wright found these birds to be present, but rare, at Chinobampo in February, 1929. Amazona finschi (Sclater) Chrysotis finschi Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 298 (Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 1 (May 21, 1930). "^ Amazona albifrons saltuensis Nelson Amazona albifrons saltuensis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, May 29, 1899, 26 (Camoa, Sonora) . Dickey collection.— Tesia, 3 (December 16, 19, 1929; January 30, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 4 (February 8, 11, 1930); Guirocoba, 1 (May 3, 1930) ; Guaymas, 9 (April 24 to May 3, 1930; breeding). Noted also at Obregon by Wright in November, 1929. There is also in the Dickey collection a specimen of saltuensis from San Bias in northern Sinaloa. Columba fasciata fasciata Say Coluynba fasciata Say, in Long's Exped., 2, 1823, 10, note (Plum Creek, near Castle Rock, Douglas County, Colorado) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 4 (May 30 to June 27, 1929). Wright found band-tailed pigeons breeding at Saric and also noted a small flock at 3500 feet altitude near San Javier on April 20, 1929. 248 San Diego Society of Natural History Columba flavirostris restricta van Rossem Columba flavirostris restricta van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 8, August 30, 1930, 197 (Tecoripa, Sonora) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 2 (March 5, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 1, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (April 29, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Agiabampo, 2 (June 9, 1930 [full-grown juvs.]). According to Wright a "plentiful" species at the localities listed above. Zenaidura macroura marginella (Woodhouse) Ectopistes marginella Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, no. 3, 1852, 104 (Cross Timbers, north fork of Canadian River) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 3 (March 21, 29, 1929) ; San Pedro Martir Island, 1 (April 18, 1925). Bancroft collection.— 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Mourning doves were also seen at Tobari Bay (April 26 to May 1, 1930). Melopelia asiatica mearnsi Ridgway Melopelia asiatica mearnsi Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, May 27, 1915, 107 (5 mi. N. of Nogales, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Pesqueira, 1 (February 23, 1929). Bancroft collection.— Guaymas, 1 (June 24, 1928); El Alamo [29 mi. N. W. of Magdalena], 1 (July 1, 1928). An extremely common, locally abundant, species everywhere on the mainland. Specific locality records where personally seen are Guaymas, Miramar, Empalme, Tobari Bay and San Esteban Island. Columbigallina passerina pallescens (Baird) Chamaepelia passerina ? var. pallescens Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 305 (Cape San Lucas, Lower California). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 1 (April 25, 1929) ; Saric, 2 (June 24, 28, 1929). Bancroft collection.— 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 2 (January 13, 1928) ; Guaymas, 2 (June 23, 28, 1928) ; El Alamo, 1 (July 3, 1928). Ground doves were also seen, mostly in pairs, at Tobari Bay (April 26 to May 1, 1930) . Wright found this species nesting at Saric in June, 1929, and at Guirocoba in May, 1930. VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 249 Scardafella inca (Lesson) Chamacpelia inca Lesson, Compl. Oeuvres Buffon, 20, 1847, 211 (Mexico). Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 4 (March 12, 17, 1929) ; Saric, 1 (May 21, 1929) ; San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 2 (June 2^, 1928); Cajeme [ = Obre- g6n],2 (June 20, 1928). Noted by Wright at San Javier in April, 1929. Leptotila verreauxi angelica Bangs and Penard Leptotila julviventrts angelica Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 8, May 8, 1922, 29 (Brownsville, Texas). Dickey collection. — San Javier, 1 (April 22, 1929). v^ Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway Coccyzus americanus occidentalis Ridgway, Man. N. A. Birds, 1887, 273 (Santa Rita Mts., Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 16 (June 15 to September 22, 1929). Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 1 (June 22, 1928) ; Agiabampo, 1 (June 9, 1930). A common summer visitant to suitable associations everywhere, breed- ing certainly at Saric and Guaymas. In my opinion occidentalis is a valid race with characters (as given by the original describer) readily apparent in the great majority of specimens. \ Piaya cayana extima van Rossem Piaya cayana extima van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 12, September 30, 1930, 210 (Guirocoba, Sonora). Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 1 (April 18, 1930) . Wright saw one other bird at Guirocoba, but was unable to collect it. Geococcyx californianus (Lesson) Saurothera calijorniana Lesson, Compl. Oeuvres Buffon, 6, 1829, 420 (California) . Dickey collection. — San Javier, 3; Saric, 3; Obregon, 1; Tesia, 1. Bancroft collection. — 40 mi. S. of San Luis, 1; Guaymas, 3; Cajeme [= Obregon], 1. Crotophaga sulcirostris sulcirostris Swainson Crotophaga sulcirostris Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 440 (Temes- cal tepee, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 1 (May 6, 1930 ["laying"]). 250 San Diego Society of Natural History This specimen is identical with Central American examples of this species, a noteworthy fact considering the differences shown by Lower California birds. In this latter connection I am not altogether convinced that the characters of pallidula are not the result of a post-mortem color change, possibly induced by some preservative, for it is almost inconceiv- able that Brewster would have failed to notice in his Lower California series what is now so readily apparent. For further remarks on this subject see under Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis and Euthlypis lachrymosa tephra. Tyto alba pratincola (Bonaparte) Strix pratincola Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 7 (Southeastern United States). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 1 (March 14, 1929) ; Saric, 2 (July 10, 24,1929). The Tecoripa specimen is indistinguishable on any basis from El Salvador skins of extreme guatemalae. I am inclined to suspect that guatemalae is in reality only the extreme dark phase of pratincola, but for the present, considering the fact that only dark specimens are known from the range of guatemalae, continue to recognize western Central American birds as distinct. Otus asio cineraceus (Ridgway) Megascops asio cineraceus Ridgway, Auk, 12, October, 1895, 390 (Fort Hua- chuca, Arizona.) Bancroft collection. — El Alamo, 1 (July 1, 1928). This specimen is typical of the Arizona upland race. Otus vinaceus (Brewster) Megascops vinaceus Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, 88 (Durasno, Chihuahua). Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 1 (April 22, 1930 [laying]). This second known specimen of vinaceus represents the bright rufous phase. Its measurements (wing, 151; tail, 84) closely correspond with those of the type, which is also a female. In the scantily bristled toes, pattern of markings and general appear- ance, vinaceus strongly resembles Otus cooperi Ridgway of southern Mexico and Central America. The chief point of difference is the tre- mendously large and heavy feet of the latter, indeed the dissimilarity is so great in this respect that on this character alone the two must continue to stand as distinct species. VAN ROSSEM — SONORA LaND BiRDS 251 Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone Bubo virginianus pallescens Stone, Amer. Nat., 31, March, 1897, 237 (18 mi. S. W. of San Antonio, Texas) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 2 (January 21; February 5, 1929); Obreg6n, 1 (November 17, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (December 16, 1929). The two southerly specimens are darker than those from El Doctor. They are, however, exactly like eastern Arizona pallescens. According to the rather limited material in the Dickey collection there are grounds for suspecting the existence of a definable race of horned owl in the lower Colorado River Valley. Glaucidium brasilianum ridgw^ayi Sharpe Glaucidium ridgwayi Sharpe, Ibis, 3rd ser., 5, January, 1875, 55, in text, 58 (Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Magdalena, 2 (April 28, 1925 ; breeding) ; Obregon, 2 (November 1, 2, 1929) ; Guaymas, 2 (April 24, 1930; breeding). Bancroft collection.^ — Miramar, 1 (May 11, 1930) ; San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930) ; Agiabampo, 1 (June 9, 1930). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Caborca, 2 (August 24, 1884). Micropallas whitneyi whitneyi (Cooper) Athene whitneyi Cooper, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 1st ser., 2, 1861, 118 (Fort Mohave, Arizona). Dickey collection.— Magdalena, 1 (May 14, 1925). Speotyto cunicularia hypugaea (Bonaparte) Strix hypugaea Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., 1, 1825, 72, note (Western United States) . Dickey collection. — Obregon, 1 (November 15, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (Decem- ber 9, 10, 1929). / Antrostomus ridgwayi ridgwayi Nelson Antrostomus ridgwayi Nelson, Auk, 14, January, 1897, 50 (Tlalkisala, Guerrero) . Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 2 (February 18; March 8, 1930; Guirocoba, 8 (April 24 to May 24, 1930) . These 10 specimens have been compared with the types of Antrosto- mus ridgwayi Nelson and Antrostomus goldmani Nelson. In color the Sonora birds range from even darker than typical ridgwayi to typical 252 San Diego Society of Natural History "goldmani," thus showing the latter to be a strict synonym of ridgwayi. As is well known, Antrostomus rociferus has a wide range in color and size, particularly in the case of eastern United States specimens. There appears to be an equally wide latitude in ridgwayi. Measurements of the series are as follows : Spot on inner web Wing Tail of lateral rectrices 7 males 153-158 111-123 35-59 3 females 148- 159 112-118 The validity of Antrostomus ridgwayi troglodytes (Griscom), described from a single specimen from Guatemala (Am. Mus. Novit., 379, October 17, 1929, 10, and Auk, 47, 1930, 85) would appear, in view of the size variation of ridgwayi, to be subject to verification. Phalaenoptilus nuttallii nuttallii (Audubon) Caprimulgus nuttallii Audubon, Birds Am., 7, 1844, 350, pi. 495 (Upper Missouri, between Fort Pierre and mouth of Cheyenne River, South Dakota) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 9 (May 31 to June 21, 1929). Bancroft collection. — El Alamo, 1 (July 3, 1928). ^ Chordeiles minor henryi Cassin Chordeiles henryi Cassin, Illustr. Birds Calif., etc., 1855, 239 (Fort Webster, New Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 1 (July 15, 1929). , Chordeiles acutipennis texensis Lawrence Chordeiles texensis Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 6, 1857, 167 (Rio Grande, Texas) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 6 (March 8, 21, 29, 1929) ; Saric, 7 (May 27, 28; July 11; September 20, 1929); Obregon, 4 (November 1, 1929) ; Tesia, 4 (March 15, 16, 1930). Bancroft collection.— Guaymas, 1 (June 28, 1928); Cajeme [^Obre- gon] , 3 (June 20, 1928) ; El Alamo, 2 (July 3, 1928) ; Agiabampo, 2 (June 8, 1930). Chaetura vauxi (J. K. Townsend) Cypcelus vauxi Townsend, Narr. Journ. Rocky Mts., April, 1839, 348 (Columbia River, probably near Fort Vancouver, Washington) . Dickey collection. — 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1 (May 9, 1930). VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 253 Archilochus alexandri (Bourcier and Mulsant) Trochilus alexandri Bourcier and Mulsant, Ann. Soc. Agric. Lyons, 9, 1846, 330 (Sierra Madre, Mexico). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 1 (April 19, 1929) ; Saric, 1 (May 29, 1929). Calypte costae (Bourcier) Ormsmya costae Bourcier, Rev. Zool., 2, 1839, 294 ( "Calif ornie" = MagdaIena Bay, Lower California) . Dickey collection. — Tesia, 1 (November 29, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Port Lobos, 1 (Aug- ust 24, 1884). Seen at San Esteban Island (April 17 to 19, 1930; common) and about Guaymas (April 24, 1930; common). Selasphorus rufus (Gmelin) Trochilus riijus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, i, 1788, 497 (Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, B. C). Dickey collection.— Tesia, 4 (March 20, 21, 1930) ; San Esteban Island, 1 (April 18, 1930). Selasphorus platycercus platycercus (Swainson) Trochilus platycercus Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 441 (Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 1 (May 12, 1929). Amazilis verticalis (Lichtenstein) Trochilus verticalis Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1830, 1 (Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Guirocoba, 3 (April 22, 24; May 26, 1930) . Two of these three specimens are adult females, the third an im- mature male. While they are listed as verticalis I am not at all sure that such is their proper disposition. One of the females seems to be nearly typical of that form, but the other female and the male appear to be more or less intermediate toward Amazilis salvini (Brewster) . In these latter two specimens the blue of the crown extends more or less brokenly onto the interscapular region, the sides of the neck are spotted with blue and there are isolated blue feathers on the sides of the chest. It may well be that intergradation between salvini and verticalis takes place in southern Sonora. On the other hand the type of salvini may be nothing more than the extreme individual accentuation of the tendencies observable in two out of the three Guirocoba birds. In this latter case all of the Sonora 254 San Diego Society of Natural History (and the single known Arizona) specimens would bear the name of Amazilis verticalis salvini. However, until further examples are collected the matter cannot be disposed of finally. Cynanthus latirostris Swainson Cynanthiis latirostris Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, June, 1827, 441 (Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Magdalena, 1 (May 14, 1925) ; Pesqueira, 4 (Febru- ary 21, 24, 26, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 2 (March 9, 16, 1929) ; San Javier, 3 (April 3, 19, 1929) ; Saric, 6 (May 15 to August 23, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 4, 7, 1929; March 20, 1930). Bancroft collection. — 6 mi. N. of Guaymas, 2; 25 mi. S. E. of Guaymas, 1; 25 mi. S. W. of Cajeme [ = Obreg6n], 1. Trogon elegans ambiguus Gould Trogon ambiguus Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1835, 30 (Northern Mexico). Dickey collection. — San Javier, 5 (April 5, 7, 9, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 2 (February 21, 26, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 4 (April 18 to May 4, 1930). Megaceryle alcyon caurina (Grinnell) Ceryle alcyon caurina Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pubs. Zool., 5, no. 12, March 5, 1910, 388 (Graveyard Point, Montague Island, Prince William Sound, Alaska) . Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 1 (February 9, 1930). Noted by Wright at Saric in August, 1929, and at Tesia, January, 1930. Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis (Sharpe) Ceryle americana, subs. Ceryle septentrionalis Sharpe, Cat. Birds. Brit. Mus., 17, 1892, 134 (Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 2 (March 4, 9, 1929); Saric, 3 (July 30; August 2, 14, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 2 (April 20; May 9, 1930). Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929) ; Agia- bampo, 1 (June 8, 1930). Momotus mexicanus Swainson Momotus mexicanus Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 442 (Temas- caltepec, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 2 (March 6, 1930). These two specimens are slightly paler in general coloration, have more extensively whitish chins and the upper surfaces of the rec^trices are decidedly greener (less bluish) than are any birds in a series of 24 from VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 255 Oaxaca, Jalisco, Colima and Nayarit. However, individual variation in this species is such that until the above mentioned differences are verified by further specimens the naming of a new race would not be justified. Colaptes chrysoides tenebrosus van Rossem Colaptes chrysoides tenebrosus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 5, July 12, 1930, 171 (Obreg6n, Sonora) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 7; San Javier, 1; Obregon, 2; Tesia, 1; Guirocoba, 2; Guaymas, 2. Bancroft collection. — 25 mi. S. of Guaymas, 1; 6 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1. Colaptes cafer collaris Vigors .Colaptes collaris Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, 1829, 354 (Monterey, California). Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (January 31, 1929); Tecoripa, 5 (March 4, 14, 16, 25, 1929) ; San Javier, 1 (April 4, 1929) . Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 2 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 3 (January 13, 1928). Centurus uropygialis uropygialis Baird Centurus uropygialis Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, June, 1854, 120 (Bill Williams River, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 14; Pesqueira, 1. Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 4; 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1 ; Tiburon Island, 2. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 4; Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 1. Specimens from interior northern Sonora are darker in color than typical uropygialis and average considerably larger than either typical uropygialis or sidjuriventer. The same tendencies are observable in a series from the vicinity of Fort Lowell, Arizona. Birds showing the extreme characters of uropygialis are apparently confined to the lower Colorado River Valley and the lower Gila and Bill Williams Rivers. Comparative measurements are as follows : C. u. uropygialis from the lower Colorado River Valley. 10 ad. males: Wing, 126.7; Tail, 79.1; Exposed culmen, 30.2. C. u. uropygialis from Tucson and northern Sonora. 10 ad. males: Wing, 133.6; Tail, 83.0; Exposed culmen, 31.8. 256 San Diego Society of Natural History C. u. sidjuriv enter from southern Sonora. 10 ad. males: Wing, 125.9; Tail, 77.7; Exposed culmen, 28.9. Two examples from Tiburon Island in the Bancroft collection are paler colored and more like Colorado River uropygialis and therefore more typical than northern interior birds. Centurus uropygialis sulfuriventer Reichenbach C[enturus] sulfuriventer Reichenbach, Handb. Scansores, Picinae, October, 1854, 410, pi. 664, figs. 4411, 4412 ("Mexico" [I designate Guaymas, Sonora] ) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 7; San Javier, 4; Tesia, 4; Obregon, 3; Chinobampo, 4; Guaymas, 3; Guirocoba, 4. The Gila woodpecker of southern Sonora is so strikingly different in color from uropygialis that how it ever could have been included in that race is puzzling. It is distinguished from uropygialis by darker and richer coloration throughout, the black bars are wider and the white ones nar- rower, the head and underparts are "buffy brown" instead of "drab-gray" and the belly is "mustard yellow" instead of "straw yellow" or "light saffron yellow." The body color also tinges the white barring (often very strongly) on the back and under surface of the tail. While Reichenbach's description and plate certainly are those of a Gila woodpecker it is impossible to be certain as to which race his name applies. However, as his presumed type locality was "Mexico" the name may appropriately be utilized for the dark colored southern fonn. Balanosphyra formicivora aculeata (Mearns) Melanerpes jormicivorus aculeatus Mearns, Auk, 7, 1890, 249 (Squaw Peak, central Arizona) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 10 (May 11 to June 18, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928) . Asyndesmus lewisi Riley Asyndesmus lewisi Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, 1905, 225 (Montana, about latitude 46° N.). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 3 (January 13, 1928). VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 257 Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis Baird Sphyrapicus varius var. nuchalis Baird, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858, 103 (Mimbres River, New Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 1 (September 19, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (November 30, 1929; January 28, 1930). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Dryobates scalaris cactophilus Oberholser Dryobates scalaris cactophilus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41, no. 1847, June 30, 1911, 152 (Tucson. Arizona). Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 1; Saric, 6; San Esteban Island, 1. Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1. Dryobates scalaris agnus Oberholser Dryobates scalaris agnus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41, no. 1847, June 30, 1911, 150 (Camoa, Rio Mayo, Sonora) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 3; San Javier, 2; Obregon, 2; Tesia, 3; Chinobampo, 3; Guirocoba, 2; Tobari Bay, 1; Guaymas, 1. The race agnus differs from cactophilus in its darker coloration and smaller size. It ranges much farther north than heretofore supposed, for although birds from San Javier and Tecoripa are not typical they are certainly closer to agnus than to cactophilus. The single Guaymas bird examined by me is typical agnus. Dryobates arizonae arizonae (Hargitt) Picus arizonae Hargitt, Ibis, April, 1886, 115 (Santa Rita Mts., Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 1 (June 26, 1929). Xiphorhynchus flavigaster tardus Bangs and Peters Xiphorhynchus flavigaster tardus Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, 1928, 393 (Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua) . Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 2 (May 2, 21, 1930). As compared with Nayarit specimens of mentalis these two show well the pallid coloration which the describers designated as one of the characters of tardus. As the form has previously been known only from the two specimens from Chihuahua in the Brewster collection, measure- ments of the two Sonora males are appended. Size is so variable in this 258 San Diego Society of Natural History species that a larger series than is at present available will have to be measured before its value in the present case can be demonstrated. Wing Tail Exposed Culmen Tarsus 109-116 89-98 38.5-39.6 22.0-23.2 Platypsaris aglaiae richmondi van Rossem Platypsaris aglaiae richmondi van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 43, July 18, 1930, 130 (Saric, Sonora). Dickey collection. — Saric, 6 (May 14 to June 24, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (December 21, 1929); Chinobampo, 2 (February 14, 21, 1930); Guirocoba, 8 (May 6 to 26, 1930). Although apparently of state-wide distribution in the lower hill country during the summer there is no winter record for this species north of Tesia in the Mayo River Valley. Tyrannus verticalis Say Tyrannus verticalis Say, in Long's Exped., 2, 1823, 60, note (Near La Junta, Colorado) . Dickey collection. — San Javier, 1 (April 8, 1929) ; Saric, 3 (August 18, 22; September 8, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 2 (May 4, 8, 1930). Tyrannus vociferans Swainson Tyrannus vociferans Swainson, Quart. Journ. Sci., 20, 1826, 273 (Temascaltepec, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 5 (March 1 to 14, 1929) ; Saric, 10 (May 15 to September 11, 1929); Obregon, 1 (November 19, 1929); Tesia, 2 (December 31, 1929; April 3, 1930); Chinobampo, 1 (March 5, 1930). Tyrannus melancholicus occidentalis Hartert and Goodson Tyrannus ynelancholicus occidentalis Hartert and Goodson, Novit. ZooL, 24, August 31, 1917, 412 (San Bias, Tepic [=Nayarit], Mexico). Dickey collection.— Tobari Bay, 2 (April 26, 27, 1930) ; San Jose de Guaymas, 12 (May 7, 1930) ; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1 (May 10, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (May 12, 1930). Bancroft collection.— Guaymas, 6 (June 15 to 23, 1928) ; Agiabampo, 3 (June 7 to 9, 1930). Whether this species is a resident or only a summer visitant is questionable. At any rate the Tobari Bay specimens represent the first individuals to be noted. While none were found about Guaymas on VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 259 April 22 and 24, they were abundant and commencing to build nests in that locaHty on May 7. Tyrannus crassirostris pompalis Bangs and Peters Tyrannus crassirostris pompalis Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, no. 8, October, 1928, 396 (Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 5 (June 11, 24; July 7; September 11, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (December 21, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 10 (April 19 to May 24, 1930). All of these examples show well the characters ascribed to this race. The Dickey collection also contains a typical example of pompalis from San Bias in northern Sinaloa. Saric is so close to the Arizona line (about 25 miles) that it would appear surprising that the species has not, to date, been added to the avifauna of that state, particularly as it breeds and is apparently not uncommon about Saric. Pitangus sulfuratus derbianus (Kaup) Sdurophagns derbianus Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1851, 44, pi. 36 (Zacatecas, Mexico) . Bancroft collection. — Agiabampo, 2 (June 9, 1930). Myiodynastes luteiventris swarthi van Rossem Myiodynastes luteiventris swarthi van Rossem, Condor, 29, March, 1927, 126 (Huachuca Mts., Arizona). Dickey collection. — Saric, 8 (June 18, 23; August 3, 10; September 10, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 9 (May 2 to 26, 1930). The range of swarthi is now known to extend southward to southern Chihuahua (Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, 1928, 394) and the above recorded specimens take it to the Sonora-Sinaloa boundary. The meeting place of swarthi and luteiventris on the Pacific slope is pre- dictable as central Sinaloa, for two specimens in the Dickey collection from Tepic, Nayarit, are typical luteiventris. The characters of swarthi are most pronounced in southern Arizona and northern Sonora. Myiozetetes similis primulus van Rossem Myiozetetes similis primulus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 8, August 30, 1930, 198, (Tesia, Sonora) . Dickey collection.— Tesia, 19 (November 11 to December 30, 1929; February 18; March 18, 1930). 260 San Diego Society of Natural History Myiarchus tyrannulus magister Ridgway Myiarchus mexicanus magister Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 2, 1884, 90 (Camp Lowell, Arizona). Dickey collection, — Saric, 18 (May 10; August 3, 1929) ; Guaymas, 1 (May 3, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 6 (May 9 to 21, 1930) . The Arizona Crested Flycatcher appears to be only a summer visitor in Sonora. The Guaymas record represents the date of first arrival for the species in that locality, after which time it became relatively common. Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens (Lawrence) Tyrannula cinerascens Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, 5, 1851, 121 (Between San Antonio and Rio Grande, western Texas). Dickey collection. — Pesqueira, 1 (February 24, 1924) ; San Javier, 8 (April 4 to 15, 1929) ; Saric, 12 (June 6 to 30; July 24; September 12, 21, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (December 30, 1929) ; San Esteban Island, ■? (April 17, 18, 1930) ; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 2 (May 9, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 2 (April 15, 17, 1930). Bancroft collection.— El Alamo, 1 (July 3, 1928) ; 10 mi. W. of Mag- dalena, 1 (February 25, 1929); Guaymas, 1 (June 25, 1928); Tiburon Island, 3 (May 22, 1930) ; Kino Bay, 2 (May 15, 1930). The breeding range of the Ash-throated Flycatcher extends south to at least El Alamo in the interior and to Guaymas coastwise. The winter distribution is much more general and extends south over the range of inquietus. Although here listed under cinerascens, all of the island and coastal specimens are really intergrades with inquietus. Generally speaking they are intermediate in size, the general coloring is that of cinerascens and the tail characters are variable, but for the most part are nearest to cinerascens. Myiarchus cinerascens inquietus Salvin and Godman Myiarchus inquietus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, 2, 1889, 88 ( Acahuitzotla, Guerrero, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Pesqueira, 3 (February 23, 25, 1929) ; San Javier, 9 (April 4 to 24, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (November 29, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 6 (February 8 to March 9, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 2 (May 2, 1930; mating). The details of the summer distribution of inquietus are at present obscure, for all of the specimens were taken in winter and spring, the latest date being May 2 (apparently a breeding date) at Guirocoba. At any VAN ROSSEM — SONORA LaND BiRDS 261 rate, the 21 specimens recorded above are, as a whole, certainly referable only to inqinetus. They are for the most part identical with Michoacan and Guerrero birds (Biol. Surv. collection), but in some examples tail markings and size link them with cinerascens. This is particularly true of the three Pesqueira specimens which if resident, as I suspect them to be, mark about the northern limit of inquietus in the interior at that point. Extensive intergradation between inquietus and cinerascens in size, color and tail markings established, the forms of nuttingi of course take the prior specific name of cinerascens. Average measurements for the various races are as follows, males only being listed. 25 M. c. cinerascens from California, Arizona, and Coahuila. Wing, 99.6; Tail, 91.5; Culmen from base, 24.3. 7 M. c. cinerascens — intergrades X inquietus from central Sonora. Wing, 96.1; Tail, 89.6; Culmen from base, 22.8. 7 M. c. pertinax from Lower California. Wing, 94.0; Tail, 88.0; Culmen from base, 24.2. 9 M. c. inquietus from Sonora, Guerrero and Michoacan. Wing, 88.8; Tail, 83.2; Culmen from base, 21.9. 7 M. c. nuttingi from El Salvador. Wing, 84.1; Tail, 81.6; Culmen from base, 20.9. 2 M. c. nuttingi from Costa Rica. Wing, 83.5; Tail, 77.7; Culmen from base, 19.6. I cannot subscribe to Bangs' and Peters' opinion (Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, 1928, 395) that inquietus, as compared with nuttingi, is a "poorly marked form." Not only do the tail markings average very much more dusky on the inner webs, but the size is also decidedly greater. True nuttingi is confined to western Costa Rica and western Nicaragua. El Sal- vador birds are nearest to nuttingi, but with definite tendencies toward inquietus. The dividing line between nuttingi and inquietus would appear to be the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and specimens from there would natur- ally show mixed characters. Myiarchus tubercuHfer olivascens Ridgway Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 2, 1884, 91 (Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca) . Dickey collection.-San Javier, 2 (April 16, 18, 1929) ; Saric, 13 (May 24 to August 19, 1929) ; T6sia, 2 (December 12, 1929; January 28, 262 San Diego Society of Natural History 1930); Chinobampo, 5 (February 15 to March 5, 1930); Magda- lena, 1 (April 27, 1925); Guirocoba, 2 (April 17, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Agiabampo, 1 (June 9, 1930). The distribution of this flycatcher in the extreme northern section of its range (southern Arizona) is narrowed down to a relatively restricted habitat in the Upper Sonoran Zone. In southern Sonora, however, it appears to be very generally dispersed, not only in the lower mountains, but also on the coastal plain to the seacoast. Sayornis saya saya (Bonaparte) Muscicapa saya Bonaparte, Am. Ornith., 1, 1825, 20 (Arkansas River, 20 miles from the Rocky Mountains). Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 6 (January 21, 23, 1929); Saric, 1 (September 15, 1929) ; Obregon, 2 (November 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (February 1, 1930). Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — San Luis, 1 (Decem- ber 31, 1922). Sayornis saya quiescens Grinnell Sayornis sayus quiescens Grinnell, Condor, 28, July, 1926, 180 (San Jose, 45 mi. N. E. of San Quintin, Lower California) . Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 4 (January 24, 25, 30, 1929). The Lower California Say Phoebe apparently occurs as a not uncom- mon mid-winter visitant in the Delta region. On the other hand saya is of general winter distribution over the foothills and lowlands throughout the state. It may be permissible to record here the taking of a laying female of quiescens at Port San Bartolome (at 27° 40' N. on the Pacific side), Lower California, on February 22, 1930. In addition to being an extra- ordinary nesting date, the occurrence is considerably south of any published station for this form. Typical saya was present there as a winter visitor. Sayornis nigricans semiatra (Vigors) Muscicapa semiatra Vigors, Zool. Voy. "Blossom", 1839, 17 (Monterey, California) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 3 (January 27, 1929) ; Pesqueira, 1 (February 25, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 6 (March 1 to 28, 1929) ; Saric, 8 VAN RossEM— SoNORA Land Birds 263 (May 21; September 19, 1929); Obregon, 3 (November 21, 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 5 (December 16 to 26, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (Febru- ary 17, 1930). Also seen at San Jose de Guaymas (May 3, 1930). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 2 (January 13, 1928) ; San Luis, 1 (December 31, 1922). In a recent paper Swarth (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th ser., 18, no. 12, 1929, 306) has summarized the situation with regard to the black phoebes of the Pacific southwest. While I agree with him in his contention that all of the black phoebes from the western United States and Lower California (including "brunnescens" and "salictaria") should be con- sidered as of one race, I cannot agree that the name of that race is nigricans. Briefly, my reasons are as follows: Sayornis nigricans, as a species, ranges from Panama to Oregon, changing gradually from a bird with an extremely restricted, central, abdominal patch of white and uni- formly blackish under tail coverts to one whose posterior underparts are ex- tensively white and whose under tail coverts are usually, but not always, pure white also. Just how many races one wishes to carve out of this gradual transition is a matter of personal preference. The type locality of nigricans is simply the "table land of Mexico," most probably from somewhere in Hidalgo or near Temascaltepec. From these average birds, that is those with moderately restricted abdominal patch and streaked under tail coverts, two extremes may well be recognized, the southern one Sayornis nigricans aquatica Sclater and Salvin (type locality, EXiefias, Guatemala) ranging from Guatemala to western Panama, and the northwestern one Sayornis nigricans semiatra (Vigors) extending from northwestern Mexico north into the United States. Frankly, I have not seen sufficient material to be specific as to the latitude of the northern limit of the range of nigricans. However, semiatra certainly goes south on the Pacific slope of Sonora and Chihuahua to at least the northern part of Sinaloa. My reasons for not recognizing Sayornis nigricans amnicola Bangs of western Panama may be inferred from the above, but will be detailed specifically in another report. Empidonax difficilis difficilis Baird Empidonax difficilts Baird, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858, 198 (Fort Tejon, California) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 5 (March 15 to 28, 1929) ; San Javier, 4 (April 13 to 22, 1929) ; Saric, 17 (May 15 to September 24, 1929) ; Tesia, 4 (Deceember 15 to 29, 1929; March 23, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 264 San Diego Society of Natural History 5 (February 15 to March 5, 1930); Guirocoba, 5 (April 17 to May 17, 1930). Although present throughout the summer and breeding at Saric the other records are more probably those of migrants and winter visitants. In this series of western flycatchers there are two forms represented. One is the smaller, more greenish race breeding along the Pacific coast north to Alaska, the other is the larger, duller colored, interior bird which occurs in the southern Rocky Mountains and the Modoc region of Cali- fornia. While the two are easily discriminated when in typical form, the complications of age characters and color phases, coupled with lack of knowledge of the geographic behavior of the species in the mountains of northern Mexico make fonnal subdivision inadvisable at present. The whole difficilis group of flycatchers is sadly in need of revision, but the scarcity of specimens definitely known to be breeding birds puts difficulties in the path of such an undertaking at this time. This species is a late migrant and even so late a date as June 1 may be open to the suspicion that one has in hand a migratory rather than a resident individual. In this connection I wish to go on record as convinced of the validity of the Santa Barbara Islands race Empidonax difficilis insulicola. If only specimens known to be breeding are considered the subspecies is recogniz- able on the characters (particularly of coloration) ascribed to it by Dr. Oberholser in the Auk, 14, 1897, 300. Empidonax traillii brewsteri Oberholser Empidonax traillii brewsteri Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci., 18, 1918, 93 (Clover- dale, Nye Co., Nevada) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 6 (May 23; August 15 to 30; September 9, 1929); Guirocoba, 1 (May 22, 1930). Bancroft collection. — N. end of Tiburon Island, 1 (May 22, 1930). Empidonax wrightii Baird Empidonax wrightii Baird, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858, 200 (El Paso, Texas) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 2 (March 1, 27, 1929); San Javier, 2 (April 12, 17, 1929) ; Sane, 2 (August 13, 21, 1929) ; Obregon, 1 (November 16, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (November 30; December 12, 22, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 265 Empidonax griseus Brewster Empidonax griseus Brewster, Auk, 6, 1889, 87 [Separates pub. January 31, 1889] (La Paz, Lower California) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 7 (March 1 to 31, 1929); San Javier, 1 (April 17, 1929) ; Obreg6n, 4 (November 3 to 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 21, 22, 1929; March 22, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 2 (Febru- ary 9, 18, 1930). Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus Coues Empidonax pygmaeus Coues, Ibis, October, 1865, 537 (Fort Whipple, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— Tesia, 1 (December 28, 1930). Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris (Chapman) Contopus pertinax pallidiventris Chapman, Auk, 14, July, 1897, 310 (Pima County, Arizona). Dickey collection.— Saric, 1 (August 25, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 3 (Febru- ary 15; March 4, 1930). Myiochanes richardsonii richardsonii (Swainson) Tyrannula richardsonii Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., 2, 1831, 146, pi. 46, lower fig. (Cumberland House, Saskatchewan, Canada) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 33 (May 29 to September 18, 1929) ; San Javier, 1 (April 23, 1929); Guircoba, 1 (May 6, 1930); Guasimas Lagoon, 1 (May 12, 1930); San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 7, 1930). There are two distinct types of wood pewees present in the above series. The breeding type (Saric) is very pale and slightly' smaller than richardsonii of the Pacific coast. Slightly larger and very much darker birds, recognizable in both the adult and juvenile states, appear in mid- August after which date both forms are present. The Dickey collection contains four breeding specimens (June 10 to July 14) from Colonio Pacheco, Chihuahua, which are of the same pale type as the Saric breeding birds. Whether this race is really Myiochanes richardsonii veliei of Coues as suggested by Ridgway (Birds No. 6c Mid. Amer., pt. 4, p. 522 foot- note) I do not know. Just as in the case of Empidonax difficilis the recognition or descrip- tion of an additional subspecies will not clarify, but rather confuse, the situation. Only a thorough revision of the species as a whole by someone with the necessary experience and perception to follow the intricacies of 266 San Diego Society of Natural History sex, age, color phase and late migration will clear up the problems presented. Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus Sclater Pyrocephalns mexicanus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, 45 (Mexico). Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (January 27, 1929) ; Pesqueira, 2 February 24, 25, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 5 (March 1 to 20, 1929) ; San Javier, 1 (April 6, 1929); Saric, 11 (May 10; August 31, 1929); Obregon, 1 (November 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (December 12, 1929). Noted at Tobari Bay (April 26 to May 1 ) and at Guaymas (April 22 to May 14). Bancroft collection. — El Alamo, 2 (July 3, 1928) ; Agiabampo, 1 (June 9, 1930). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — San Luis, 3 (Decem- ber 31, 1922). Camptostoma imberbe ridgwayl (Brewster) Ornith'ium imberbe ridgwayi Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 7, October, 1882, 208 (Tucson, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— San Javier, 2 (April 10, 21, 1929) ; Saric, 7 (May 9 to August 27, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 2 (March 4, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (April 19, 1930). Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwight Otocoris alpestris adusta Dwight, Auk, 7, April, 1890, 148 (Fort Huachuca, Arizona) . San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Tachycineta thalassina thalassina (Swainson) Hirundo thalassinus Swainson, Philos. Mag. new series, 1, 1827, 366 (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico). Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 1 (March 26, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (March 26, 1930). These two specimens are far larger than any of a long series of lepida from the western United States. In addition one of them, the adult male from Tesia, has the back strongly purplish and the upper tail coverts with green predominant over purple. Similar examples are at hand from Pacheco, Chihuahua. While none of these are typical thalassina, they are VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 267 evidently best referable to that race. It is not improbable that the northern plateau birds are separable from thalassina proper. Tesia: Male, Wing, 120; Tail, 52. Tecoripa: Female, Wing, 117; Tail, 45. Tachycineta thalassina lepida Mearns Tachycinetd lepida Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 15, March 5, 1902, 31 (Laguna Mts., San Diego County, California). Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (February 10, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 3 (March 2, 23, 1929) ; Tesia, 8 (March 16 to 18, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (May 10, 1930). The Northern Violet-Green Swallow appears to be a generally distributed migrant and a less common mid-winter visitant. The El Doctor record is the second occurrence to be recorded in winter from the Colorado Delta (Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, 690 [doubtful] ) and it is not unlikely that this region is regularly a wintering ground for a certain number of individuals (see also van Rossem, Condor, 13,1911,133). Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 41, 1902, 167 (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California) . Dickey collection. — Tesia, 1 (March 16, 1930) ; Guaymas, 2 (April 24; May 3, 1930). These beautiful little swallows were found to be breeding not un- commonly in old woodpecker holes in the giant cactus about Guaymas. They appear to be exactly like Lower California examples and thus present a distribution more or less analagous to that of the Western Martin. Just what the exact breeding ranges of brachyptera and thalassina are, in Sonora, will require further field work. The probabilities are, however, that brachyptera occupies the Arid Tropical lowlands and thalassina the plateau country inland. Both forms were taken at Tesia, but the presence of the two in one locality may be due, in the case of thalassina, to the vagaries of migration. Measurements of the Sonora specimens of brachyptera are : 2 males: Wing, 103-105; Tail, 40-42. 1 female: Wing, 102, Tail, 41. 268 San Diego Society of Natural History Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot) Hirundo bicolor Vieillot, Ois. Amer., September 1, 1807 (1808), 61, pi. 31 (Middle eastern United States) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 2 (February 10, 1929). Iridoprocne albilinea (Lawrence) Petrochelidon albilinea Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., N. Y., 8, May, 1863, 2 (Panama). Dickey collection.— T6bari Bay, 3 (April 27, 30, 1930) . Bancroft collection. — Agiabampo, 1 (June 9, 1930) ; Lobos Island, 2 (May 30, 1930) ; Guasimas Lagoon, 2 (May 12, 1930). Compared with Costa Rica and El Salvador examples of the same season, Sonora birds average slightly more bluish (less greenish) and have slightly wider, white supra-loral streaks. However, these differences are very inconstant and some of the above specimens can be duplicated by Central American birds. In both albilinea and bicolor the plumage is very much greener when freshly acquired and assumes a steely bluish hue with wear. Stelgidopteryx ruficollis serripennis (Audubon) Hirundo serripennis Audubon, Orn. Biog., 4, 1838, 593 (Charleston, South Carolina) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 1 (July 26, 1929) ; Tesia, 7 (March 14 to 18; April 5, 1930) ; Guaymas, 1 (May 7, 1930). Bancroft collection.^ — San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930). The series upon which Griscom's Sonora race, psammochrous (Proc. New Eng. Zool. Club, 11, December 14, 1929, 72), was based was col- lected in 1887-8. While the four specimens of that series which are before me are certainly different in color from any in a long series of serripennis I have no slightest doubt that post-mortem fade is entirely responsible for the alleged characters. None of the recently taken examples listed above are in any way separable from typical serripennis. The two breeding birds from Guaymas are, if anything, slightly darker than average California and Arizona specimens. Hirundo erythrogaster Boddaert Hirundo erythrogaster Boddaert, Table PI. Enl., 1783, 45 (Cayenne). Barn Swallows were noted as migrants at Guaymas, April 24, 1930, and at Tobari Bay on April 28, 1930, VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 269 Petrochelidon albifrons albifrons (Rafinesque) H'trundo albifrons Rafinesque, Kentucky Gazette, February 14, 1822, 3, col. 4 (Newport, Kentucky) . Dickey collection.— Tesia, 1 (March 14, 1930). Progne subis hesperia Brewster Progne subis hesperia Brewster, Auk, 6, April, 1889, 92 [separates issued Janu- ary 31, 1889] (Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California). Dickey collection. — Saric, 22 (June 3 to August 16, 1929) ; Tobari Bay, 3 (April 26, 1930). Bancroft collection. — El Alamo, 7 (July 3, 1928) ; N. end of Tiburon Island, 2 (May 22, 1930). All of the Sonora specimens are typical of hesperia, with a Lower California series of which (Mus. Vert. Zool.) they have been carefully compared. I agree with Grinnell (Condor, 30, 1928, 122) that so far as the Pacific coast is concerned, the name subis is the best one to apply to birds from north of the Lower California boundary and conversely that hesperia should be used for all Lower California breeding martins. That typical hesperia does occur north of the Arizona-Sonora line is shown by a series of 9 May and June specimens (Dickey collection) from Tucson. These are supposedly breeding birds. At the sam.e time four breeding birds from the Chiricahua Mountains are good subis. Whether this same manner of distribution (i. e. subis in the highlands and hesperia in the lower hill country and lowlands) extends into Sonora remains to be shown, although such is to be predicted. Wright notes that the Saric series was taken from a colony breeding in old woodpecker holes in the giant cactus at an alti- tude of 3700 feet. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata (Bonaparte) Cyanogarrulus diadematus Bonaparte, Consp. Avium, 1, 1850, 377 (Zacatecas, Mexico) . Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). Wright also observed this jay at Saric on June 9, 1929. Aphelocoma sieberii arizonae (Ridgway) Cyanocitta ultramarina var. arizonae Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, December, 1873, 199 (Old Fort Buchanan, Pima County, Arizona). Dickey collection. — Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929) ; Saric, 6 (June 6 to 26,1929). 270 San Diego Society of Natural History Cissilopha beecheii (Vigors) Pica beecheti Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, January, 1829, 353 ("Montereale," [ = W. Mexico]). Dickey collection.— Chinobampo, 6 (February 11 to March 9, 1930); Guirocoba, 1 (May 2, 1930). In spite of Ridgway's comments on the shape of the bills of some Sonora specimens, I am unable to detect the slightest difference between the seven Sonora examples at hand and three from San Bias, Nayarit, (Calif. Acad. Sci.) in size or shape of bill or in the shade or intensity of the blue on the upper parts. Although there is no question that the young of this species have yellow bills there is good reason to suppose that in fully mature specimens the bills of some never become black, but remain yellow throughout life. The bills of the related Cissilopha melanocyanea are yellow in the imma- ture stages, but become dead black (in apparently all cases) when the birds are about a year old. Callocitta colliei (Vigors) Pica colliei Vigors, Zool. Journ., 4, 1829, 353, pi. 12 (San Bias, Tepic, Mexico). Dickey collection.— Chinobampo, 6 (February 8 to 23, 1930). Noted by Wright at San Javier, April 22, 1929; Guirocoba, April and May, 1930; in the latter locality very commonly. Corvus imparatus Peters Corvus imparatus Peters, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., March 25, 1929, 123 (Rio La Cruz, Tamaulipas, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Tesia, 9 (December 15 to 28, 1929). Also "plenti- ful" at Chinobampo from February to March, 1930, and at Guiro- coba in April and May, 1930 (Wright) . Bancroft collection. — Agiabampo, 2 (June 8, 9, 1930). Careful comparison with an east coast (Tamaulipas) series of five skins (Mus. Comp. Zool.) fails to disclose any geographic differences whatever. Meinertzhagen (Novit. Zool, 33, October, 1926, 87-88) considers the Mexican Crow conspecific with the Fish Crow of the eastern United States, but I fail to see the slightest reason for so doing. VAN ROSSEM — SONORA LaND BiRDS 271 Corvus cryptoleucus Couch Corviis cryptoleucus Couch, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1854, 66 (Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas, Mexico) . Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Noted by Wright as "fairly common" at Saric from May to September, 1929. Corvus corax sinuatus Wagler Corvus sinuatus Wagler, Isis, 22, 1829, 748 (Mexico). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 1 (March 1, 1929); Tesia, 1 (March 27, 1930). Noted at San Pedro Martir Island; San Esteban Island; San Pedro Nolasco Island; and nesting (late April) at all three localities. Common about Guaymas in late April and early May, but nesting data are lacking. Wright records them from Chinobampo in March, Guirocoba in April and May, San Javier in April and Obregon in October and November. The status of the insular ravens both on the Pacific side and in the Gulf remains to be determined. A single specimen from the San Benito Islands and one from San Lorenzo Island in the Gulf both appear to be indistinguishable from Clarion Island birds. Baeolophus wollweberi annexus (Cassin) Parus annexus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, 1850, 103, pi. 1 ("Rio Grande, Texas") . Dickey collection. — Saric, 8 (May 14 to June 26, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps (Sundevall) Aegithalus flaviceps Sundevall, Ofv. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 7, 1850, 129, note (Fort Yuma, California) . [See van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 9, Aug. 30, 1930] . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 5. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — San Felix Mine, 1. Auriparus flaviceps ornatus (Lawrence) Conirostrum ornatum Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., New York, 5, 1852, 112, pi. 5, fig. 1 (Rio Grande, Texas). Dickey collection.— Saric, 12; Pesqueira, 4. 272 San Diego Society of Natural History Auriparus flaviceps fraterculus van Rossem Auriparus jlaviceps fraterculus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 9, August 30, 1930, 201 (Chinobampo, Sonora, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 2; San Javier, 1 ; Tesia, 1 ; Chinobampo, 3 ; San Esteban Island, 3 ; Obregon, 3 ; Guaymas, 4; Tobari Bay, 2. Bancroft collection.— San Esteban Island, 2; Tiburon Island, 1; Tobari Bay, 1. Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Mearns Sitta carolinensis nelsoni Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, 1902, 923 (Huachuca Mts., Arizona). Bancroft collection.— 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). Troglodytes aedon parkmanii Audubon Troglodytes parkmanii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 5, 1839, 310 (Columbia River). Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 2 (March 7, 21, 1929); Obregon, 3 (November 12, 15, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 28, 29, 1929; March 20, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 3, 1930). Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus Oberholser Thryomanes bewickii eremophilus Oberholser, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21, 1898, 427 (Big Hatchet Mountains, Grant County, New Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 18 (May 11 to September 24, 1929). Bancroft collection.— 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection.— 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Pheugopedius felix sonorae van Rossem Pheugopedius felix sonorae van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 11, September 30, 1930, 208 (Guirocoba, Sonora, Mexico). Dickey collection.— Chinobampo, 1 (February 10, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (May 3, 1930). Pheugopedius sinaloa cinereus (Brewster) Thryophilus sinaloa cinereus Brewster, Auk, 6, April, 1889, 96 (Alamos, Sonora, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— San Javier, 1 (April 5, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 6 (April ?3 to May 21, 1930). VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 273 Heleodytes brunneicapillus brunneicapillus (Lafresnaye) Picolaptes brunneicapillus Lafresnaye, Mag. de Zool., 1835, 61 pi. 47 ("Cali- fornia" [ =Guaymas, Sonora. See Ridgway, Birds No. & Mid. Amer., 3, 1904, 519, footnote]). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 6; San Javier, 8; Obregon, 4; Tesia, 3; Chinobampo, 4. Bancroft collection. — 6 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1 ; 25 mi. S. W. of Obregon, 1 ; Agiabampo, 1 ; Tiburon Island, 1 . The Tiburon Island specimen is placed under brunneicapillus only provisionally. Both it and another example from the same locality (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist, coll.) are extremely gray dorsally and the posterior underparts are only very faintly tinged with buff. In size and in the large spotting on the flanks the closest resemblance is to brunneicapillus. It appears probable that a series of birds from Tiburon Island would show the advisability of recognizing still another race. Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi (Sharpe) Campylorhynchus couesi Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 6, 1881, 196 (Laredo, Texas). Dickey collection. — Saric, 5 ; Pesqueira, 4. Bancroft collection. — 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 3. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 1 ; San Felix Mine, 2. Heleodytes gularis (Sclater) Campylorhynchus gularis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, 462 (Mexico). Dickey collection.— Guirocoba, 1 (May 19, 1930; "mating"). Telmatodytes palustris aestuarinus Swarth Telmatodytes palustris aestuarinus Swarth, Auk, 34, 1917, 310 (Grizzly Island, Solano County, California) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (January 27, 1929) . Catherpes mexicanus mexicanus (Swainson) Thryothorus mexicanus Swainson, Zool. Illustr., 2nd ser., 1, 1829, pi. 11 ( Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 2 (February 27; March 8, 1930). The name " polio ptilus" Oberholser (Auk, 20, 1903, 197) is, as Ridgway remarks, not the designation for a stable form, but rather of a series of variable intergrades connecting mexicanus with albifrons, con- 274 San Diego Society of Natural History spersus and punctulatus. This being the case its recognition is open' to serious question. The two specimens from Chinobampo are decidedly closer to typical mexicanus than to any other race. In color they are very nearly typical, but are slightly smaller in size. Catherpes mexicanus conspersus Ridgway Catherpes mexicanus, var. conspersus Ridgway, Amer. Nat., 7, October, 1873, 603 (Fort Churchill, Nevada). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 2 (April 3, 1929). One of these birds is typical conspersus, the other an intermediate toward mexicanus. Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus (Say) Troglodytes obsoleta Say, in Long's Exped., 2, 1823, 4, note (Northern Douglass County, Colorado) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (January 21, 1929). Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Mimus polyglottos leucopterus (Vigors) Orpheus leucopterus Vigors, in Zool. Beechey's Voyage, 1839, 17 (West coast of America) . Dickey collection. — Pesqueira, 6; Tecoripa, 2; San Javier, 1; Saric, 1; Obregon, 3; Tesia, 2; Chinobampo, 3; Guirocoba, 1. Bancroft collection. — El Alamo, 1; 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 1. Melanotis caerulescens effuticius Bangs and Penard Melanotis caerulescens ejjuticius Bangs and Penard, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 34, June 30, 1921, 91 (Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua). Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 1 (February 28, 1930). Toxostoma curvirostre maculatum (Nelson) Harporhynchus curvirostris maculatus Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, 269 (Alamos, Sonora) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 3; Obregon, 5; Tesia, 4; Chinobampo, 2; Tobari Bay, 3; Guirocoba, 4. VAN RossEM— SoNORA Land Birds 275 Bancroft collection. — Cajeme [ = Obreg6n], 1. The range of this race is a relatively restricted one and closely parallels the cases of the two species of Lophortyx. In other words, the lower Yaqui Valley appears to be the most northwesterly region of occurrence. The race maculatum is not a very strongly marked one and the high degree of variability to which this species is subject makes the determina- tion of single specimens at times a difficult matter. In size the form is really an intermediate one connecting occidentale with palmeri, but as a whole possesses sufficiently stable color characters over a definite area to make its recognition well worth while. In addition to the deeper coloration maculatum may be distinguished from typical palmeri by the longer tail. One year old birds average decidedly smaller than adults in all dimensions. 10 adult male palmeri from Fort Lowell, Arizona. Wing, 106.3; Tail, 116.8. 10 adult male maculatum from southern Sonora. Wing, 106.6; Tail 122.0. Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri (Coues) Harporhynchus curvirostris var. palmeri Coues, Key N. A. Birds, 1872, 351 (Tucson, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 2; Guaymas, 3; 10 mi, N. of Guaymas, 3; San Jose de Guaymas, 1 ; San Javier, 8; Pesqueira, 3. Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1; 6 mi. N. of Guay- mas, 1. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. W. of Nogales, 1; Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 3; Altar, 1; Pitiquito, 1. Sonora specimens from the range outlined above are, with the excep- tion of the most northwesterly ones, not typical of any race, but appear to be best referable to palmeri. Those from the foothills or localities adjacent to the foothills, such as Saric and San Javier, show definite tendencies toward curvirostre, while those from Pesqueira and about Guaymas are variously intermediate toward maculatum. The series of eight birds from this latter locality is very much closer to palmeri and the citation of that place as a record station for maculatum (see Ridgway, Birds No. and Mid. Amer., pt. 4, 1907, 202) would appear to be in error. 276 San Diego Society of Natural History Toxostoma curvirostre insularum van Rossem Toxostoma curvirostre insularum van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 11, September 30, 1930, 207 (San Esteban Island, Sonora). Dickey collection.— San Esteban Island, 1 (April 18, 1930) . Bancroft collection. — Tiburon Island, 2 (May 22, 1930). Toxostoma bendirei (Coues) Harporhynchus bendirei Coues, Amer. Nat., 7, 1873, 330 (Tucson, Arizona). Dickey collection.— Pesqueira, 1 (February 23, 1929); Tecoripa, 3 (March 1, 9, 15, 1929) ; Obreg6n, 1 (November 12, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 8, 27, 1929; March 17, 1930); Guaymas, 2 (May 10, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 8 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1 (June 25, 1928) ; 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1; Guaymas, 2 (April, 1930). This species is permanently resident south as far as Guaymas and was found breeding in that locality. Although present in winter and spring in the Mayo River Valley the occurrences there at that season may be due to a southward winter shifting. Toxostoma lecontei lecontei Lawrence Toxostoma lecontei Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 5, 1851, 121 (Fort Yuma, California). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Port Lobos, 1 (August 19, 1894). Toxostoma crissale crissale Henry Toxostoma cnssalts Henry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858 (Fort Thorn, Doria Ana County, New Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Pesqueira, 1 (February 24, 1929). A nest containing three eggs which were on the point of hatching was found between Empalme and Guaymas on May 14, 1930. Both parents were seen, but neither could be collected. Oroscoptes montanus (J. K. Townsend) Orpheus montanus Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1837, 192 (Sandy Creek, Wyoming) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 2 (January 30; February 4, 1929). VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 277 Turdus migratorius propinquus Ridgway Turdus propinquus Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 2, January 1877, 9 (Laramie Peak, Wyoming) . Dickey collection. — EI Doctor, 4 (January 27, 31; February 9, 1929). Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 2 (February 25, 1929). Three of the four winter-taken robins from the Colorado River Delta belong, without much doubt, to an undescribed race. They are very pale and are ashy gray even on the pileum, and lack entirely the olivaceous tones of winter propinquus. Turdus rufo-palliatus Lafresnaye Turdus rufo-palliatus Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1840, 259 ("Monterey, California" [error] ). Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 2 (February 21, 25, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 2 (May 20, 25, 1930). I can appreciate no difference between these four Sonora skins and birds in comparable plumage from Nayarit and Colima. Hylocichia ustulata ustulata (Nuttall) Turdus ustulatus Nuttall, Man. Orn., Land Birds, ed. 2, 1840, 400 (and errata p. vi) (Columbia River) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 3 (May 9 to 22, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 6 (May 10 to 22, 1930). Hylocichia guttata guttata (Pallas) Muscicapa guttata Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, 1, 1826 (1811?), 465 (Kadiafc Island, Alaska) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (January 30, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 1 (March 23, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (February 19, 1930). Hylocichia guttata slevini Grinnell Hylocichia aonalaschkae slevini Grinnell, Auk, 18, July, 1901, 258 (Near Point Sur, Monterey County, California) . Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 2 (March 2, 9, 1930) . Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway Sialia mexicana bairdi Ridgway, Auk, 11, 1894, 151, 157 (Cactus Pass, Mohave County, Arizona). Dickey collection. — Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). 278 San Diego Society of Natural History Sialia currucoides (Bechstein) Motacilla s. Sylvia currucoides Bechstein, in Latham, Allg. Ueb. Vogel, 3, 2, 1798, 546, pi. 121 ("Virginien"). Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (February 9, 1929). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 3 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Myadestes townsendi (Audubon) Ptilogony's townsendi Audubon, Birds. Amer. (folio), 4, 1838, pi. 419, fig. 2 (Near Astoria, Oregon) . Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). Polioptila melanura lucida van Rossem Polioptila melanura lucida van Rossem, Condor, 33, January, 1931, 36 (10 mi. N. of Guaymas, Sonora) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 ; Pesqueira, 2 ; Tecoripa, 3 ; San Javier, 2; Saric, 4; Guaymas, 1; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 2. Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 1. The Plumbeous Gnatcatcher appears to be permanently resident south as far as Guaymas coastwise. It overlaps the range of restrict a at several points. Polioptila caerulea amoenissima Grinnell Polioptila caerulea amoenissima Grinnell, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th ser., 15, September 15, 1926, 494 (Pleasant Valley, Mariposa County, California). Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 1 (February 1, 1929) ; Pesqueira, 3 (Feb- ruary 21, 24, 26, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 2 (March 10, 11, 1929) ; Saric, 2 (September 15, 24, 1929) ; Tesia, 6 (December 4, 29, 1929; March 20, 1930); Chinobampo, 3 (February 10, 18; March 5, 1930); Obregon, 9 (November 3 to 22, 1929). None of these specimens represents breeding birds. The winter dis- tribution appears to be quite general. Polioptila nigriceps restricta Brewster Polioptila nigriceps restricta Brewster, Auk, 6, 1889, 97 [Separates issued January 31, 1889] (Alamos, Sonora). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 3 ; San Javier, 6; Tesia, 2; Chinobampo, 4; Obregon, 2; Tobari Bay, 1; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 2; Guirocoba, 2. VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 279 Corthylio calendula cineraceus (Grinnell) Regulus calendula cineraceus Grinnell, Condor, 6, 1904, 25 (Mt. Wilson, Los Angeles County, California) . Dickey collection. — Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929); El Doctor, 1 (February 1, 1929); Pesqueira, 3 (February 21, 24, 25, 1929); Tecoripa, 4 (March 27, 28, 1929) ; San Javier, 1 (April 10, 1929) ; Tesia, 4 (December 14 to 28, 1929; March 18, 1930). Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall) Alauda rubescens Tunstall, Orn. Britannica, 1771, 2 (Pennsylvania). Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 5 (January 21, 30, 31, 1929). Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot Bombycilla cedrorum Vieillot, Ois. Amer., September 1, 1807 (1808), 88, pi. 57 (Eastern North America?). Dickey collection.— Saric, 10 (May 17 to 23, 1929); Guirocoba, 1 (April 28, 1930). Phainopepla nitens lepida Van Tyne Phainopepla nitens lepida Van Tyne, Occ. Papers Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 5, May 22, 1925, 149 (Riverside, California). Dickey collection.— Saric, 15 (May 9 to June 25, 1929) ; Obregon, 1 (November 9, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (March 27, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 2 (February 13; March 9, 1930). Bancroft collection.— El Alamo, 1 (June 1, 1928) ; 10 mi. W. of Magda- lena, 2 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural Fiistory collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 2 (January 13, 1928). In addition to the above localities Phainopeplas were not uncommon, and were apparently nesting, near Guaymas in late April and early May, 1930. Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis A. H. Miller Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis Miller, Condor, 32, May, 1930, 155 (White-tail Cafion, Chiracahua [sic] Mts., Arizona) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 5 (January 25, 31 ; February 1, 5, 1929) ; Saric, 1 (August 9, 1929); Tesia, 1 (November 29, 1929); Tecoripa, 2 (March 9, 17, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 2 (January 13, 1928); 280 San Diego Society of Natural History 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929) ; 12 mi. W. of Magda- lena, 1 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — San Luis, 1 (Decem- ber 31, 1922). Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway Lanius ludovicianus gambeli Ridgway, Man. N. A. Birds, 1887, 467 (Calaveras County, California) . Dickey collection.— Obregon, 6 (October 31 to November 19, 1929); Tesia, 12 (January 29 to December 29, 1929; March 17, 1930); Tecoripa, 1 (March 15, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). This race appears to be a common winter visitant on the coastal plain and in the foothills as far south as the lower Yaqui River Valley and, if the relative numbers in the present collections are a true indication, out- numbers at that season the resident sonoriensis. With every desire to recognize Lanius ludovicianus nevadensis A. H. Miller I am unable to do so. According to the material at hand, which is quite extensive and includes specimens from various parts of the range of "nevadensis", it is simply an intergrade between gambeli and sonoriensis. Some of the Sonora winter birds have been identified by Miller as gambeli and others as "nevadensis". In the latter case I have included them under either sonoriensis or gambeli according to the predominance of characters. Vireo huttoni Stephens! Brewster Vireo huttoni stephensi Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 7, July, 1882, 142 (Chiricahua Mts., Arizona). San Diego Society of Natural History collection.— 15 mi. S. W. Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Vireo bellii arizonae Ridgway Vireo bellii arizonae Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, September 30, 1903, 108 (Tucson, Arizona). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 4 (April 10 to 18, 1929) ; Saric, 10 (May 22 to September 16, 1929); Obregon, 1 (November 15, 1929); Tesia, 2 (December 9, 12, 1929); Chinobampo, 3 (February 14 to March 14, 1930) ; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 2 (May 9, 1930). Bancroft collection.— Tobari Bay, 2 (April 27, 1930). VAN ROSSEM — SONORA LaND BiRDS 281 Vireo vicinior Coues Vireo vicinior Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 75 (Fort Whipple, Arizona) . Dickey collection.^ — Saric, 1 (September 15, 1929). Vireo solitarius cassinii Xantus Vireo cassinii Xantus, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 117 (Fort Tejon, California) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 1 (March 23, 1929) ; Saric, 3 (August 24 to September 18, 1929) ; Chmobampo, 1 (February 21, 1930). Vireo solitarius plumbeus Coues Vireo plumbeus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 74 (Fort Whipple, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— Tesia, 4 (December 16, 17, 1929; March 18, 19, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 3 (February 15 to March 7, 1930) . Vireo gilvus swainsonii Baird Vireo swainsonii Baird, Rep. Expl. & Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858, 336 (Petaluma, California) . Dickey collection.^ — Tecoripa, 2 (March 21, 1929) ; San Javier, 4 (April 9 to 24, 1929) ; Saric, 5 (May 10 to September 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 4 (March 18 to 23, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 3 (May 17 to 23, 1930). Bancroft collection. — San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930). Vermivora luciae (J. G. Cooper) Helminthophaga luciae Cooper, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 1st. ser., 1, 1861, 120 (Near Fort Mohave, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 1 (March 27, 1929) ; Saric, 14 (May 10 to August 29, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (March 17, 1930). Vermivora virginiae (Baird) Helminthophaga virginiae Baird, in Birds N. A., 1860, xi, note, pi. 19, fig. 1 (Fort Burgwyn, New Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 2 (May 7, 1930). Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi van Rossem Vermivora ruficapilla ridgwayi van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42, 1929, 179 (East Humboldt Mts., Nevada). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 6 (April 11 to 25, 1929); Saric, 5 282 San Diego Society of Natural History (August 17 to September 16, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (February 19, 1930). The Chinobampo record indicates winter residence in southern Sonora. Vermivora celata celata (Say) Sylvia celatus Say, in Long's Exped., 1, 1823, 169, note (Engineer Cantonment, near Omaha, Nebraska) . Dickey collection. — San Javier, 1 (April 19, 1929) ; Obregon, 1 (Novem- ber 7, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 14 to 22, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 February 14, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (April 18, 1930) . Vermivora celata orestera Oberholser Vermivora celata orestera Oberholser, Auk, 22, 1905, 243 (Willis, New Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 1 (March 1, 1929); San Javier, 5 (April 17 to 23, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 4, 17, 1929; March 20, 1930). Vermivora celata lutescens (Ridgway) Helminthophaga celata var. lutescens Ridgway, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, 4, 1872, 457 (Fort Kenai, Alaska). Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 3 (March 11 to 30, 1929) ; San Javier, 1 (April 11, 1929) ; Saric, 2 (September 16 to 20, 1929) ; Obregon, 3 (November 3, 7, 21, 1929); Tesia, 3 (December 12, 16, 1929); Chinobampo, 1 (February 28, 1930). Compsothlypis pitiayumi pulchra Brewster Compsothlypis pulchra Brewster, Auk, 6, April 1889, 93 [Separates issued January 31, 1889] (Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua). Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 13 (April 20 to May 26, 1930). Dendroica erithachorides castaneiceps Ridgway Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, 350 (La Paz, Lower California) . Dickey collection. — Tobari Bay, 10. Bancroft collection. — Tobari Bay, 4; Guaymas, 1; Kino Bay, 1; Tepopa Bay, 1. Dendroica aestiva rubiginosa (Pallas) Motacilla rubiginosa Pallas, Zoogr. RossoAsiatica, 1, 1826, (1811?), 496 (Kadiak, Alaska) . Dickey collection. — Guaymas, 1 (May 3, 1930). Bancroft collection. — San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930) . VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 283 Dendroica aestiva morcomi Coale Dendroica aestiva morcomi Coale, Bull. Ridgway Orn. Club, no. 2, April, 1887, 82 (Fort Bridger, Wyoming) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 8 (May 23 to 25 ; July 3 1 to September 9, 28, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 2 (May 5, 7, 1930). Bancroft collection. — San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930) . I believe the Rocky Mountain race of the yellow warbler to be distinguishable from aestiva by slightly larger size and duller (less yellow- ish) green coloration and from brews teri by decidedly larger size and (in the males) by heavier breast streaking. To morcomi I would assign the breeding birds from the Great Basin slope of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges. Extreme western localities for morcomi as represented in the Dickey collection are Inyo and Mono counties, the Truckee River in Nevada County, California, and Benton County, Washington. Dendroica aestiva brewsteri Grinnell Dendroica aestiva brewsteri Grinnell, Condor, 5, 1903, 72 (Palo Alto, Cali- fornia) . Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 2 (May 7, 9, 1930). Dendroica aestiva sonorana Brewster Dendroica aestiva sonorana Brewster, Auk, 5, April, 1888, 137 [separates issued Feb. 10, 1888] (Oposura, Sonora). Dickey collection. — Saric, 15 (May 28 to August 24, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (March 9, 1930). Sonorana is the only race of yellow warbler known to breed within the state, the three previously listed ones being migrants. Dendroica coronata hooveri McGregor Dendroica coronata hooveri McGregor, Condor, 1, 1899, 32 (Palo Alto, California) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (February 3, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 1 (March 30, 1929). Dendroica auduboni auduboni (J. K. Townsend) Sylvia auduboni Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1837, 191 (Columbia River, near Fort Vancouver, Washington) . Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 9 (January 20, 27, 30; February 3, 1929) ; Pesqueira, 1 (February 23, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 5 (March 1 to 30, 1929) ; Obreg6n, 7 (November 3 to 21, 1929) ; Tesia, 5 (November 284 San Diego Society of Natural History 29 to December 31, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 2 (February 21, 22, 1930). Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 4 (January 13, 1928). Dendroica auduboni memorabilis Oberholser Dendroica auduboni ynemorabilis Oberholser, Ohio Journ. Sci., 21, no. 7, June 6, 1921, 243 (Ward, Boulder County, Colorado). Dickey collection. — San Javier, 2 (April 21, 22, 1930). Dendroica nigrescens (J. K. Townsend) Sylvia nigrescens Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1837, 191 (Near Fort William [Pordand], Oregon). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 5 (April 5 to 24, 1929); Saric, 3 (August 28; September 13, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 4, 29, 1929; March 18, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 3, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 2 (April 28, May 1, 1930). Dendroica townsendi (J. K. Townsend) Sylvia townsendi "Nuttall" Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1837, 191 (Near Fort Vancouver, Washington). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 3 (April 23 to 25, 1929). Bancroft collection. — San Jose de Guaymas, 2 (May 8, 1930) . Dendroica occidentalis (J. K. Townsend) Sylvia occidentalis Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1837, 190 Near Fort Vancouver, Washington) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 1 (May 8, 1929) ; San Javier, 1 (April 21, 1929). » Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis Ridgway Siurus naevius notabilis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, 1880, 12 (Black Hills, Wyoming) . Dickey collection.— Tobari Bay, 1 (April 26, 1930). Several water thrushes, other than the single specimen taken, were seen in the mangroves at Tobari Bay. Presumably they were all of the subspecies notabilis. Oporornis tolmiei (J. K. Townsend) Sylvia tolmiei Townsend, Narr. Journ. Rocky Mts., 1839, 343 (Columbia River near Fort Vancouver, Washington) . VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 285 Dickey collection.— San Javier, 2 (April 10, 15, 1929) ; Saric, 6 (May 22; August 15 to September 16, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 7, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 2 (April 28; May 9, 1930). A common fall migrant from August 15 to September 16 and equally common in spring from March 7 to May 9. Specimens taken, but not preserved, at Guaymas on April 22 and 24, 1930, are the only records for a coastal locality. The main migration route apparently follows the foothills inland. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 8, 1833, 159 (Truckee River, Nevada) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 1 (March 21, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (March 24, 1930); Guirocoba, 1 (March 15, 1930). Detected only as a spring migrant. Geothlypis trichas chryseola van Rossem Geothlypis trichas chryseola van Rossem, Condor, 32, November 1930, 298 (Saric, Sonora, Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 12 (May 31 to June 25, 1929); Tecoripa, 1 (March 3, 1929). For details of the manner of occurrence, ranges, etc. of chryseola and modesta see Condor as above. Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson, Auk, 17, July, 1900, 269 (San Bias, Tepic [ = Nayarit] , Mexico. Dickey collection. — Guasimas Lagoon, 1; Empalme, 1; Tobari Bay, 4; Tesia, 1; Obregon, 1. Bancroft collection. — Agiabampo, 1. Icteria virens longicauda Lawrence Icteria longicauda Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 6, 1853, 4 (California) . • Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 1 (March 28, 1929) ; Saric, 13 (May 22 to August 28, 1929) ; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1 (May 10, 1930). Bancroft coUection.^ — Guaymas, 1 (April 21, 1930) ; Agiabampo, 1 (June 9, 1930). The Saric, Agiabampo and 10 mi. N. of Guaymas records are those of breeding birds. 286 San Diego Society of Natural History Wilsonia pusilla pileolata (Pallas) Motacilla pileolata Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, 1, 1826, (1811?) 497 (Kadiak, Alaska) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 2 (March 28, 30, 1929) ; San Javier, 2 (April 11, 24, 1929); Saric, 8 (May 9 to 25; August 16 to 26, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 2 (April 17, 28, 1930). Wilsonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway WiUonia pusilla chryseola Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 2, 1902, 714 (Red BluflF, California). Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 5 (March 15 to 29, 1929) ; San Javier, 4 (April 5 to 24, 1929) ; Saric, 4 (August 21 to 25; September 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (November 30, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 2, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (April 16, 1930). Myioborus miniatus miniatus (Swainson) Setophagd miniata Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 368 (Valladolid, Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Chinobampo, 1 (February 12, 1930). Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus) Motacilla ruticilla Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed 10, 1, 1758, 186 (Virginia). Dickey collection. — Tobari Bay, 1 (April 27, 1930). An adult male of this species was also seen at Tobari Bay on April 26. Euthlypis lachrymosa tephra Ridgway Euthlypis lachrymosa tephra Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 2, 1902, 738 (Hacienda de San Rafael, Chihuahua) . Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 1 (May 4, 1930) . I am very much inclined to consider tephra a synonym of lachrymosa for, as in the cases of several other species taken by Frazer and Gaboon in the '80's, fade appears to be responsible, in part at least, for the supposed characters. Two recently taken skins of tephra (one from Sonora, the other from Nayarit) are absolutely indistinguishable in color from lachrymosa, while six of Frazar's skins taken in 1888 are faded out and are typical tephra. The plumage of this species is subject to relatively rapid post-mortem color change, a fact which Mr. Dickey and the writer did not appreciate when they described Euthlypis lachrymosa schistacea from El Salvador (Condor, 28, 1926, 270). We, at that time, compared our fresh skins with relatively old ones of lachrymosa, which had already VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 287 become slightly paler and browner. However, schistacea appears to be a perfectly good race on account of its large and heavy bill as compared with both lachrymosa and tephra, a character which we failed to notice at the time it was described. While I do not feel justified in listing tephra as a synonym of lachrymosa on the basis of two specimens there is little doubt that such will be its ultimate disposition. Basileuterus rufifrons caudatus Nelson Basileuterus rujijrons caudatus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, May 29, 1899, 29 (Alamos, Sonora) . Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 2 (April 23, 24, 1930). Passer domesticus domesticus (Linnaeus) [Frmgilla]doj7iestica Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 183 (Europe). Dickey collection.— Saric, 1 (May 11, 1929). The English Sparrow has become firmly established in Guaymas and was numerous there in April and May, 1930. The path of ingress has most likely been along the railroad running southward from Nogales. Sturnella neglecta Audubon Sturnella neglecta Audubon, Birds. Am., oct. ed., 7, 1844, 339, pi. 489 (Old Fort Union, North Dakota). Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 9 (January 21 to 30, 1929) ; Pesqueira, 1 (February 24, 1929); Teconpa, 1 (March 14, 1929); Tesia, 4 (December 15, 1929; March 17, 1930). Bancroft collection. — 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 3 (February 25, 1929) ; 15 mi. E. of Nogales, 2 (February 17, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 2 (January 13, 1928). All of the above specimens are typical of neglecta except for the nine from El Doctor in the Colorado River Delta. These latter birds are included under the name neglecta only tentatively and until breeding birds from that region become available for study. Their peculiarity lies not so much in the length of the bills as in the odd shape, for these are depressed or flattened for the terminal fourtk or more into almost paper thin and very flexible spatulae. Furthermore in actual length of bill these birds exceed the maximum recorded by Ridgway (Birds. No. and Mid. Amer., pt. 2, 1902, 365). The three males of the series measure 36.7, 38.0, and 38.8 taken (as in Ridgway) from the base of the culmen. In the San 288 San Diego Society of Natural History Diego Society of Natural History collection are two birds, known to be a breeding pair, which were taken near Bard, Imperial County, California, on March 28, 1930. The bills of these birds show the same extreme attenuation as do the El Doctor specimens (the male has a culmen of 39.0 mm.), but the bills are entirely normal in shape. There are several winter taken specimens from Imperial County, California, in the Dickey collection which are normal neglecta. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonaparte) Icterus xanthocephalus Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 5, 1826, 223 (near Omaha, Nebraska) . Dickey collection. — Obregon, 3 (November 1, 21, 1929). Agelaius phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway Agelatus phoeniceus sonoriensis Ridgway, Man. N. A. Birds, 1887, 370 (Camp Grant, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 2 (March 30, 31, 1929); Obreg6n, 4 (November 18 to 21, 1929) ; Tesia, 13 (December 19 to 22, 1929; March 24 to April 5, 1930). The red-winged blackbird population of southern Sonora evidently centers in the lower Yaqui and Mayo River valleys and although I suspect them to be resident there, there is no certainty that this is the case. At any rate, there are no slightest differences evident between this series of 19 specimens and a much larger one from the far distant Colorado River colony. There are no positive records for sonoriensis from anywhere in the northern part of the state, all of the "Sonora" records from that section proving to be from Chihuahua localities. Icterus wagleri castaneopectus Brewster Icterus wagleri castaneopectus Brewster, Auk, 5, 1888, 91 (Oposura, Sonora). Dickey collection.— San Javier, 3 (April 16, 17, 21, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (February 12, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 12 (April 20 to May 26, 1930). Bancroft collection.— Agiabampo, 2 (June 9, 1930). In addition to the skins above listed, I have examined the series in the Brewster collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology and am convinced that castaneopectus is a perfectly valid race. There appears to be no sharp division, the characters of castaneopectus (chestnut breast- band and slightly larger size) being gradually assumed toward the northern portions of the range. However, specimens from the extremes VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 289 of the range of the species are sufficiently distinct to make the recognition of tv/o forms desirable. Icterus cucullatus nelsoni Ridgway Icterus cucullatus nclsoni Rzdgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, 1885, 19 (Tucson, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— San Javier, 4 (April 8 to 21, 1929) ; Saric, 9 (May 10 to August 16, 1929) ; Tesia, 6 (November 29, 1929; March 17 to 25, 1930); Chinobampo, 2 (February 15, 21, 1930); Guirocoba, 3 (April 17 to May 20, 1930) ; Guaymas, 3 (May 3, 1930) ; San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 7, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 1 (June 22, 1928) ; 6 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1 (June 15, 1928) ; Tobari Bay, 1 (April 27, 1930) ; Agiabampo, 2 (June 9, 1930). The winter range of the Arizona Hooded Oriole apparently does not extend north of the lower Mayo River Valley. Icterus pustulatus (Wagler) Ps[arocolms] pustulatus Wagler, Isis, 22, 1829, 757 (No locality). Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 3 (March 12, 15, 28, 1929) ; San Javier, 2 (April 7, 16, 1929) ; Tesia, 16 (December 10, 1929 to March 25, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 6 (February 18 to March 2, 1930) ; San Jose de Guaymas, 5 (May 7, 8, 1930) ; Guircoba, 3 (April 16 to May 16, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 2 (June 24, 1928). Icterus bullockii bullockii (Swainson) Xanthornus bullockii Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 436 (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— San Javier, 3 (April 13, 15, 20, 1929); Saric, 13 (July 12 to September 8, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (March 19, 1930) ; Guay- mas, 1 (April 24, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 5 (April 19 to May 12, 1930). Although breeding at Saric, all of the other records probably pertain to migrants. Cassidix mexicanus nelsoni (Ridgway) Scaphidurus major nelsoni Ridgway, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 3, April 15, 1901, 151 (Alamos, Sonora) . Dickey collection.— Obregon, 1; Tesia, 5; San Jose de Guaymas, 2; Tobari Bay, 3; Guirocoba, 1. Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 1; 6 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1. 290 San Diego Society of Natural History Euphagus cyanocephalus cyanocephalus (Wagler) Psarocolius cyanocephalus Wagler, Isis, 22, 1829, 758 (Mexico) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 1 (January 27, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 5 (March 9 to 21, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 19, 22, 1929) . Bancroft collection. — 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1 (February 25, 1928). Apparently a migrant and winter visitant only. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmelin) Stnrnus obscurus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, 2, 1789, 804 (Mexico). Dickey collection. — Saric, 14 (May 11 to August 18, 1929) ; Obregon, 2 (November 21, 23, 1929); Tesia, 10 (December 22 to 31, 1929; February 2, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 6 (May 3 to 28, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 3 (June 23, 28, 1928). Molothrus ater arteniisiae Grinnell Molothrus ater artemisiae Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pubs. ZooL, 5, 1909, 276 (Quinn River Crossing, Humboldt County, Nevada) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 1 (August 10, 1929). Tangavius aeneus aeneus (Wagler) Psarocolius aeneus Wagler, Isis, 22, 1829, 758 (Mexico). Dickey collection.— Saric, 18 (May 11 to August 10, 1929) ; Obregon, 4 (October 31 to November 21, 1929); Tesia, 1 (December 25, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 8 (May 1 to 22, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 1 (June 28, 1928) ; El Alamo, 2 (July 3, 1928). Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson) Tanagra ludoviciana Wilson, Am. Orn., 3, 1811, 27, pi. 20, fig. 1 (Western Idaho) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 19 (May 15 to September 24, 1929) ; San Jose de Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 7 (April 18 to May 15, 1930). Present throughout the sumer at Saric and presumably breeding there. Piranga flava oreophasma Oberholser Piranga hepatica oreophasma Oberholser, Auk, 36, 1919, 74 (Chisos Mts., Texas) . Dickey collection.— San Javier, 2 (April 7, 9, 1929) ; Saric, 1 (May 12, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 4 (February 8 to March 9, 1930). VAN ROSSEM — SONORA LaND BiRDS 291 I am unable to follow Zimmer's proposal to synonymize oreo- phasma with hepatica. While there is no doubt that the range of oreophasma as outlined by the original describer took in too much territory southerly (see Zimmer, Field Mus. Zool. Sen, 17, no. 5, 1922) that does not invalidate the name for extreme northwestern birds. It is unfortunate that the type of oreophasma was not chosen from Arizona or northern Sonora, for the extreme accentuation of characters is manifested there. Atlantic slope specimens, from even as far west as Chloride, New Mexico (Dickey collection) are more or less intermediate toward hepatica. How far south the breeding range of oreophasma extends I am not prepared to say. However, a pair of breeding (June) birds from as far north on the Pacific coast as Tepic, Nayarit (Dickey collection) are typical hepatica in all particulars. Piranga rubra cooperi Ridgway Pyranga cooperi Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, 130 (Los Pinos, New Mexico) . Dickey's collection. — Saric, 21 (May 9 to August 31, 1929) ; Guirocoba, 4 (May 5 to 12, 1930). Cooper's Tanager appears to be present only as a summer visitant. This race in all probability occurs in the Lower Sonoran Zone in the Colorado River Delta, for it has been taken in summer on the Lower California side. However, actual Sonora specimens from that region seem to be lacking. Three of the above specimens, two red males and a female, are by no means typical cooperi. They are very small and have short, slender bills which are smaller even than those of eastern rubra. The color is that of cooperi. They were taken at Saric on May 9,11 and 23 respectively. Richmondena cardinalis superba (Ridgway) Cardiiialis cardinalis superbus Ridgway, Auk, 2, 1885, 344 (Camp Lowell, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 9; Pesqueira, 1. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 2. Bancroft collection. — El Alamo, 1; 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 2. Richmondena cardinalis affinis (Nelson) Cardinalis cardinalis affinis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, May 29, 1899, 28 (Alamos, Sonora) . 292 San Diego Society of Natural History Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 5; San Javier, 5; Obregon, 3; Tesia, 3; Chinobampo, 6; Guirocoba, 3; Guaymas, 3; Tobari Bay, 2. Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 1; Kino Bay, 1. Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata (Bonaparte) Cardinalis sinuatus Bonaparte, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837 (June 1838), 111 ("Western parts of Mexico" [ =Zacatecas] ) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 8; San Javier, 1; Saric, 1; Tesia, 13; Chinobampo, 3; Guaymas, 2; Tobari Bay, 1; Guirocoba, 1. Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 5. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Sasabe, 2. I can appreciate no differences between the above series and an equally comprehensive one from Arizona. Zamelodia melanocephala melanocephala (Swainson) Guiraca melanocephala Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 438 (Temas- cal tepee, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 3 (March 4 to 18, 1929) ; San Javier, 9 (April 3 to 24, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 5 (February 12 to March 9, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 3 (April 20 to May 2, 1930) . Although two races of the black-headed grosbeak have long been recognized there is unfortunately no unanimity when it comes to the application of names to represent them. In the present case I follow the majority in using the name melanocephala for the larger, heavy-billed form, a course which the examination of a liinited amount of Mexican material indicates is the proper one. Although there is every probability that the Rocky Mountain Black- headed Grosbeak breeds in the mountainous districts, the collector of the above series (J. T. Wright) assures me positively that even the specimen taken at Guirocoba as late as May 2, was a migrant. Zamelodia melanocephala maculata (Audubon) Fnngtlla maculata Audubon, Birds Amer., folio, 4, 1837, pi. 373, figs. 2, 3, 4 (Columbia River, Oregon) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 13 (May 11 to August 13, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 1 (March 9, 1929); San Javier, 4 (April 5 to 24, 1929); Tesia, 1 (December 17, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 3, 1930) ; Guaymas, 1 (May 8, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (April 18, 1930) . The Saric series is, as a whole, certainly referable to the small-billed VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 293 form, although two of the females are, individually, closer to melanoce- phala. Only those from Saric are breeding birds, the rest being migrants. Even that taken (personally) at Guaymas on May 8, showed no signs of breeding activity. I use the name maculata for the small-billed race since Oberholser (Auk, 36, 1919, 410) has called attention to the fact that it has the identical application of capitalis and has many years priority. Further- more Dr. Richmond writes me that Fringilla maculata is properly proposed and is not preoccupied so far as he can determine. Pheuticus chrysopeplus (Vigors) Cocothraustes chrysopeplus Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832, 4 (Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Guirocoba, 3 (May 20, 23, 1930). Guiraca caerulea interfusa Dwight and Griscom Guiraca caerulea interfusa Dwight and Griscom, Am. Mus. Novit., no. 257, March 14, 1927, 4 (Fort Lowell, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 21 (May 25 to September 24, 1929); Guiro- coba, 2 (April 15; May 5, 1930). Bancroft collection. — El Alamo, 1 (June 1, 1928). A common breeder over the northern part of the state. While one of the Guirocoba (April 15, $ ) specimens is good interfusa the same cannot be said of the other (May 5, c? ) . The latter, which I suspect may represent the breeding race of southern Sonora, has an extremely heavy, stubby bill, differently shaped than that of any other blue grosbeak I have ever seen. Guiraca caerulea salicaria Grinnell Guiraca caerulea salicarius Grinnell, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, 1911, 163 (Santa Ana River, near Colton, California) . Dickey collection. — Obregon, 1 (November 19, 1929) ; Tesia, 6 (Decem- ber 11, 13, 1929; March 17, 1930). The Pacific race of the blue grosbeak is apparently a fairly common mid-winter visitant to the lowlands in the southern part of the state, remaining in spring as late as March 17. Passerina versicolor pulchra Ridgway Passerina versicolor pulchra Ridgway, Man. No. Amer. Birds, 1887, 448 (Mira- flores. Lower California) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 6 (June 4 to 27, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (November 294 San Diego Society of Natural History 29; December 28, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 13 (February 10 to March 9, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 10 (April 15 to May 21, 1930). The intermediate character of western Mexican specimens has been mentioned by Ridgway (Birds No. and Mid. Amer., pt. 1, 1901, 592, footnote) and Brewster (Birds of the Cape Region, 1902, 160). I assume that in the former case the author refers in part at least, to Sonora taken birds, although that state is not specifically mentioned. In the series of 14 adult males from various points in Sonora which have been examined in the present connection, only one exhibits the characters of versicolor. Most of the rest are not distinguishable from pulchra, although a few are variously intermediate. The 17 females and first winter males are yery much more buffy than those of typical versicolor in comparable plumage. Brewster (ibid.) states that typical pulchra is even grayer than versicolor. Therefore, it is not impossible that a demonstrable race exists in northwestern Mexico, the distinguishing characters of which are to be found in the females and young. Passer ina amoena (Say) Emberiza amoena Say, in Long's Exped., 2, 1823, 47, note (Near Canon City, Colorado) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 3 (March 3, 25, 1929) ; San Javier, 6 (April 10 to 25, 1929); Saric, 8 (August 23, 31; September 18, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (December 16, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (February 11, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 3 (April 16 to May 7, 1930). While the series of 22 speciinens shows the Lazuli Bunting to be present throughout the year, it does not establish the southern limits of the breeding range. Saric birds were breeding, as shown by the presence of juveniles, but the other records are evidently those of winter visitants or migrants. One of the adult females exhibits a peculiar condition of plumage, the throat being salmon pink instead of buffy. Carpodacus mexicanus sonoriensis Ridgway Carpodacus mexicanus sonoriensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 50, pt. 1, 1901, 135 (Alamos, Sonora) . Dickey collection. — Pesqueira, 1; Tecoripa, 5; San Javier, 2; Obregon, 13; Tesia, 11; Chinobampo, 3; Guaymas, 4; San Jose de Guaymas, 1 ; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 1; Tobari Bay 1, VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 295 Bancroft collection. — Guaymas, 2; Cajeme, [=Obreg6n] 1; Agia- bampo, 1. The race sonoriensis is very close to ruberrimus, but should, I think, be recognized. Although about intermediate in size between ruberrimus and frontalis this condition is obviously not because of intergradation. Males from southern Sonora average more extensively red and both sexes are slightly darker than ruberrirtms when birds of the same season are compared. Birds from Guaymas and northward are variously intermediate toward frontalis. Although no type nor type locality was mentioned in the original description, I am indebted to Dr. Richmond for the information that the type is an adult male. No. 164,324 of the Biological Survey collection, and that it was collected at Alamos, Sonora, by E, A. Goldman on December 30, 1898. Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Say) Fringilla frontalis Say, in Long's Exped., 2, 1823, 40, note (Near Pueblo, Colorado) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 5 (January 27; February 5, 27, 1929); Saric, 19 (May 9 to September 20, 1929) ; Obregon, 4 (November 9, 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (November 30; December 4, 1929) ; Chino- bampo, 2 (February 19, 1930); Magdalena, 1 (April 25, 1925); San Pedro Martir Island, 2 (April 18, 1925) ; San Esteban Island, 3 (April 17, 18, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 2 (February 25, 1929) ; Tiburon Island, 6 (May 22, 1930) . Although as a breeder the common linnet is confined to the northern portion of the state, there is a certain amount of southerly dispersal over the range of sonoriensis in mid-winter as shown by the eight specimens taken at Obregon, Tesia and Chinobampo between the dates of November 9 and February 19. Spinus pinus macropterus (Bonaparte) C. [hrysomitris] macroptera Bonaparte, Consp. Av., 1, 1850, 515 (Guatemala; Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 11 (May 15, 1929). Inland, as on the Pacific Coast, the dividing line between pinus and macropterus must be arbitrarily drawn. The Saric birds average slightly larger than specimens from north of the United States-Mexican Boundary 296 San Diego Society of Natural History and are more narrowly streaked both above and below. The seven males average: Wing, 75.0; Tail, 46.0. Spinus psaltria hesperophilus (Oberholser) Astragalinus psaltria hesperophilus Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 16, Sep- tember 30, 1903, 116 (San Bernardino, California). Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 5 (February 1 to 5, 1929) ; Pesqueira, 1 (February 23, 1929) ; San Javier, 3 (April 6 to 11, 1929) ; Saric, 26 (May 9 to September 12, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 2 (March 1,3, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 2 (May 17, 1930). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). There are no males in the collection from any locality south of San Javier. The Guirocoba and Chinobampo records, all of which are females, may therefore really pertain to "mexicanus" [i.e. psaltria] . Spinus lawrencei (Cassin) CardueUs lawrencei Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, 105, pi. 5 (Sonoma and San Diego, California) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 8 (March 12 to 20, 1929). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1 (February 25, 1929). Oberholseria chlorura (Audubon) Fnngilla chlorura Audubon, Orn. Biog., 5, 1839, 336 (Near Ross Creek, about 20 miles southwest of Blackfoot, Idaho) . Dickey collection.— Pesqueira, 2 (February 24, 1929); Tecoripa, 2 (March 7, 23, 1929) ; Saric, 1 (May 8, 1929) ; Obregon, 1 (Novem- ber 18, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (December 4, 30, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 1, 1930). Also seen at Guaymas (April 24, 1930). Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarth Pipilo maculatus montanus Swarth, Condor, 7, 1905, 172 (Huachuca Mts., Arizona) . Bancroft collection.— 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 2 (February 17, 1929). Pipilo fuscus intermedius Nelson Pipilo fuscus intermedius Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 13, May 29, 1899, 27 (Alamos, Sonora, Mexico). Dickey collection.— Pesqueira, 2; Tecoripa, 1; San Javier, 2; Tesia, 1; Chinobampo, 2; Guirocoba, 1. Bancroft collection. — Agiabampo, 1. VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 297 Two specimens from Pesqueira are intermediate toward mesoleucus. They possess the dark, grayish dorsal coloration of intermedius, but the crowns are rufescent as in mesoleucus. Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus Baird Pipilo mesoleucus Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, 1854, 119 (Bill Wil- liams Fork [ —Big Sandy, just S. of Latitude 35°] Arizona). Dickey collection. — Saric, 7. Bancroft coUection.^ — El Alamo, 1. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 3; Altar, 1; Caborca, 1. Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger Calamospiza melanocorys Stejneger, Auk, 2, 1885, 49 (Plains of the Platte River) . Dickey collection. — Obregon, 3 (November 3 to 23, 1929) ; Tesia, 1 (March 15, 1930). Passerculus sandwichensis anthinus Bonaparte' Passerculus anthinus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., 37, December, 1853, 919 (Kadiak, Alaska). Dickey collection. — Tesia, 1 (February 4, 1930). For the use of the name anthinus for the savannah sparrow of the Pacific northwest, see Swarth, Birds. Brit. Columbia, 1925, 91. 1 While this report was in press there has been received Dr. H. C. Oberholser's "Notes on a Collection of Birds from Arizona and New Mexico" issued December 31, 1930, by the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. It is regrettable that this publication was not available at the time the present paper was submitted, so that certain of Dr. Oberholser's nomenclatural findings could have been utilized herein. In the matter of Dr. Oberholser's treatment of the races of Passerculus sandwichensis, however, such name changing as is involved in the case of nevadensis seems to me to be wholly unwarranted. While Bonaparte's description of alaudinus is vague in the definition of essential characters, this very vagueness eliminates any necessity for a switching of names. "Griseo, albo, et rufo-olivascente varius" does not "very clearly refer to the paler, more grayish interior race subsequently described as Passerculus sandwichen- sis nevadensis." Neither does the phrase "sans jaune aux sourcils" mean anything unless one knows the time of the year at which Bonaparte's type of alaudinus was collected. Under these circumstances I cannot see any advantage in adopting the proposed transfer of a long- established name with the consequent confusion of literature. Neither can I subscribe to the "lumping" of the savannah sparrows of the northwest coast and of the interior. If the coastal race {anthinus) is to be merged with any other it must be with savanna, but certainly not with alaudinus, using the latter name in the sense employed by Swarth and authors in general. 298 San Diego Society of Natural History Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis Grinnell Passerculus sandwichensis nevadensis Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pubs. Zool., 5, no. 1, February 21, 1910, 312 (Soldier Meadows, Humboldt County, Nevada). Dickey collection. — Tesia, 4 (December 9, 1929; February 4 to March 24, 1930). Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus Bonaparte Passerculus alaudinus Bonaparte, Compt. Rend., 37, 1853, 918 (California). Dickey collection. — Tesia, 3 (February 4; March 28, 1930). Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus (Cassin) Emberiza rostrate Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1852, 184 (San Diego, California) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 13 (January 21 to February 1, 1929); Mouth of Colorado River, 3 (April 23, 1925). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Port Lobos, 1 (August 20, 1884). Passerculus sandwichensis atratus van Rossem Passerculus sandwichensis atratus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 6, November 28, 1930, 218 (Tobari Bay, Sonora, Mexico). Dickey collection. — Tobari Bay, 14 (April 30 to May 1, 1930) ; Guasi- mas Lagoon, 3 (May 12, 1930). Bancroft collection. — Kino Bay, 2 (May, 1930) ; Mainland opposite north end of Tiburon Island, 2 (May, 1930). Ammodramus savannaruni bimaculatus Swainson Ammodramus bimaculatus Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 435 (Temascal tepee, Mexico) . Dickey collection.^ — Obregon, 1 (December 7, 1929) ; Tesia, 7 (Decem- ber 9, 27, 1929; March 14 to 27, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 1 (February 26, 1930); Guirocoba, 1 (April 17, 1930). Pooecetes gramineus confinis Baird [Poocaetes gramineus^ var. confinis Baird, Rep. Expl. 8i Surv. R. R. Pac, 9, 1858, 448, in text (Loup Fork of Platte River, Nebraska) . Dickey collection. — Tecoripa, 1 (March 17, 1929) ; Obregon, 5 (Novem- ber 15 to 23, 1929); Tesia, 6 (December 4 to 20, 1929); Chino- bampo, 1 (March 5, 1930) ; Tesia, 2 (February 4; March 15, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 1 (April 16, 1930). VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 299 Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection.— Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 4 (January 13, 1928); San Luis, 1 (December 31, 1922). Chondestes grammacus strigatus Swainson Chondestes strigatus Swainson, Philos. Mag., new ser., 1, 1827, 435 (Temas- caltepec, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 2 (May 8; September 14, 1929) ; Obreg6n, 2 (November 11, 22, 1929); Tesia, 6 (November 29 to December 14, 1929; February 2; March 15, 1930); Guirocoba, 1 (May 2, 1930). San Diego Society of Natural History collection.— 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 2 (January 13, 1928). Aimophila carpalis (Coues) Peucaea carpalis Coues, Amer. Nat., 7, June, 1873, 322, note (Tucson, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— Pesqueira, 2 (February 21, 27, 1929) ; Teconpa, 11 (March 4 to 26, 1929) ; San Javier, 4 (April 4 to 6, 1929) ; Saric, 7 (July 21 to September 21, 1929) ; Obreg6n, 1 (November 2, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 14, 15, 1929; March 17, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 6, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 4 (May 6 to 23, 1930) ; 10 mi. N. of Guaymas, 2 (May 9, 1930) ; Guaymas, 1 (May 9, 1930). Bancroft collection.— El Alamo, 1 ; Cajeme [= Obregon] 1, Guaymas, 1. San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — "Between Sasabe and Altar," 1 (August 12, 1884). A common, locally abundant resident, which is more numerous in the Alamos District than northerly. The associations most favored by carpalis are choUa cactus and mesquite, but it was found about Guaymas in almost every conceivable environment, including truck gardens. Such ready adaptation makes its disappearance from Arizona, which Swarth (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th ser., 18, 328) attributes to over-grazing of the grasslands, difficult to explain. Aimophila ruficeps scottii (Sennett) Peucaea ruftceps scottii Sennett, Auk, 5, 1888, 42 (Pinal County, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 1 (June 26, 1929). 300 San Diego Society of Natural History Aimophila quinquestriata (Sclater and Salvin) Zonotrichia quinquestriata Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, 323 (Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Guirocoba, 3 (April 24 to May 23, 1930), Aimophila cassinii (Woodhouse) Zonotrichia cassinii Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, April, 1852, 60 (San Antonio, Texas) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 2 (September 21, 1929); Tesia, 1 (March 26, 1930). Aimophila botterii botterii (Sclater) Zo7iotrichia botterii Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1857 [1858], 214 (Orizaba, Vera Cruz) . Dickey collection. — Guirocoba, 2 (May 8, 16, 1930), As Mr. Ridgway has pointed out, there is nothing to be gained in attempting to force "Peucaea" into a genus distinct from Aimophila, unless one cares to split Aimophila into five groups. The ''Pencaea" series is surely afforded ample recognition by according it sub-generic rank. Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway Amphispiza bilineata deserticola Ridgway, Auk, 15, 1898, 229 (Tucson, Arizona) . Dickey collection. — Saric, 3 (July 7 to August 8, 1929). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W, of Magdalena, 1 (February 25, 1929), Amphispiza bilineata pacifica Nelson Amphispiza bilineata pacifica Nelson, Auk, 17, 1900, 267 (Alamos, Sonora, Mexico) . Dickey collection. — Guaymas, 2 (April 24, 1930). Bancroft collection. — 6 mi. N. of Guaymas, 5 (July, 1928). Amphispiza bilineata cana van Rossem Amphispiza bilineata cana van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, no. 14, November 28, 1930, 223 (San Esteban Island, Sonora, Mexico) . Dickey collection.— San Esteban Island, 4 (April 17 to 19, 1930), Bancroft collection.— San Esteban Island, 5 (April 17 to 19, 1930). Amphispiza belli nevadensis (Ridgway) Poospiza bellii, var. nevadensis Ridgway, Bull. Essex Inst., 5, November, 1873, 191, 198 (West Humboldt Mts., Nevada). Dickey collection, — El Doctor, 1 (January 22, 1929). VAN ROSSEM — SONORA LaND BiRDS 301 Junco oreganus shufeldti Coale Junco hyemalis shufeldti Coale, Auk, 4, 1887, 330 (Fort Wingate, New Mexico) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 1 (May 12, 1929). Bancroft collection. — 15 mi. S. of Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). Junco mearnsi Ridgway Jitnco mearnsi Ridgway, Auk, 14, January 1897, 94 (Fort Bridger, Wyoming). Dickey collection. — Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — 15 mi. S. W. of Nogales, 1 (January 13, 1928). Junco caniceps (Woodhouse) Struthus caniceps Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, 1853, 202 (San Francisco Mt., Arizona). Dickey collection. — Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929). Spizella pallida (Swainson) Emberiza pallida Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., 2, 1831 [1832], 251 (Carlton House, Saskatchewan) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 1 (September 15, 1929) ; Obregon, 6 (Novem- ber 3 to 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 10 (November 29 to December 23, 1929; March 21, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 3, 1930) ; Guirocoba, 2 (April 15, 17, 1930). Spizella breweri Cassin Spizella brewen Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 40 ("Black Hills," a few miles west of Fort Laramie, Wyoming) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 2 (March 8, 17, 1929); Obregon, 2 (October 31; November 18, 1929); Tesia, 4 (November 29; De- cember 12, 20, 1929) ; Guaymas, 1 (April 22, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1 (February 25, 1929). San Diego Society of Natural History collection. — Sasabe Valley, near International Boundary, 1 (January 13, 1928). Spizella passerina arizonae Coues Spizella socialis var. arizonae Coues, Key No. Amer. Birds, 1872, 143 (Fort Whipple, Arizona) . Dickey collection.— Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929); Tecoripa, 5 (March 8 to 30, 1929) ; San Javier, 6 (April 8 to 18, 1929) ; Tesia, 302 San Diego Society of Natural History 2 (November 30, 1929; March 15, 1930) ; Saric, 1 (September 16, 1929) ; Chinobampo, 2 (February 22; March 6, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 3 (February 25, 1929). Zonotrichia leucophrys (Forster) Emberiza leucophrys Forster, Philos. Trans., 62, 1772, 426 (Severn River, west shore of Hudson Bay) . Dickey collection.— El Doctor, 2 (January 27, 1929); Tecoripa, 5 (March 1 to 17, 1929) ; Obreg6n, 3 (November 3 to 18, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 9, 21, 1929; March 21, 1930); Chinobampo, 1 (March 5, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1 (February 25, 1929). Zonotrichia gambelii gambelii (Nuttall) Fnngilla gambelii Nuttall, Man. Orn., ed. 2, 1, 1840, 556 (Near Fort Walla Walla, Washington) . Dickey collection. — El Doctor, 3 (January 21; February 1, 1929) ; Pes- queira, 6 (February 21, 25, 26, 27, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 2 (March 4, 31, 1929) ; San Javier, 1 (April 18, 1929) ; Obregon, 6 (October 31 to November 22, 1929) ; Tesia, 2 (December 4, 27, 1929). Gambel's Sparrow is an abundant winter visitant to the lowlands throughout the state. The earliest date of arrival is October 13, and the latest spring dates are April 22 and 24, when numbers were seen about Guaymas. Melospiza melodia saltonis Grinnell Melospiza melodia saltonis Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pubs. Zool., 5, no. 3, 1909, 268 (Salton Sea, 1 mi. S. E. of Mecca, Riverside County, California) . Dickey collection.— Saric, 3 (June 3 to 14, 1929) ; Magdalena, 2 (May 11, 1925). The three Saric and the two Magdalena specimens are darker and grayer than the average of typical saltonis. In other words, I perceive much the same differences as Swarth (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 4th ser., 18, 1929, 328) has noted as between Colorado River specimens and breeding birds from near Patagonia and Fairbank in southeastern Arizona. However, I do not deem it practicable to propose formal recognition of these differ- ences, for the dark extremes of topo-typical saltonis cannot be distinguished from the average of the northern Sonora birds. Moreover a specimen (May 7, 1892) from Hermosillo in the collection of the Biological Survey is as pale as all but the very palest Colorado River VAN RossEM — SoNORA Land Birds 303 saltonis. It is of interest to observe that this incipient race of song sparrows occupies an area ahnost identical with that inhabited by Geothlypis trichas cbryseold. Melospiza lincolnii Hncolnii (Audubon) Fringilla lincolnii Audubon, Birds Amer., (folio), 2, 1834, pi. 193 (Near mouth of Natashquan River, Quebec) . Dickey collection— El Doctor, 1 (February 10, 1929); Nogales, 1 (February 17, 1929) ; Tecoripa, 2 (March 7, 27, 1929) ; Obregon, 1 (November 23, 1929) ; Tesia, 3 (December 7, 1929; February 4; March 24, 1930) ; Chinobampo, 1 (March 3, 1930). Bancroft collection.— 12 mi. W. of Magdalena, 1 (February 25, 1929). Melospiza lincolnii gracilis (Kittlitz,) Emberiza (lonotrichia) gracilis Kittlitz, Denkw., 1, 1858, 199, in text (Sitka, Alaska) . Dickey collection.— Tecoripa, 1 (March 3, 1929); George Island, 1 (April 20, 1925). TRANSACTIONS— (Continued) Vol. V, No. 3, March 15, 1927. Pp. 41-44 _ 1 J cents Two New Geometridae from San Diego County, California by William S. Wright Vol. V, No. 4, March 15, 1927. Pp. 45-64, plates 4-6 „ JO cents Foraminifera from the Eocene near San Diego, California „ by Joseph A. Cushman and Marcus A. Hanna Vol. V, No. 5, July 6, 1927. Pp. 65-68 15 cents A New Kangaroo Rat and a New Brush Rabbit from Lower California, Mexico by Laurence M. 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Pp. 263-282, plates 32-33, figs. 1-9 50 cents Loliolopsis Chirortes, a New Genus and Species of Squid from the Gulf of California. _ _...by S. Stillman Berry Vol. V, No. 19, December 10, 1929. Pp. 283-286 _ 15 cents A New Pacific Race of Gull-Billed Tern _ by Griffing Bancroft Vol. V, No. 20, December 31, 1929. Pp. 287-296, plate 34 25 cents Fossil Diatoms Dredged from Bering Sea by G. Dallas Hanna Vol. VI, No. 1, February 28, 1930. Pp. 1-40 40 cents An Annotated List of the Butterflies of San Diego County, California by William S. Wright Vol. VI, No. 2, February 28, 1930. Pp. 41-94, plates 1-8, chart 60 cents Tertiary Foraminifera From Humboldt County, California. A Preliminary Survey of the Fauna by Joseph A. Cushman and Roscoe E. and Katherine C. Stewart TRANSACTIONS— (Continued) Vol. VI, No. 3, February 28, 1930. Pp. 95-144, plates 9-12, map 50 cents New and Renamed Subspecies of Crotalus Confluentus Say, With Remarks on Related Species by Laurence M. 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Not available California Mammals, by Frank Stephens, illustrated by W. J. Fenn. Pp. 1-351. (Privately published. 1906) $3.50 a-^^'i'^ TRANSACTIONS OF THE SAN DIEGO SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume VI, No. 20, pp. 305-318, plate 21, map A NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE CALIFORNIA BOA, WITH NOTES ON THE GENUS LICHANURA BY Laurence M. Klauber Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians, San Diego Society of Natural History SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA Printed for the Society April 30, 1931 L \ \^^ \^ Ne VA DA \, 1 ] ^ ■ ■ \ 1 O ^> ^ o o X ^-Vo°o 00 p oo \°oOo V§o°o8°o°° fe^°o \o^o5o / ^ ( > • ■ v ■ UJ Z y ^ I f V ^- ^'*^o o \ O "^ \o -i ^ ^^ ''^■^#^c^. \~- \ ' ■ V ^ \ :P V C. -n \ \ < o o \ \ N' \-\ '' /< m \ \ \ fi\ O ) ^ > ^ \ ) \ ^ V -P - •2. > / T 1 T* \ /^ O I ^ J r- V y c u 1 \^ --V < \ ^ ^ ^ \ 1 \ \ o \ \ N 11 > v^ ^ \ TO ) \ \ \ "Z^ V ) "VA 1 '^ \ ^ \ V LOCALITY RECORDS Nw' \ MX V A-\ OF LICHANURA X^^o \ \y V ^N I y U^ L.trivirgata X X-p \ f \ L.r roseofusc o -z- \ k C'o L.rgracia ■ ( ^ \ V 2i SO 100 200 ^\ T VcN ^ SCALt or ^ ILES \ Y V V Note: The small sea e prevents \ ) showing all L r roseofusca records V ^ in San Diego County, v^ A NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE CALIFORNIA BOA, WITH NOTES ON THE GENUS LICHANURA BY Laurence M. Klauber Curator of Reptiles and Amphibians, San Diego Society of Natural History Van Denburgh in the "Reptiles of Western North America," 1922, Plate 58, pictures a boa from near Aguila, Maricopa County, Arizona. This strongly striped snake had long remained a puzzle to me, for out of more than two hundred and fifty specimens from southern California and northern Lower California, Mexico, I had never seen so definitely marked an individual. Additional material has lately become available which convinces me that there is a consistent difference between the typical form as it exists in the coastal area centering at San Diego, and the desert or desert mountain individuals from the Mohave Desert (California), western Arizona and north-central Lower California. This new form may be known as Lichanura roseofusca gracia subsp. no v. Desert Boa Plate 21, fig. 1. Type. — No. 2995 in the collection of L.M.K. Taken at Randsburg, Kern County, California, by Miss Lucile Rector, June, 1930. Diagnosis. — A subspecies of Lichanura roseofusca differing from the typical form in having three clearly and evenly outlined reddish stripes on a drab back- ground from nose to tip of tail. In roseofusca roseofusca the stripes, if present, are highly irregular in outline and in slight contrast with the ground color. L. trivirgata of the Cape region of Lower California has chocolate brown stripes, with a cream ground color, in even stronger contrast than gracia, and a lower ventral scale count as well. Additional specimens from central Lower California may eventually show both roseofusca and gracia to be subspecies of trivirgata, gracia being intermediate between the other two. Description of Type. — Young female. Length over all, 375 mm.; length of tail, 45 mm.; ratio of tail to total length, 0.12. The head is arrow-shaped, flat topped and covered with small scales which are smooth and irregularly disposed. The head dimensions are 18 mm. by 10-2 rnm. The rostral is high, prominent and recurved. The nasals are divided; the prenasals are large and meet on the median line. The supralabials are 15 — 15, 308 San Diego Society of Natural History the third being tallest. The infralabials are 17 — 17, the first pair meeting on the median line. The loreals are 3 — 2 with 3 subloreals on each side. The eye is surrounded by a ring of 9 scales on the right and 8 on the left. Two suboculars on each side are in contact with the supralabials. The scales of the body are smooth and in 43 rows. The ventrals number 232 and are narrow; the anal is entire; the caudals are in a single series of 42. The tail tip is blunt. The pattern consists of three longitudinal stripes, a dorsal and two side stripes, each five scales wide at mid-body and separated by four scale rows. These stripes extend from nose to tail; their color (in alcohol) is Prussian Red' and that of the interspaces Pallid Brownish Drab. The red was considerably brighter in life. The dorsal and side stripes are faintly edged with darker. The stripe boundaries, except on the head, adhere quite closely to the edge of a single scale row, thus achieving a serrated appearance. The ground color, low down on the sides, is lighter than between the three primary dark stripes and, except for the first three scale rows below the dark side stripes, is mottled irregularly with brown, as is also the ventral surface. The three main stripes are of irregular form on the head. The supralabials are almost immaculate; the underside of the head, including the lower labials, is sparsely spotted with brown. The pupil is vertical. The tongue is black with white tips. Range. — This subspecies is known to occur in the following localities: California Kern County San Bernardino County Randsburg (Type locality) Barstow Banks of the Mohave River, north of Victorville Providence Mountains Arizona Maricopa County Yuma County Phoenix Harquahala Mountains Aguila Harcuvar Mountains Gila Mountains Lower California, Mexico 6 mi. S. of Socorro (near Lat. 30°) The latter locality is only tentatively included. Thus the indicated range is the Mohave Desert in California and the mountains of southwestern Arizona, with a possible extension into north-central Lower California. The subspecies has not yet been taken in Riverside, Imperial or San Diego Counties in California, but may occur in the desert mountains, especially in the Chocolates and to the north- east of the Imperial-Coachella-Salton Basin. ' The colors are from Ridgway, 1912. Klauber — New California Boa 309 General Description and Remarks. — The following specimens of this subspecies have been examined: LMK 2995 Randsburg, Kern Co., Calif. (Type) CAS 35348 Aguila, Maricopa Co., Ariz. MVZ 10523 Barstow, San Bernardino Co., Calif. SDSNH 14202 Gila Mts., Yuma Co., Ariz. USNM 20643 Harquahala Mts., Ariz. USNM 20953 Harquahala Mts., Ariz. USNM 29698 Phoenix, Ariz. USNM 44317 Providence Mts., San Bernardino Co., Calif. USNM 60238 Harquahala Mts., Ariz. SDSNH 15511 6 mi. S. of Socorro, Lower California (tentative) Through the courtesy of Mr. Chas. M. Bogert, a photograph has been seen of a specimen, which is clearly of this form, from the Mohave River near Victorville. All specimens which have been available from the Mohave Desert, or Arizona, have fallen into this classification, based on pattern and color; and no specimen of the genus (out of over two hundred seen) from other areas, with the exception of SDSNH 15511, has answered to this descrip- tion. All available material therefore favors a valid geographical race. Statistical comparisons with L. trivirgata and L. roseofusca roseofusca are as follows : Trivirgata Gracia^ Roseofusca Number of Specimens 7 9^ 38 Scale rows, range 40—43 40—43^ 35—43 Scale rows, average ...'.... 41.4 41.3 40.9 Ventrals, range 218—227 220—236 221—244 Ventrals, average 222 230 232 Caudals, range 42-46 42-49 39-51 Caudals, average 44 46 47 Supralabials, range 12—13 13—15 12—15 Supralabials, average 12.8 14.1 14.1 Infralabials, range • 13—15 14—17 13—17 Infralabials, average 13.8 15.4 15.0 Oculars, range 9—11 8—11 7—10 Oculars, average 9.7 9.o v.l 2 Does noi include SDSNH 15511. 310 San Diego Society of Natural History It will be observed that trivirgata has a low average in ventrals, caudals and labials and therefore possesses real differences from the others in scutellation ; on the other hand gracia and roseofusca are virtually indistinguishable in scale counts. Priority of Names in the Genus Lichanura Lichanura is an exceedingly variable genus in both lepidosis and coloration and, as a result, a number of species have been proposed from time to time based on characteristics which have failed to prove consistent. The following notes will summarize the situation : Lichanura trivirgata Cope 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, p. 304. Type locality Cape San Lucas, Lower California. Valid. Lichanura roseofusca Cope 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 2. Type locality northern Lower California. Valid. Lichanura myriolepis Cope 1868, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, p. 2. Type locality northern Lower California. This species Cope seems to have differentiated from the preceding based on the large number of scale rows (45) and "three rusty red bands extending throughout the length, but very indistinct on the anterior half of the body." Stejneger^ examined the type specimens of roseofusca and myriolepis and found the scale rows of the latter to be 43, rather than 45 as reported by Cope. He noted the colors to be "not more distinctly marked than all the other specimens found to the north," that is the four speci- mens of roseofusca from San Diego County which were available to him in 1891. He therefore concluded that the species was invalid. I do not believe this form anticipates gracia, as the stripes are stated to be indistinct anteriorly, which is not the case in the new subspecies. Cope's type of myriolepis was a juvenile, and young specimens of roseofusca roseofusca frequently have rather distinct longi- tudinal stripes for at least part of the length, but their lateral edges are extremely irregular instead of even as in gracia. Had the type of myriolepis been as brighdy and distinctly marked as the specimens I have referred to gracia, Dr. Stejneger would not have observed it to be similar to the San Diego County specimens of roseofusca. The first gracia, an Arizona specimen, was not added to the National Museum collection until two years after the publication of his paper from which the above quotation is taken. Lichanura orcutti Stejneger 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 12, p. 96. Type locality Colorado Desert, San Diego Co., Calif. This species was differen- tiated from roseofusca by the low number of scale rows and true loreals. It has since been determined that the characters in the type of orcutti are well within the range of roseofusca. I have had specimens from the center of roseofusca territory with 35 scale rows and 2 loreals. The late C. R. Orcutt informed me that the type specimen of orcutti was collected east of Jacumba. I have secured 3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, p. 5 1 1. Klauber — Nfw California Boa 311 several specimens of roseofusca from this vicinity; these differed in no uniform character from others in the San Diegan area. Uchanura simplex Stejneger 1889, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 12, p. 97. Type locahty, San Diego, CaUf . This species was distinguished by the low number of oculars. With additional material available two years later, Stejneger himself decided (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 14, p. 511) that this species was invalid. Thus v^e find that none of these forms can anticipate gracia; they were taken in roseofusca roseofusca territory and fall within the range of character variations of that form. Only myriolepis is mentioned as having stripes and Stejneger's re -examination of the type and his compari- son with roseofusca roseofusca are conclusive on this point. Color Notes on Lichanura Tririrgata, as has been stated, has three primary stripes of dark chocolate brown on a light drab background. The central dark stripe varies from 3 to 5 scales in width at midbody and the side stripes from 4 to 6. The interspaces are from 3 to 4 scales wide, and may contain dark edged scales. The boundaries of the three primary dark stripes adhere closely to single scale rows, but have a way of splitting scales diagonally, resulting in a sharply serrated border. Below the dark side stripes the ground color of the sides, and the ventral surface are spotted with black. Roseofusca roseofusca is exceedingly variable in both color and pat- tern. Fundamentally, the pattern, particularly in the young, is reminiscent of the three primary dark stripes of tririrgata, from which, no doubt, it was originally derived, but these stripes are not strongly in evidence for two reasons : First, the ground and pattern colors in roseofusca roseofusca are less strongly contrasting, particularly in adult specimens, than in tririrgata; and secondly, the stripes, when present, have indefinite and irregular lateral borders, the interspaces between being more or less filled with scattered red brown scales. The colors of roseofusca roseofusca are primarily two, a red brown pattern color and a metallic blue-gray ground color, both of which vary rather widely in tone and hue. The pattern color varies from pink or salmon to a dull brown. The ground color is sometimes a bluish, sometimes a steel or leaden gray; it is lighter in young specimens and those from the desert edge. The pattern color may be relatively distinct in irregular streaks or patches, or it may blend with, or entirely obliterate, the ground color; thus the snake may appear unicolor, being either a dull red brown or gray brown. The smooth scales combined with the color produce, in life, a metallic effect. 312 San Diego Society of Natural History Thus, by these changing combinations of the two colors, and an obsolescent pattern, we have a high degree of variabiUty, but never amongst all the specimens of this form that I have seen, from the coastal foothills of the San Bernardino and San Jacinto ranges, and the desert fringes of the latter, have I observed a specimen of the gracia type, with even edged, regular and strongly contrasting stripes. It may be noted that, in roseofusca roseofusca, specimens will occasionally be found in which the lower edges of the side stripes are evenly and clearly defined, but this will not be the case with the upper edges of these stripes nor the borders of the dorsal stripe. Gracia is a snake having the pattern of trivirgata together with the pattern color and scale counts of roseofusca roseofusca. The ground color is lighter than roseofusca, although approached by desert edge specimens of the latter. The dorsal stripe is from 4 to 5 scales wide, the interspaces from 3"2 to 5 and the side stripes 4 or 5 wide. The lower edges of the side stripes may be uneven. The sides and the ventral surface are mottled with darker. Sometimes the mottling on the sides is sufficiently even to resemble additional pairs of stripes. The Arizona specimens are somewhat lighter in color than those from California. SDSNH 15511, from 6 mi. S. of Socorro, Lower California, is an unusual specimen. In ventral scale count it resembles trivirgata for the ventrals number 217; the labials are high, however, being 1^1 — 14, 16 — 16. The stripes are quite even; the interspaces between the red primary stripes are steel blue. Thus, this specimen has some of the characteristics of all three forms; superficially it more resembles gracia and is tentatively placed in that category. Additional specimens from this vicinity will be awaited with interest. Typical roseofusca roseofusca has been collected only 40 miles'* to the north of Socorro; the nearest triviragata thus far recorded is from La Paz, over 500 miles to the south, and between these two are territories of a character not likely to be inhabited by boas. Except for SDSNH 15511, of uncertain status, true intergrades 4 L. M. Huey informs me that a faunal break is to be expected in this short distance; it is evident in the mammals and birds, the species to the north being San Diegan while those to the south have affinities with Arizona or Lower California forms. The same break occurs amongst the gopher snakes {Pituophis catenifer annectens and Pituophis yertebrahs) and the rattlesnakes (Crotalus confluentus oreganus and Crotalus enyo) , the southern forms coming as far north as Catavina and El Marmol. Klauber — New California Boa 313 between roseofusca and gracia have not yet come to light. They are to be expected along the northern fringe of the San Bernardino Mountains in the vicinity of Hesperia and eastward. Specimens from the lower edges of the desert mountains in San Diego County, particularly in the vicinity of Yaqui Well and The Narrows, may be considered intergrades to the extent of having sharply contrasting colors, but the stripes show no ten- dency toward regularity or even borders. (Plate 21, fig. 2). Habits and Habitat Lichanura is the most peaceful snake with which I have had experi- ence. Freshly captured specimens seem to be without fear; they are never hurried in their movements nor attempt to bite. When hurt they assume the defensive by rolling into a ball. Of tririrgata I have seen no live specimen and of gracia only one (the type). But with roseofusca roseofusca I have had a considerable field and laboratory experience. While this subspecies seems to prefer the granite-chaparral association of the coast foothills in San Diego County, it ranges from the ocean shore to the lower fringe of the desert foothills, although probably absent from the intervening mountain peaks above the 4500 ft. contour. Although it is no doubt largely crepuscular or even nocturnal in habit, it is by no means unusual to find it abroad and active in the daytime, particularly in the spring. Some field notes follow : April 10, 1923: One was found crossing the road at 10 A. M.; chaparral on both sides. April 15, 1923 : A specimen was braced in a crack between granite boulders directly above, and evidently watching a wood rat's nest. May 25, 1924: Found a specimen in a crack in a granite boulder. March 22, 1925 : At 1 1 A. M. a large specimen was found climbing up the bank of a roadside. Chaparral on one side, rocks on the other. April 19, 1925: A large individual was located under a flat rock covering a small circular pocket in a large boulder. March 28, 1926: One was found with head and one third of the body under a flat rock, the rest of the body being in the open. April 11, 1926: Found one under a small flat rock. April 20, 1927: Located one in a crack in a granite boulder. Fished it out with difficulty. June 4, 1927: In the later afternoon a juvenile specimen was found cross- ing a paved road. Rocks and brush at the roadside. 314 San Diego Society of Natural History September 11, 1928: Noted a specimen from Tujunga Canyon, Los Angeles County, which was salmon (almost orange) in color. April 11, 1931: Saw a specimen from Box Springs Canyon, Riverside County, with irregular orange-yellow stripes. The late John Burnham, an amateur ornithologist, told me of finding one of these snakes stretched across a hillside trail. He prodded it with his foot, whereupon it gathered itself into a ball. The hillside being steep, it started to roll, and soon gathering momentum was lost to sight in the brush below. Specimens in captivity spend considerable time in the branches of any available bush. They do not seem to use constriction in killing their prey. Birds and mammals appear to be their favorite food, but they do not feed readily in captivity. The longest specimen I have seen measured slightly over three feet. The spurs at the vent are sometimes clearly in evidence but again are not apparent. The tail is often exceedingly blunt as if a portion had been lost, and the scale counts occasionally indicate this to be the case. In an eight year census, boas constituted 3.4 percent, of the snakes collected in San Diego County and ranked ninth in frequency out of the twenty-nine species to be found in the county. Lichanura seems to reach its maximum activity in June, when 31 percent, of the specimens were taken, having a somewhat later peak than most of the species. Forty percent, of the specimens were taken in the foothills, the inland valleys following with 35 percent. Amongst the specimens found dead in the road, crushed by automobiles, 36 percent, were juveniles. Ranges Trivirgata has been taken in the following localities : Cape San Lucas (Type locality). La Paz, Santa Anita, Todos Santos, Eureka, and San Jose del Cabo. All of these points are in the Cape region of Lower California. Roseofusca roseofusca has been collected at the following points : Lower California Garcia, Tecate, Lindero, Ensenada, Valle Redondo, 5 mi. S. of Tia Juana, Rancho Chichiuas (17 mi. N. of Ensenada) , and 5 mi. W. of San Jose (Lat.31°) . The last is the most southerly station. Imperial County 1 mi. E. of Mountain Spring Klauber — New California Boa 315 Agra Encinitas Rancho Santa Fe Linda Vista Murphy Canyon Pacific Beach Grantville Mission Valley San Diego National City Chula Vista San Ysidro Fallbrook Pala Monserate Bonsall Moosa Escondido Pine Mountain San Pasqual Bernardo Hodges Dam Poway Mussey Foster Miramar Twin Oaks San Diego County El Monte Lakeside Flinn Springs Santee Mission Gorge El Cajon Murray Dam Dehesa Helix Spring Valley Jamacha Rainbow Red Mountain Rincon Valley Center Henshaw Dam Santa Ysabel Sutherland Pamo Witch Creek Ballena Hatfield Creek Ramona Earl Wildwood San Vicente Cajon Peak Ritchie Creek Eagle Peak Viejas Descanso Alpine Suncrest Pine Valley Japatul Glen Lonely Jamul Mt. San Miguel Buckmans Deerhorn Flat Dulzura Cottonwood Potrero Tecate Campo Newtown San Felipe Culp Valley Sentenac Canyon The Narrows La Puerta Dos Cabezas Boulevard Jacumba Mountain Spring From these data it would seem that in San Diego County the species ranges from the coast line eastward to the lower edges of the desert foothills, but exclud- ing the mountains above 4500 ft. Banning Hemet Grade Cabazon Palm Canyon Box Springs Canyon Riverside County Palm Springs Gavilan Sanjacinto San Jacinto Mts. 316 San Diego Society of Natural History San Bernardino County Live Oak Canyon, near Redlands Cucamonga Canyon Near San Bernardino San Bernardino Mts. Los Angeles County Tuiunga Canyon Eaton Wash, near Pasadena Mt. Wilson San Gabriel Wash, near Azusa San Gabriel Mts. Sierra Madre, at 1700, 1900 and Hollywood Hills 2500 ft. Arroyo Seco Gracia : The collection localities of this subspecies have been given on page 308 above. Key Key to the species and subspecies of Lichanura. A. Longitudinal stripes, if present, have edges uneven (zig-zag) and ill defined roseofusca roseofusca AA. Longitudinal stripes are present and with even (but serrated) edges. B. Longitudinal stripes dark chocolate brown, ventrals average 222 trivirgata BB. Longitudinal stripes red brown; ventrals average 230 roseofusca gracia Acknowledgments For the loan of specimens I wish to thank Dr. L. Stejneger and Miss Doris M. Cochran of the United States National Museum; Drs. Jos. Grinnell and Jean Linsdale of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Uni- versity of California; Dr. B. W. Evermann and Mr. J. R. Slevin of the California Academy of Sciences; Mr. H. R. Hill of the Los Angeles Museum and Mr. Chas. M. Bogert of Los Angeles. Mr. L. H. Cook made a large number of scale counts for me. Klauber — New California Boa 317 References Cope, E. D. 1861. Contributions to the Ophiology of Lower California, Mexico and Central America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., pp. 292-306 (at page 304) . 1868. (Observations on some Specimens of Vertebrata Presented by Wm. M. Gabb.). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 2. Stejneger, L. 1889. Description of Two New Species of Snakes from California. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 12, pp. 95-99. 1891. On the Snakes of the California Genus Lichamira. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. Vol. 14, pp. 511-515. Van Denburgh, J. 1922. The Reptiles of Western North America. Occas. Papers Calif. Acad. Sci. No. 10, Vol. I, Lizards; Vol. 2, Snakes and Turtles, pp. 1-1028. (at p. 630) . 318 San Diego Society of Natural History PLATE 21 Fig. 1. Lichanura roseofiisca gracia. Desert Boa. CAS 35348. Collected near Aguila, Maricopa Co., Arizona, May, 1912. (Photograph by courtesy of the California Academy of Sciences) Fig. 2. Lichanura roseofusca roseojusca. California Boa. LMK 4282. Collected at The Narrows, San Diego Co., California, March 15, 1931. (Desert edge specimen showing tendency, in contrasting colors, toward L. r. gracia) Fig. 3. Lichanura roseofusca roseofusca. California Boa. LMK 4380. Collected at Campo, San Diego Co., California, April 7, 1931. (Coloration typical of coastal specimens) Klauber — New California Boa Plath 2 1 ^